International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016
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1 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016 ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC SIGNALLING SYSTEM Mayuri R. Jain 1,Ashvini V. Khairnar 2, Himani N. Shah 3, Prof. M. A. Mechkul 4 1 E&TC, SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad mayurijain464@gmail.com 2 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad khairnarashvini28@gmail.com 3 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad himanishah6@gmail.com 4 E&TC,SNJB S KBJ college of Engineering, Chandwad manojmechkul@gmail.com Abstract-Traffic signals are the most convenient method of controlling traffic in a busy junction. Present traffic signals fail to control the traffic effectively when a particular lane has got more traffic than the other lanes. If on first lane 30 vehicles are present at same time on second lane special vehicle is detected by RFID receiver up to 25 meter range that time first lane will closed and second lane will open. This lane open for the duration of number of normal vehicle and number of special vehicle e.g. if on second lane before special 6 normal vehicle are there, that means (6 sec of normal vehicle + 1 sec of special vehicle=7 sec for second lane). This normal vehicle are detected by ultrasonic sensor after that normal operation will continue. Keywords- PIC microcontroller 18f4520, PLC with 12 I/O, ultrasonic Sensor, RFID Transmitter & receiver, LED. I.INTRODUCTION Traffic signals are the most convenient method of controlling traffic in a busy junction. But, we can see that these signals fail to control the traffic effectively when a particular lane has got more traffic than the other lanes. This situation makes that particular lane more crowdy than the other lanes. If the traffic signals can allot different time slots to different lanes according to the traffic present in each lane, then, this problem can be solved easily. We, in this project work, intend to measure the traffic density by counting the number of vehicles in each lane and then allot different time slots to different lanes according to the number of vehicles. Its also difficult for a traffic police to monitor the whole scenario round the clock. So, we use an automated system which counts the number of vehicles in each lane, allots different time slots to different lanes according to the number of vehicles present in each lane. If there is special vehicle in any path like Ambulance or Vehicles of VIP then it is detected and that path will get open and others will remain close. For automation, we have decided to use a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Due to its ruggedness and ease of programming and re programming, PLC is the most suitable controller for the above purpose. I. BLOCK All rights Reserved Figure1: Block diagram of system
2 2.1.PIC18F4520 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Features PIC18F4520 Operating Frequency:- DC 40 MHz Program Memory (Bytes) : Program Memory(Instructions): Data Memory (Bytes) : Data EEPROM Memory (Bytes) :- 256 Interrupt Sources :- 20 I/O Ports Port:- Ports A, B, C, D, E 2.2. Ultrasonic sensor: Features : Figure2: Ultrasonic sensor Measurable distances of 10cm to 400cm(4 Meters) 5V DC Supply voltage Compact size Accuracy of +-1cm Modulated at 40 khz Serial data of 9600 bps TTL level output for easy interface with any microcontroller. 2.2PLC(Programmable Logic Controller): Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) defined by NEMA as a digitally operating electronic apparatus that uses a programmable memory for internal storage of instructions for implementing specific functions such as LOGIC, SEQUENCING, TIMING, COUNTING and ARITHMETIC through digital or analog INPUT/OUTPUTMODULES Alllen Bradley PLC: Allen-Bradley control solutions set the standard from the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) invented nearly 30 years ago to the more recent technology embodied in the rugged, scalable, highly-functional Programmable Automation Controller (PAC). The reason? You move forward with our control solutions while protecting the control investment you made in the past. 2.3RFID Transmitter and receiver: An RFID system consists in a set of emitters or tags which, periodically or upon interrogation, transmit a short digital radiofrequency message containing an identification code (unique to each tag) as well as some data stored in the tag s memory. These data can be obtained remotely by a computer equipped with an RFID reader. Besides the tag ID, which confirms the presence of All rights Reserved 734
3 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) tag within the detecting range of the reader, the RFID reader measures the received signal strength (RSSI) of the RF signal, which is an indicator of the range from tag to reader. The main advantage of RFID systems with respect to other RF technologies, which could be used for infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communications is its low cost and minimum infrastructure maintenance, which results in a high scalability and easy deployment of the infrastructure. The kind of active RFID tags used in this research are cheap (10 20 euros each), can be easily attached to the traffic signals and last for at least five years. Active RFID Transmitter Tag Features: Each transmitter tag has unique 16 bit ID, Pre-programmed during manufacturing Upto 25 meters range Built in Antenna and Battery on PCB LED indication for active transmission 3V battery powered CR2032 Low Cost and Compact Design Active RFID Receiver Tag LED indication on valid data receive Supports Active RFID Transmitter Tags Outputs 9600 bps Serial data PCB built Antenna Upto 64 tags supported automatically in range Figure 3: Ranges of RFID sensor III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE IN DETAIL In our project we designing adapted system in which we use electrical, electronics and mechanical components like controller, PLC, ultrasonic sensor.traffic signals are the most convenient method of controlling traffic in a busy junction. But, we can see that these signals fail to control the traffic effectively when a particular lane has got more traffic than the other lanes. This situation makes that particular lane more crowdie than the other lanes. If the traffic signals can allot different time slots to different lanes according to the traffic present in each lane, then, this problem can be solved easily. We, in this project work, intend to measure the traffic density by counting the number of vehicles in each lane for that purpose we use Ultrasonic sensor which is interfaced with PLC and this sensor senses the vehicles and count vehicles through PLC. In normal traffic control system first lane will open,then second and so on. But, in our system if special vehicle is detected in any path then this path will open first and sequence will continue like normal traffic system. We allot different time slots to different lanes according to the number of vehicles. Its also difficult for a traffic police to monitor the whole scenario round the All rights Reserved 735
4 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Each special vehicle like ambulance, VIP, etc. have RFID transmitter. If there is special vehicle present in any path then it is detected by RFID receiver and accordingly microcontroller works based on that RFID receiver. After that microcontroller gives that signal i.e. special vehicle is detected to PLC. And based on PLC signal at output Green, Red, Yellow lights will ON or OFF. Then path will get open or close. IV. CONCLUSION Adaptive traffic light system has been successfully developed. The system is control by using PLC,PIC microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, RFID transmitter &receiver. REFERENCES [1] Muhammad ArshadKhattak PLC Based Intelligent Traffic Control System, International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECSIJENSVol: 11 No: 06 December 2011 [2]PoonamBorle, AnkitaSaswadkar, DeepaliHiwarkar, Rupali S. Kad, Automatic Meter Reading for Electricity Using Power Line Communication, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 3, All rights Reserved 736
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Index Terms-Emergency vehicle clearance, Higher density, IR sensor, Micro controller, RFID Technology.
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