I can't trust him with a car

Transcription

1 -Ç-C- Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 Durga: You cannot tell Ram from Lakshman. I've seen other twins, but no pair so close as these two. (, éπ~ tù apple á -È - Ó îá æp ç. ØË Éûª Ω éπ œ x- îª Æœ ÖØ o. é F K Éçûª ÚLéπ o éπ îª úø- ü ) Venkat: True. I've seen them a good number of times, but telling them apart, - I give up. (Eï Ë. x-øëo áeo- ƒ Ω x øó, é F á Ω á Ó îá æpúøç apple ØË îëûª - -ûëh- Ææ hø o.) Give up = v æߪ ûªoç N Ω-N ç-îª -éó- úøç Durga: But there is some thing that helps. While Ram is quite tidy and always smartly dressed, Lakshman is shabby. (Å ûë èπ ƒßª - æúëüìéπ-ô çc. à Á Ÿv µºçí, ç* ôd- -Ææ -èπ çõ, éπ~ tù éìç-ûª Å Ÿv µºçí Öçö«úø. Tidy = Ÿv µºçí Öçúøôç - æfl, Ææn «, É x. Tidy x Shabby = ÅÆæ æ«u Á i Venkat: Yea, I have observed that too. Lakshman just doesn't bother what kind of clothes he wears. (Å. ÅD ØË í -Eç-î. á «çöà ôd ËÆæ -èπ ç-ö«úó ÅÆæ æöàdç-îª éóúø éπ~ tù ) Durga: Infact, Ram's clothes can set him apart even in a crowd. (ÅÆæ, áçûª ï ç- apple-øájø ôd ÅûªúÕ v æûëu-éπ-ûª ûá - æ -û ) Venkat: I will speak to Lakshman about it. Tell him to be a little tidier and smarter. (Ñ N æߪ ç éπ~ tù ûó ö«x-úø-û ØË. é Ææh ç* ôd ûìúø -èπ \E éìçûª îª úø-í - L-Ííô d éπ - æ-úø- E îá û ) Durga: You had better. (Å. Å «îëߪ úøç ç*c.) ÉC éπ œ x ÚL-éπ èπ Ææç ç-cµç-* Ææç µ«- æù ÅE ûá -Ææ høë ÖçC éπü. - æfl-, v æüë-»- í Jç* ûál-ê -ô- æ púø J ÚLéπ èπÿ, ûëú èπ úë phrasal verbs í Jç* É æ púø ûá -Ææ - èπ çü ç. ÉN î «simple expressions. O Spoken English î «Ææ æ«ïçí ÖçúË- «-îë ƒh. Éûª- Ω O Ω úø ûª o Ææçü - s Eo öàd Ææ µºçí Å Ωnç îëææ -éó-í - Ω. Look at the following expressions from the dialogue above: 1) You can't tell Ram from Lakshman. 2)... but telling them apart, - I give up. 3) Ram's clothes can set him apart even in a crowd. 1) Tell onething from another - äéπ-ü -EéÃ/ uéàhéã, ÉçéÓ-ü -EéÃ/ uéàhéã ûëú ûá -Ææ -éó- úøç/ îá æp-í - -í úøç. a) It is difficult to tell an Indian from a Pakistani ( µ«ω-b-ߪ - èπÿ, ƒéà- ƒn-f-ߪ - èπ ûëú îá æpúøç éπ æ dç Éü l Ω äíé «Öçö«Ω ÅE) b) He, speaking English?! He cannot tell 'a' from 'b'. Åûªúø English ö«x-úø-ô?! Åûª-úÕéÀ a èπ, b èπ ûëú ûál-ߪ ü. c) I can't trust him with a car. He cannot tell a steering wheel from a gear = Car ÅûªúÕûÓ drive îë çîªúøç Ø èπ téπç ü (ÅûªúÕ driving -O -ü Ø èπ téπç ü ). -Å-ûªúÕéÀ steering wheel èπ, gear èπÿ ûëú ûál-ߪ ü. 2) Tell something apart = ûëú ûálæœ Öçúøôç. a) 'Can you tell one Indian movie from another?' (äé𠵫ω- B-ߪ ÆœE- èπÿ ÉçéÓ ÆœE- èπÿ ûëú îá æp-í -?) 'No, I can never tell them apart. Only the actors are different. Fights, duets and dances are there in every movie.' (Å s, ØË îá æp-. û Ω Ë Ω. fights, duets, Ø ö«u Åçû äíé Ωéπç) 3) Set (something/ somebody) apart = ûëú éπe- œç-îªúøç/ N -éπ~ùçí Öçúøôç. a) We have very good batsmen but Tendulkar's talent is distinct. It sets him apart from the rest = èπ î «- ç* batsmen ÖØ o Ω. é F õ çúø - \ v æa µº ÅûªúÕéà N í û xèπÿ Ö o ûëú ûá - æ ûª çc. b) IITs' excellence sets them apart from the other engineering institutions. IIT