International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016

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1 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016 Rice Grain And Stone Sorting Using ARM Rahul A. Chavhan 1, Roshan A.Deore 2, Rahul S. Rathore 3, Prof. K. S. Tated 4 1 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, rahulachavhan@gmail.com 2 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, roshandeore786@gmail.com 3 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, rahulsrathore1994@gmail.com 4 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad, kavita.tated@gmail.com Abstract-Today s world is the world of technology and science. Due to automation, life has become fast and luxurious. Rice is one of the most common sources of food consumed in the world. With the improving living standards of human being, huge amount of rice with higher quality than before is required today. Therefore we are going to Develop a system for farmers & industries for rice grain and stone sorting from mix grain efficiently or faster sorting of rice. To design a system for rice grain and stone sorting based on colour recognition by using colour sensor, microcontroller and nozzle compressor unit. Microcontroller makes decision based on colour sensed by sensor and activates the nozzle compressor unit to sort the stones from rice grain. Keywords- Colour sensor, Electromagnetic multivibrator, Microcontroller P89LPC938H, Nozzle Compressor Unit, Switching nozzle. I. INTRODUCTION The quality of rice is based on a variety of properties such as cooking texture, colour (whiteness or chalkiness), size, shape and the number of broken rice kernels, stones, earth granules, yellow, immature grains. Rice quality inspection by humans (relying upon naked eyes) is neither objective nor efficient. Error increases sometimes due to inexperience or the inspection may be deliberately shifted out of sympathy for the producers. Traditional mechanical process could only eliminate tiny particles that are smaller than rice, such as crude bran. This kind of purely mechanical method is useless in recognizing and separating rice with different impurity but the same size. Most of the rice sorting machines available on the market are still based on the technologies of the 20th century, such as centralized control, and programmable logic device. Major shortcomings of such systems are 1) very simple functions, limited software adaptability whereas high design complexity 2) signal attenuation resulting from long distance transmission of the optical sensors output signal connected to the controller by long wire. MVS was developed by Wan, Lin and Chiou to sort rice with an accuracy ranging from 87% to 90%.These methods use a CCD video camera with illumination source for image acquisition and a PC with frame grabber and specially designed software for image processing and analysis. For on line measurement a transport system is used to position the rice kernels below the camera and for sorting a discharging device is used to collect the classified kernels in different containers. MVS is relative expensive, influenced by external light conditions and needs an experienced person to setup the system. In the conventional rice sorter, colour of fallen rice from a shoot is captured, and then rice colour-stone is compared with some threshold value. If the rice colour-stone is below the threshold value, the rice is rejected as damaged rice. For this conventional rice sorter, when percentage of paddy in polished rice exceeds 1%, it is difficult to exclude all paddies. Furthermore if rice flow exceeds a few thousands [kgh], the recognition percentage is All rights Reserved

2 90% and recognition ability is not always guaranteed. While small flow of rice guarantees recognition ability, this matter leads a low efficiency for rice sorting. So the efficient system needs to be developed. II. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.1. Microcontroller P89LPC938H Figure 1. Block diagram of system The P89LPC938 is a single-chip microcontroller, available in low cost packages, based on a high performance processor architecture that executes instructions in two to four clocks, six times the rate of standard 80C51 devices. Many system-level functions have been incorporated into the P89LPC938 in order to reduce component count, board space, and system cost True colour sensor (MTCS-iCS) This color sensor identifies color and gives serial output of RBG value. It can identify 16.7 million color shades giving RGB value for the detected color. The detected color is identified as amount of three primary color values namely Red, Green & Blue with 8 bit accuracy for each primary color. Any color can be separated or combined into three primary colors Red, Green and Blue using the RBG values. Figure 2. True Colour Sensor 2.3. Fast switching nozzle (MHE2-MS1H-3/2G-QS-4) MH- fast switching valve E- individual valve 2- flow rate 90 to All rights Reserved 645

3 M- solenoid switching S- 2ms 24VDC H- Non detenting 3/2-3/2way valve G- Closed QS4- Push in connector for 4mm 0.D tubing Figure 3. Fast switching nozzle (MHE2-MS1H-3/2G-QS-4) 2.4. Electromagnetic vibrator Can handle hot or abrasive material Can handle fragile materials (like potato chips) without degradation. Can be easily enclosed even at transfer end Special additional operations can be added like magnetic separation, heating, cooling, drying Offers completely adjustable control of rate of flow of material Available in various models from 200 kg/hr to 200 Figure 4. Electromagnetic vibrator III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE IN DETAIL This system is used to find the stones or dust and separate them from rice, ultimately makes the rice clean automatically. As shown in fig, the system consists of electromagnetic vibrator which allows falling the rice and stones mixture present in feeding bucket from conveyor belt one at a time. After the grains of rice are loaded onto a conveyor, they are illuminated and then imaged. After the line scan colour sensor detects the grains of rice, the captured colours are processed on-board by the ARM controller. Typically, colour sensing algorithms determine the greyscale level of objects within a colour, and then threshold algorithms are used to set the limits of what is sorted. As the rice mixtures are being scanned, the grey-scale is pure All rights Reserved 646

4 Figure 5. Architecture of system Sorting will simply assign a pass or fail based upon the pixel value and the preset threshold limit. After the sorting algorithms determine which grains of rice are passed or failed the camera triggers a number of air-jets. The air-jets push each rejected grain of rice into a separate bin. Figure 6. Working diagram IV. CONCLUSION In conclusion, rice grain and stone sorting using ARM has been successfully developed. The developed system monitor by ARM controller, An automatic, precise and faster system for cleaning of rice, the system can replace the previous conventional methods which earlier uses. In future, prototype should be considered, can develop for sorting other seeds from stones, multiple seeds can sort by using one system REFERENCES [1] Wu Zhihong,Zhu Yuan, Chen Guoqiang, Shi Xinying, Feng Jiayun, Research and Development of Rice Color Sorter,International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation,2009. [2] Kavita Tated, Sunil Morade Application of Image Processing for Automatic Cleaning of Rice 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Mar-2012 [3] Bhupinder Verma, Image Processing Techniques for Grading & Classification of onions", International conference on computer & communication technology, ICCC, /10 pp , 2010 [4] Liu Guang-rong, Rice Color Inspection Based on Image Processing Technique", International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering, 2010 [5] Smita Shelake, Prof.A.P.Phatale An automatic grading system based on machine vision international journal of innovative research in electrical, electronics, instrumentation and control engineering Vol. 1, Issue 4, July All rights Reserved 647

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