Compensation for Radon Decay Products in Air Monitoring Applications Using Alpha Peak-Shape Fitting
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1 Compensation for Radon Decay Products in Air Monitoring Applications Using Alpha Peak-Shape Fitting David K. Baltz Chief Technologist Bladewerx LLC Rio Rancho, NM
2 The Background Challenge While geographically dependent, radon is naturally occurring virtually everywhere Even in HEPA filtered areas, air sampling with filter papers inevitably results in the accumulation of radon progeny The resulting alpha count rates are typically many times the level of interest for transuranic regulations
3 The Alpha Spectrum Problem Real-time, continuous monitoring of transuranics prohibits the use of vacuum spectroscopy. Measurement of transuranic radioisotopes under ambient pressure conditions is hampered by interference by higher energy alphas from Radon progeny.
4 The Radon/Thoron Interferents Alpha-emitters from 222 Rn chain MeV MeV MeV Alpha-emitters from 220 Rn (thoron) chain MeV (36% yield) MeV (64% yield)
5 Radon Background Spectrum Radon Background Spectrum Po 214 Po Counts 300 Transuranic Region Channel
6 Radon/Thoron Background Spectrum Spectrum Po Bi 214 Po 212 Po 200 Counts Transuranic Region Channel
7 Resolving Isotopes of Interest Counts from the 218 Po/ 212 Bi and 214 Po tails interfere with measurements in the transuranic region. Several factors affect tail interference Air gap Filter type Dust loading Detector resolution Pressure/temperature changes
8 Radon Concentration Variability Radon levels can vary dramatically with weather conditions Radon levels can vary dramatically during the day
9
10 Historical Solutions Historically, several methods have been employed to compensate for radon interference: Age samples to allow for interferents to decay Fixed background subtraction Regions of Interest and fixed ratio subtraction Exponential tail-fitting Radon reduction
11 A New Advance In Radon Compensation Due to advances in microprocessors and miniaturization, peak-shape fitting a technique used for years in laboratory alpha spectroscopy instruments is now practical in portable and real-time instruments.
12 Peak-Shape Fitting Definition Peak-Shape Fitting (PSF) consists of using a mathematical model to represent the spectrum counts for each alpha-emitting isotope so that when the individual models are summed, the result closely approximates the spectrum accumulated from multiple isotopes.
13 214 Po Fit Po214 Fit Counts Channel
14 218 Po Fit Po218 Fit Counts Channel
15 239 Pu Fit Pu239 Fit Counts Channel
16 Fitted Spectrum 600 Fitted Spectrum Counts Channel
17 Peak Fit Results After solving for the optimum fit: 214 Po area is ±216 counts 218 Po area is 1051 ±147 counts 239 Pu area is 169 ±96 counts
18 Successive Approximations Begin with initial estimates for peak shape, peak channels and peak areas. Solve for best fit by refining the estimates and comparing the square of individual channel errors. End when fit error stops improving.
19 Iterations
20 Peak Fit Method Benefits More accurate radon subtraction Peak area variances include compensation for interfering peaks Automatically adjusts to spectrum changes due to: Peak shifts Dust loading Disequilibrium conditions Ignores most counts resulting from RFI noise Unusual spectrums produce Poor Fit warning
21 FOR MORE INFO... Visit Bladewerx on the internet at:
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