ùàç æ öàe N -éπ~-ù- Á i Ní îë ƒh. c) You can tell him apart even in a crowd. There is always some thing in him that sets him apart = (í ç æ apple èπÿú Åûª-úÕ-Eõ d æõ d-ߪ -í ç. N í û xéπçõ Gµ oçí éπ-e œç-îë-ô x îëêæ N -éπ~ùûª Åûª-úÕ apple àüó ÖçC.) Ñ expressions English apple î «common. î «simple expressions. Daily life situations apple «í Ö æßá -í - æ-úø-û. English apple there, it ûó sentences begin îëߪ úøç î «ƒüµ - Ωùç. ûª Ωîª É «there/ it ûó sentence begin îëæœ æ púø, öàéà v æûëuéπ Á i Å Ωnç Öçúøü. Sentence begin îëêæç-ü Íé úøû ç. OöÀE à tense appleøájø -úìîª a. a) There are 40 colleges in this city = Ñ í - Ωç apple 40 éπ «-»- - -Ø o. í -Eç-îªçúÕ. There èπ ÖçúË 'Åéπ\úø Å o Å Ωnç Ééπ\úø Öçúø-éπ- Ú- úøç. b) There are a four students here = Ééπ\úø í Ω Nü u- Ω n- -Ø o Ω.  Ω éπü. Ééπ\úø èπÿú there èπ v æûëuéπ Á i Å Ωnç ào ü. (Å «Öçõ Åéπ\úø -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù 516 -í Ω Nü u- Ω n- -Ø o-j-éπ\úø ÅØË N æ-k-û Ωnç Ææ hçc éπü?  j È çúø Ææçü - s - applex ), a) 40 colleges are in the city Å úøç é F, b) 4 students are here Å úøç é F Åçûª ÆæÈ j English úø éπ é ü. Åçü -éπe there úøû ç. Å «Íí 'It' èπÿú. ÅC ÅØË Å ΩnçûÓ é èπ çú sentence begin îëêæç-ü Íé úøû ç. I can't trust him with a car EXERCISE 1 éàçc öàe There/ It ûó practise îëߪ çúõ. 1) Ñ table O ü 10 æ Ææh-é - -Ø o. 2) Ç í C apple áçûª çc Nü u- Ω n- - Ø o Ω? 3) Ç Óñ ç-ü éó î «îªlí ÖçúÕçC. 4) Nyçûª Òü løëo úøç îª úøôç î «N*vûªçí ÖçC. 5) y îáê p-ü çöapplex -ã point ÖçC. 6) æ - µ«- Ω-ûªç apple DE v æ ƒh- (reference) ÖçC. 7) ÅûªúÕE E o Ééπ\úø îª úøôç Ç a Ωuçí ÖçúÕçC. surprize = Ç a Ωuç 8) Çé - ç apple éóö«- -éóôx (billions) éπ~-vû - -Ø o. 9) æ Jh Ææ -î Ωç ÅçüË- - Ωèπ àd îá æpúøç éπ æ dç. 10) Ééπ\úø 10 questions ÖØ o. ANSWERS 1) There are ten books on this table. 2) How many students are there in the room? 3) Some how it was very cold that day. 4) It is very strange for me to see you get/ getting up so early in the morning. 5) There is a point in what you say. 6) There is a reference to it in the Mahabharatam. 7) It was surprizing to see him here yesterday. 8) There are billions of stars in the sky. 9) It is difficult to say anything until we get the full information. 10) There are ten questions here. EXERCISE 2 éàçc Ææç µ«- æù English apple practise îëߪ çúõ. Sentences v ƒ Ωç- µºç apple there, it úøçúõ. Preethi: E o class apple áçûª çc Nü u- Ω n- - Ø o Ω? Sahithi: 10 çc èπÿú Ω. Preethi: Nü u- Ω n- class a) It is easy to learn English = English ØË Ω aéó úøç Ææ µºç. b) It will be difficult for you to get tickets if you delay = Ç Ææuç îëêæh tickets üì Ω-éπúøç éπ æ dç. c) "Will it take long to learn English thoroughly" = English èπ~ ùoçí ØË Ω a-èπ -ØËç-ü èπ î «é ç æúø -ûª çü? "No. It won't take longer than a few months if you practise regularly." (ÅüËç ü. Æævéπ çí practice îëêæh È çúø úø ØÁ -éπçõ æôdü.) d) It's in his nature to put off things = -ü Ëߪ úøç ÅûªúÕ Ææy µ«- ç- appleøë ÖçC. Å ûë It ûó begin îëêæ î «sentences Infinitive ûóí F,... ing form ûóí F v ƒ Ωç-Gµç-îª- îª a. a) It is bad to smoke = To smoke (infinitive) is