International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016"

Maximillian Henry
5 years ago
Views:

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research www.ijmter.com e-issn No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016 Foot Step Power Generation Using PIC Microcontroller Manisha B.

com 2 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad,,jadhavamruta594@gmail.com 3 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad,rohini.jadhav200@gmail.

1 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016 Foot Step Power Generation Using PIC Microcontroller Manisha B. Kanawade 1, Amruta N. Jadhav 2,Rohini B. Jadhav 3,Prof. Kalpesh K Bamb 4 1 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, manishakanawade04@gmail.com 2 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad,,jadhavamruta594@gmail.com 3 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad,rohini.jadhav200@gmail.com 4 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, kalpeshkumar.bamb@gmail.com Abstract-Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and wellbeing since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock.when the flooring is engineered with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations. Keywords-Piezoelectric transduser, ACripple neutralizer, microcontroller PIC16f877A, mobile charger unit, LCD, battery I. INTRODUCTION The usage of traditional power generation method such as burning of coal, wood, diesel etc is continuously depleting our natural resources such as fossil fuel which is the demand for power has exceed supply due to the rising population. In addition to this the traditional method cause population. has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a sense of fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement. The crowed farm floor is composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscape athletic field with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and celebration Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where the roads,railway stations, bus stands, temples etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move move around the clock. This whole human bio energy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy sources in crowded countries. Walking across a Crowd Farm, floor, then will be fun for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such farms with earning. The electrical energy generated at such farms will be useful for nearby All rights Reserved

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.1.Microcontroller PIC16F877A Figure 1.Block diagram of system PIC16F877A microcontroller is main part of foot step power generation system.

2 II. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.1.Microcontroller PIC16F877A Figure 1.Block diagram of system PIC16F877A microcontroller is main part of foot step power generation system. It is used to display battery voltage on LCD. It is also used to measure battery voltage with the help of analog to digital converter of pic microcontroller. 10MHz crystal is used in this project 1.Operating frequency- 20MHz 2.Resets and Delays-POR,BOR(PWRT,OST) 3.Flash memory-8kb 4.Data memory-368bytes 5.EEPROM-256Bytes 6.I/O ports-a,b,c,d,e 2.2.PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal. Figure 2.Piezoelectric Sensor Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various All rights Reserved 659

3 Figure 3.Piezoelectriccrystal The rise of piezoelectric technology is directly related to a set of inherent advantages. The high modulus of elasticity of many piezoelectric materials is comparable to that of many metals and goes up to 10e6 N/m²[Even though piezoelectric sensors are electromechanical systems that react to compression, the sensing elements show almost zero deflection. This is the reason why piezoelectric sensors are so rugged, have an extremely high natural frequency and an excellent linearity over a wide amplitude range. Additionally, piezoelectric technology is insensitive to electromagnetic fields and radiation, enabling measurements under harsh conditions. Some materials used (especially gallium phosphate or tourmaline) have an extreme stability even at high temperature, enabling sensors to have a working range of up to 1000 C. Tourmaline shows pyroelectricity in addition to the piezoelectric effect; this is the ability to generate an electrical signal when the temperature of the crystal changes A.C. RIPPLE NEUTRALIZER: Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage BATTERY: Manufactured/tested using CAD Electrolyte volume PE Separators Protection against leakage Figure 4.Capacitor Filter III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE IN DETAIL The piezoelectric material converts the pressure applied to it into electrical energy. The source of pressure can be either from the weight of the moving vehicles or from the weight of the people walking over it. The output of the piezoelectric material is not a steady one. So a bridge circuit is used to convert this variable voltage into a linear one. Again an AC ripple filter is used to filter out any further fluctuations in the output. The output dc voltage is then stored in a rechargeable battery. As the power output from a single piezo-film was extremely low, combination of few Piezo films was investigated. Two possible connections were tested - parallel and series connections. The parallel connection did not show significant increase in the voltage output. With series connection, additional piezo-film results in increased of voltage output but not in linear proportion. So here a combination of both parallel and series connection is employed for producing 40V voltage output with high current density. From battery provisions are provided to connect dc load. An inverter is connected to battery to provide provision to connect AC load. The voltage produced across the tile can be seen in All rights Reserved 660

4 LCD. For this purpose microcontroller PIC16F873A is used. The microcontroller uses a crystal oscillator for its operation. The output of the microcontroller is then given to the LCD which then displays the voltage levels Figure 5.Schematic representation of the working model 3.2. Maximum Theoretical Voltage Generated When a force is applied on piezo material, a charge is generated across it. Thus, it can be assumed to be an ideal capacitor. Thus, all equations governing capacitors can be applied to it. In this project, on one tile, we connect 3 piezo in series.10 such series connections are connected in parallel. Thus when 3 piezoelectric discs are connected in series, its equivalent capacitance becomes: 1/Ceq=(1/c1)+(1/c2)+(1/c3) We know, Q=C*V So C=Q/V Veq/Q=(V1/Q)+(V2/Q)+(V3/Q) Thus, Veq=V1+V2+V3 Hence, the net voltage generated in series connection is the sum of individual voltages generated across each piezoelectric disc. Output voltage from 1 piezo disc is 13V. Thus, Veq=V1+V2+V3 = =39V Thus the maximum voltage that can be generated across the piezo tile is around 39V. STUDY OF CONNECTIONS Next to determine the kind of connection that gives appreciable voltage and current necessary, three PZT are connected inseries. Figure 6. PZT in series connection A force sensor and voltmeter is connected to this series combination. As varying forces are applied on this connection, corresponding voltages are noted. Also the voltage generated across the series connection and the current is measured. Similarly the connections are All rights Reserved 661

5 for parallel and series-parallel connections are done and the graphs as shown in fig 7 and 8 respectively Figure 7. V-I graph of parallel and series connection Figure 8. V-I graph of parallel and series Combination It can be seen from the graph that the voltage from a series connection is good but the current obtained is poor, whereas the current from a parallel connection is good but the voltage is poor. But this problem is rectified in a series- parallel connection where a good voltage as well as current can be obtained. Application 1. Street Lighting Operation 2. Foot step power can be used for agricultural. 3. Home application. 4. Street lighting. 5. Railway station. 6. Temples and other crowded areas. IV. CONCLUSION FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION using PIC16F877A has been successfully developed. The developed system monitor by PIC controller and energy consumption of the prototype should beconsidered. It is a need to develop and energy saving in future application REFERENCES [1] Mr.A.Adhithan,K.Vignesh,M.Manikandan Proposed Method of Foot Step Power Generation Using Piezo Electric Sensor International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2015 [2] Monika Jain, MohitDev Sharma VIDYUT Generation via Walking : Analysis International Journal Of Engineering Science and Research Technology 2014 [3] JoydevGhosh, SupratimSen Electrical Power Generation Using Foot Step for Urban Area Energy Applications International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)2013 [4] Alla Chandra Sekhar, Murali Kishore,T Jogi Raju Electromagnet Foot Step Power Generation International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 6, June 2013 [5] V.JoseAnanthVino,AP,Bharath University Power Generation Using Foot Step International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume1 Issue2 May All rights Reserved 662

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research www.ijmter.com e-issn No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016 ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC SIGNALLING SYSTEM Mayuri R. Jain 1,Ashvini V. Khairnar 2,