bad = Smoking is bad. b) It is boring to wait for so long = To wait (infinitive)/ waiting for so long is boring. ÉN í -Eç-îªçúÕ: a) It is raining b) It is very hot today c) It is a long time since we met ( ç éπ -Ææ -èπ E î «é - Á içc) d) It is about 300 Km from here to Hyderabad. (Ééπ\úÕ ç*  j«ü - - «-ü èπ 300 éà.o.) e) It's now (É æ púø æcç-- «Å uçc). É «time, date, day, distance, weather í Jç* ö«x-úë-ô- æ púø 'it' ûó v ƒ Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç ü ü æ ûª æp-e-ææj.- èπ Ω œpç-îªúøç (to make students attend classes) éπ æ dçí ÖçC. Sahithi: æ» E oöà û - - Ωù- Ë Á? E oçû ïúõ- èπ Ω Ææ h îªlí ÖçC. Preethi: éìçûª- çc teachers éπ- Ú- úøç èπÿú Ç a- Ωu Ë. Sahithi: E o classes cancel îëææ çõ «í ç-úëc. ANSWERS Preethi: How many students were there in the class yesterday? Sahithi: Hardly ten/ There were hardly ten students in the class Preethi: It is (becoming) difficult to make students attend classes. Sahithi: Perhaps it was the weather yesterday. It was raining cats and dogs yesterday. It was cold too. Preethi: It is surprizing that some teachers didn't come either yesterday. Sahithi: It would have been better if we had cancelled classes yesterday. A. Penchalaiah, Rajampeta Q. It is easy to preach others DEéÀ éàçc options apple àc éπè éód N -Jç-îªí - Ω. 1. Preaching others is easier. 2. To preach others is easy. 3. It is easy to preaching others. 4. With others preaching is easy. A. It is easy to preach to others ÅØ L, preach ûª yûª to ûª æp-èπ çú ú L, á -JéÀ applecµç-îªúøç ÅE ûál-ê ç-ü èπ.-é-üë -Å Ωnç -É-îËa -É-ûª Ω sen- tences.- 1. Preaching to others is easy (preaching ûª yûª to L, comparison - æ púø, easier Å ç) 2. To preach to others is easy (preach ûª yûª to - Ééπ\úø èπÿú L.) 3. It is easy to preach to others- easy to ûª yûª...ing form úøç DEØË É «ÅØÌîª a. It is easy, preaching to others. 4. Ñ sentence æ Jhí ûª æ p. S. Mohinuddin, Gowligeri (Kurnool) Q. Kindly clarify doubts in the following sentence structures. 1. They have been able to persuade them. 2. She must have been able to notice them. Structure: (must have been able to + p.v.) 3. They might have been able to solve the problem. Structure: (might have been able to + p.v.) A. 1. They have been able to persuade them= They have succeeded in making them agree. 2. She must have been able to notice them = She certainly has noticed them. 3. They might have been able to solve the problem = Perhaps they had the ability to solve/ did not have the ability to solve the problem (doubt) K.R. Achari, Vykuntapuram Q. He promised to come, but he never turned up. Ééπ\úø promised - turned È çúø past actions éπü. Promised ÅØËC remote past Åçü -éπe had promised L éπü (Wren & Martin grammar & composition book apple ÖçC). Going to ÅØË v æßá í ç ûª yûª go, come E öãîª îá œp- ô x í Ω h. clarify îëߪ í - Ω. A. He had promised to come, but never turned up Å -úø Ë correct, é F had promised úø-éπ- Ú- úøç ÅØËC Åçûª ûª æ p é ü standard writers of English èπÿú É «Ææ h-ø o Ω. Going to go, Going to come - Modern English apple ûª æ p-é ü.

2 -- çí -- - Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 Ramprasad, Kovvur. Q. Ææ µº, Ææ - Ë-», Ææü -Ææ q, ËCéπ O ü ÉçTx- ˇ apple ö«x-úø- - Æœ *a- - æ púø Å -ÆæJçî Lq æü l -ûª, v ƒ Ωç µºç, Tç æ á «Öçú ØË N æ-ߪ -  j à Á iø tips ÅçCç-îª-í - Ω. A. Ææ µº, Ææ - Ë-» E Ωy- œ«çîë B Ω È çúø Ωé - í ÖçúÌîª a. 1) äéπ uéàh Emcee (Master of Ceremonies) í u - æ«-jææ h, TV apple anchor/ compere (éπç œ-ߪ ) «é Ωu-véπ- ç- applee Åç» äéπü E ûª yûª ÉçéÓ-ü Eo announce îëߪ úøç. 2) Ææ µºèπ Åüµ u-éπ~ûª (Presiding) œ«çîë uéàh (President/ Chairperson) é Ωu-véπ- ç applee Åç» Ω -Ææí v æéπ-öàç-îªúøç. 1) Emcee E Ωy- æ«ù: Emcee í u - æ«-jç-îë- Ω ç* éπh j Öçú L, -v Ú-ví - applee Åç» Ω - Ææ ñ«ví -ûªhí - ƒx-ø îëææ -éó- L. à Åç ç á JéÀ Ææç ç-cµç-*çüó çüë ûá -Ææ -éó- L. Emceeing îëêæ Ÿx û ûálê N æ-ߪ - çü í practice îëææ -éó- -úø Ë é èπ çú Å -Ææ- Ω- Á iûë v appleûª- èπ NÆæ í éπ -í -èπ çú, NØÓü ç éπlíí «Ææ -ߪ -Ææ p -JhûÓ uêu îëߪ -í -LT Öçú L. Ææ µ«v ƒ Ωç µºç: Good evening everybody/ to you all. This is (Emcee Ê Ω ) Welcoming you on behalf of (á J/ à ÆæçÆæn ûª Ω- æ ØÓ Ç Ê Ω îá æpúøç) to this evenings function/ event. In a few moments from now the event will start and may I request all the audience to be seated. (v appleûª- ç-ü Ω èπÿ Óa- E v ƒ Ωn ). 2. ËCéπ (Dais-úøߪ Æˇ é ü úáß Æˇ) O ü ÇÆ - - -ßË u- - x ËCéπ O Cèπ Ç æ y-eç-îªúøç. ÉC ÇÆ - - -ßË u x v ƒ -êu-û -véπ- Eo öàd Öçô çc. a) We begin our programme now - On behalf of (ûª Ω- æ - ) of the organization (Ææ µº E Ωy- œ«çîë ÆæçÆæn) and on my behalf, I invite Sri... (Head of the organization - ÆæçÆæn ÅCµ- æa) to come up the dais and take his/ her seat. So and so will escort him/ her to his/ her seat ( ËCéπ v appleûª- èπ î «ü Ωçí Ö o- æ púø, Åçûª-ü - Ω äéπ\í äçô-jí úõ* úøç É sç-cí Öçô ç-ü E Å -èπ çõ ã Éü l-je, Çߪ / Ç Á ËCéπ ü í _- Ωèπ Áçô- -ô dèπ E Ω tçö«ç escort - (ûóúø úøç). b) É æ púø Ç æ y-eç-îª- - -Æœ uéàh, Ææ µºèπ Åüµ u-éπ~ûª œ«ç-îë- - Ω -í E/ êu ÅA-C -í F, Éü l Ω ËÍ y- Ω- ûë Á ü ô Åüµ u-èπ~ - ËCéπ O ü èπ œ - L. Åçü èπ É «îá Òpîª a: I now have the pleasure of inviting up the dais Sri/ Smt... who will preside over the function/ meeting. So and so will accompany him/ her to the dais. Accompany- Åé ç- æe ûóúø úøç. c) President ûª yûª Chief guest Ç ûª yûª ÉçÈé- - ΩØ o ËCéπ O ü èπ Lq Öçõ JF ËCéπ O ü èπ Ç æ y-e ƒhç. Å ûë I now invite, I now invite ÅE äíé- -C-J -NÆæ í éπ-líí Nüµ çí ö«x-úø-èπ çú, é Ææh - ÁÈ j-öãí Öçúøôç î ««í ç-ô çc. Ééπ\úË MC (Emcee) íì æp-ûª ç ûá -Ææ hçc Å «- ÁÈ j-öãí Öçú - çõ, Å æ p-úø- æ púø çü Ω practice îëææ -èπ o ô é èπ çú, Å æp-öà-éπ- æ púø (without preparation) ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ- Ωçí ö«x-úøí LT Öçú L. DEØË extemporizing Åçö«Ω. É «ÖçúÌîª a 1) I invite... 2) It's now my pleasure to invite... 3) I feel it a great honour to invite... 4) Sri/ Smt... will now do us the honour of being present on the dais. 5) Now sri/ smt... will grace the dais with his/ her presence on the stage. É «îá æ pèπ çô Á Ôxîª a.  j îá œp- N -Ø èπ vûª Ë Ææçü - Ós -*-ûªçí MC (Emcee) ûª Ü æ - éàh (imagination)ûó, é a-ûª - ΩuçûÓ à - Ø îá æp- îª a. a) Åçü Ω ÇÆ - - -ߪ uéπ Garlanding/ Giving bouquets - Ëߪ úøç/ æ æp-í -î a - L- yúøç. ÉC È çúø Nüµ - í îëßá îª a. 1) äéó\- uéãh stage O ü èπ í ØË Çߪ / Ç Á èπ É yúøç. 2) Åçü Ω stage O ü èπÿ Ω a o ûª yûª Åçü Jéà äíé- ƒj É yúøç á -È - -JéÀ á Ω É y apple çüë Ææ -èπ E, J Ê Ωx œ - úøç... so and so ( æ «-Ø - Ÿx) will garland so and so ( æ «-E- - x ) present a bouquet ( Íé)to so and so. b) Åçû Å ûª yûª ƒ - uçí Ææ µº ñappleua ÁL-Tç-îª-úøçûÓ (lighting of the lamp) ûó v ƒ Ωç- µº- - ûª çc. MC ÅC announce îë ƒh Ω. Ç ûª yûª v ƒ Ωn (prayer) îë ƒh Ω. Ééπ\úø, May I request all the gathering to stand in silence as the prayer song is sung Åçö«ç. (Prayer î «èπ x æhçí Öçúøôç ç*c È çúø, úø EN - ƒ- èπ N çîªèπ çú ) Ééπ\úÕ ç* Ææ µ«é Ωu-véπ- èπ Çüµ u-éπ~ûª œ«ç-îë- Ω (President/ Chairperson) announce îëߪ ôç äéπ Ωéπç; MC ßË announce îëߪ úøç È çúó Nüµ ç. President announce îëêæ æü l -A apple Å ûë MC É «Åçö«Ω : I now request the president of the evening's function/ meeting to conduct the proceedings, ÅE, Programme sheet Çߪ / Ç Á èπ ÅçCç-îªúøç. MCßË continue îëêæ æü l -A apple c) Welcome address Öçô çc. ƒyí ûª îª- Ø ÉN á - Ω -Ø îá æp- îª a. Åçü JF v appleûª- -ûó-ææ æ ƒyí -Aç-îªúøç. d) Introduction of the President/ Chief Guest: Åüµ u-èπ~ / êu ÅA-C E Ææ µºèπ æjîªßª ç îëߪ úøç. ÉC Ææ µºèπ çü J Óñ J N - - ÊÆéπ-Jç*, á -J-ûÓ- - Ø æj-îªßª ç îë ç-îªúøç. Mr.../ Ms... so and so will now introduce the Chief Guest ÅüË éπuçûó ( ƒ - uçí æ öàd ûëd, ÆæyÆæn ç, Nü u, ÖüÓuí N -, ƒcµç-*- N É «çöà N - ). e) ûª yûª President/ Chief Guest's speech. MC, The President/ Chief Guest will now address the gathering/ will give his/ her valuable message/ will do us the honour of giving his/ her valuable message/ we shall now have the pleasure of listening to so and so ÅØË ô- ûó President/ Chief Guest Ö æø uææç Á ü  ôd-ú Eo v æéπ-öà- ƒh Ω. f) É «áçûª- çc ö«x-úõûë, Åçûª- ç-cf æj-îªßª ç îëæœ JûÓ ö«xúõç-* ûª yûª presentation of Mementos (ñ«c œéπ ) É yúøç. MC É «ÅØÌîª a. Sri... so and so/ Smt... so and so will do us the favour of accepting this small memento (- Á çöapple) from us/ a small token (í Ω h) of our gratitude for his/ her presence this evening. Ñ mementosèπ çü prize distribution ( æ - -ûª v æü ç) ÖçúÌîª a. Our students will now have the honour of receiving prizes form Mr./ Ms... g) Ææ µº ü ü æ T-Æœ- õ x É æ púø, Vote of thanks - çü -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù 517 Ææ - Ωpù Ææ µºèπ NîËa-Æœ êu ÅA-ü - èπ / Åüµ uéπ~ûª œ«ç-*- - - JûÓ Á ü - - öàd, Ææ µº ïߪ - v æü ç îëæœ- ç-ü èπ v appleûª- -ûó-ææ æ Åçü -Jéà thanks îá æp-úøçûó Ææ µº í -Ææ hçc. Ééπ\úø èπÿú on behalf of..., I thank so and so ( æ «-Ø - Ÿx), for such and such a thing ( æ «-Ø - -öàéà)... ÅE æüë- æüë I thank, I thank ÅE repeat îëߪ -èπ çú - ÁÈ j-öã éóææç Our All lay loads on a willing horse thanks are due to/ our thanks go to/ so and so deserve ( æ «-Ø - Ÿx, üµ u- -ü - èπ Å Ω ) our thanks/ we are grateful to so and so/ our gratitude to so and so for.../ a great thank you to... ÅE Tç-îª- îª a. í -Eéπ: The Chief guest/ so and so with his/ her auspicious hands give away the prizes (ûª Ÿ µº-éπ- Ω- Á i îëûª - ûó Ñ usage English apple ü. Åçü -éπe auspicious úø-éπ- Ú- úøç ç*c. Å «Íí ÆæØ t-eç-îªúøç ÅØË Å ΩnçûÓ felicitate ÅØË ô English apple ü. Honour Åçõ î. Felicitate úø-éπ- Ú- úøç ç*c. úøôç ÆæJ-é ü èπÿú. Å Ω -ü í felicitations ÅØË ô felicitations to you! ÅE, O èπ Ææ ê-ææç-ûó- ƒ éπ -í -í éπ! ÅØË Å ΩnçûÓ úìîª a; ÉC èπÿú é Ææh ƒçúõûªuç. ü E ü All happiness to you ÅE úìîª a. ÉN Ææ µº, Ææ - Ë-» v ƒ Ωç µºç, Tç æ E Ωy- æ«-ùèπ Ææç ç-cµç-* tips. JEo N - specific í àüájø Ææ µº Ü œ«ç-îª -èπ E, ô ûó- Ææ æ E Ωy- œ«ç-îª- - -Æœ Nüµ ç Ó Ææçü - Ωs ç apple ûá -Ææ -èπ çü ç. P.S. Reddy, Guntur Q. 'á æ p-úø- Ø Á ÊÆ- J O ü ØË Éçé Ææh µ«ωç æúø - ûª çc ÅE ÉçTx- ˇ apple îá æp-ú -EéÀ All lay loads on a willing horse Åçõ ÆæJ- Ú-ûª çü? A. Á ÊÆ J O ü ØË Éçé Ææh µ«ωç æúø -ûª çc = All lay loads on a willing horse - correct. N. Srinivas Rao, Nutakki (Guntur) Q. Verb 3, 4, 5 Ω ƒ í Jç* N - Ωçí ûál-ߪ - ñ -ߪ -í - Ω. A. Verb 3 Ω æç (III rd form) - Be form + Past Participle (PP) - Am/ is / are / was / were, * Ω be îëa shall be / should be / will be / would be etc., «çöàn, * Ω been îëa have been/ has been, shall have been, should have been «çöàn 'be' forms éπü. Verb III rd form apple Ñ be forms apple üëe-ûó- - Ø PP îëjêæh verb Å -ûª çc. Å æ p-úøc Passive Voice. He is seen here every day - verb - is (be form) + seen (PP of see) has been done ( has been - be form) + done (PP of do) ; should be taken (should be - be form) + taken (pp) -ÉN verbs of the III rd form. 4 Ω æç: Have/ has / had /shall have/ should have/ will have/ should have / would have / could have... É «have * Ω îëa--c -à-ü -Ø + Past Participle (PP) He has seen the book. They would have gone home, etc., 5 Ω æç: ÉN Doing words. ÉN úø 1) I st Regular Doing Word (I st RDW), 2) II nd Regular Doing Word (II nd RDW) and 3) Past Doing Word (PDW) OöÀéÀ Öü - æ«- Ω-ù : I st RDW II nd RDW PDW come comes came teach teaches taught sing sings sang talk talks talked like likes liked smell smells smelt OöÀ applex Ist RDW, I, we, you and they ûó II nd RDW, He, she, it ûó úøû ç. á.- œ.-âæö 2008 «çííyñ æçúõö wõ jeçí éó q apple v æ Ë-»-EéÀ E Ωy- œ«çîë á.- œ.-âæö 2008 ØÓöÀ- œ-íé- æø Núø -ü - jçc. Nü u- Ω -ûª : 1.ûÁ í æçúõö :G.á. (ûá í Lô-Í -îª ), ü G.á.(-ã-J-ßÁ ç-ô «çííy-ñ -ûá- í ) ü ûá í äéπ Ç æ{- Ææ b-èπ dí àüájø úõvu ü áç.á.(-ûá- í ). 2. œ«çd æçúõö : œ«çd Ç æ{- - í úõvu ü áç.á.(- œ«çd) 3. Ö Ω l æçúõö : G.á. apple Ö Ω l ü áç.á. (Ö Ω l). ߪ Ææ : 2008 V j 1 Ø öàéà 19 Ææç -ûªq- EçúÕ Öçú L. í J æ d æj-n A ü. ü Ω-ë«Ææ h: ÅEo v æüµ Ú ƒd- -Ææ ü É ÊÆ Íéçvü applex Ω.150 îálxç* Òçü - îª a. æ Jh îëæœ Å œx-íé- æ- x ûª > «xèπ îáçc úájö ÂÆçô- Ωx apple Ææ -Jpç-î L. êu- Á i ûëd : 1. ü Ω-ë«-Ææ h Nvéπߪ ç: ç- Ω 6 ç* v ƒ Ωç µºç. 2. æ Jh-îË-Æœ ü Ω-ë«-Ææ h- æç æ-ú -EéÀ * J ûëd: ç- Ω 27 3.áçvôØ q õ Æˇd ûëd: úõâæç- 14 Éûª Ω N - - èπ ç- Ω 3 Ø öà -v æ- -ê - Ççí x -C- æ-va-éπ îª úìîª a. â.â.öà. ñ«2009 üë ç- applee v æ ê ÉçúÕ-ߪ Ø ÉØ -Æœd-ô uö Ç ˇ õ é (â.â.-öà)- apple áç.á-æˇæœ. v æ Ë-»-EéÀ E Ωy- œ«çîë áç.á-æˇæœ. ñ«(jam) v æéπô Á - -úõçc. Ñ ækéπ~ ü y â.â.-öà.- apple áç.á-æˇæœ./áç.á-æˇ- Æœ. - œ-â «-î.úõ. úø ußá úõvu v Úí - - ûó ƒô â.â.öà. Ω K\ apple úë x áç.æœ.á, áç.õ é. éó Ω q applex ÅúÕt- æ x Gµ- ƒh. É-ûª Ω -N- - èπ - Á- ÂÆj-ö

3 í Ω - Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 T. Siva, Nandikotkur. Q. Across, through; alone, lonely Ö æ-ßá -í Eo N -Jç-îªçúÕ. A. 1) Across = äéπ Áj æ ç* ÉçéÓ Áj æ - èπ Åúøfçí. He drew a line across the page - page èπ Åúøfçí Uûª U»úø. He walked across the street = Ó-úø fèπ äéπ Áj æ ç* ÉçéÓ Áj æ èπ úõ-î úø. áü - Ω í The bank is just across the road from my place = Bank ÉçöÀéÀ áü Ω -í ØË road Å -ûª -Öç-C. Å ûë Ééπ\úø Across from Åçö«ç. äéπ v æüë ç Á ûªhç - MS Subbalakshmi is acclaimed across the country as a great singer = üë ç Á ûªhç áç.áæˇ. Ææ s- -éà~ te íì æp í ߪ Eí éìe-ߪ -úø -ûª çc. The news has spread across the city = Ñ Ωh í Ωç Á ûªhç u œç-*çc. 2) Through = í çú, ü y She was looking through the key hole = = Ç Á û ç éπçûª í çú / appleç*/ ü y îª Ææ h ÖçC. b) He knew about it through his sister = x Åéπ\ ü y Åûªúø Ñ N æߪ ç ûá -Ææ - èπ -Ø oúø. 3) Alone, lonely; Alone = äéπ\í / äçô-jí ; lonely = äçô-jí. a) He alone knows the truth = Eïç ÅûªúÕéÀ äéπ\úõíé ûá Ææ. Ééπ\úø, alone ü lonely úøç. b) She felt alone = she felt lonely = Ç Á äçô- Jí / äçô-j-ûª- çûó «üµ - æ-úø -ûóçc. c) She lives alone in that home = Ç Éçöapplex Ç Á äéπ\ûë ÖçöappleçC. Ééπ\úø lonely ü. d) She is alone = äçô-jí ÖçöappleçC. She is lonely= Ç Á äçôjûª çûó «üµ - æ-úø - ûóçc. Q. To rule, to rule over üµ u ûëú N -D-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. To rule = à úøç. äéπ üë»eo, ñ«ueo, ƒv -ñ«ueo. To rule over = äéπ v ƒçûªç/ v æüë ç/ üë ç O ü ÇCµ- æûªuç îª «- ç-îªúøç. a) Asoka ruled Magadha = Å apple-èπ úø í üµ ñ«ueo ƒlç-î úø. b) Asoka ruled over a vast empire= Å apple-èπ úø N»- - Á i ƒv -ïuç O ü ÇCµ- æ-û ueo îª «- ç-î úø / ƒv -ñ«u-eéà ÇCµ- æûªuç œ«ç-î úø. Q. Fight with, fight against àßë Ææçü - s applex Ö æ-ßá -Tç-î L? vûª - ûó Ú -úø-ö«eo à E ߪ L? i) Fight against somebody = äéπ-jûó Ú úøôç/ ߪ ü l ç îëߪ úøç. a) Indians fought against the British for Independence. ( ƒyûªçv-ûªuç éóææç µ«ω-b-ߪ British JûÓ Ú -ú Ω.) b) India fought against Pakistan = µ«ωû, ƒé ûó Ú -úõçc/ ߪ ü l ç îëæœçc. ii) fight with = Cç-îªúøç/ ü - «-úø -éó- úøç. a) They fought with each other over/ about who should sit in the chair = á Ω èπ Ka apple èπÿ Óa- - ØË N æߪ ç O ü Ÿx ü - «-úø -èπ - Ø o Ω. b) He often argues with the teachers = Åûªúø ûª Ω-îª í teachers ûó C-Ææ hç-ö«úø. Q. Over, above, below, under Ö æ-ßá -í Eo N -Jç-îªçúÕ. A. Above, over = äéπ-ü -E- j ÅØË Å ΩnçûÓ È çúõç-öàf úìîª a. The Sun shone/ over the sea = Ææ Ω uúø Ææ vü ç O ü v æé Pçî úø. ( ûá í = Ææ vü ç O ü Ææ Ω uúõ Á í æúõçc) Å ûë He jumped over the fence ÅØË Åçö«ç; jumped above Å ç. Below = äéπ ü EéÀ «í éàçü / Cí -. a) There was a photo below the tube light on the wall = íóúø O C tube light èπ éàçü / Cí - ã photo ÖçC. b) He hid the box below the table = Ç Â õ d table éàçü ü î úø. under = äéπ-ü E éàçü Ñ Å ΩnçûÓ under, below äéπ\õ. Å ûëunder Åçõ äéπ-ü E éàçü ØË His certificate lay under the book on the table = ÅûªúÕ certificate Ç table O C Ç æ Ææhéπç éàçüë ÖçC. P. Ramakrishna, Vijayawada. Q. Ñ üµ u é ç apple (ûá -í apple Ö-î a- Ω-ùûÓ èπÿúõ ) ÉçTx-- ˇ - ûá- í úõéπ{- -K- î «çc ægx-íé- æø q E y- æ«-èπ Núø -ü îë» Ω. A Åéπ~- ΩçûÓ îëa ô Öî a-- Ωù äéπ úõéπ{- -K apple äéπnüµ çí Ó úõéπ{- -K apple äéπ Nüµ çí ÖçC. È çúø úõéπ{- -K- apple É*a æü - - Ö--î a- Ω-ù É «Ö-Ø o. OöÀ apple àc ÆæÈ j Ö-î a- ΩùÓ îá æpçúõ? Aback = á «é ; Aback = Å «é Abandon = á «ç-úøø Abandon = Å «ç-úøø Abate = á ö Abide = á jú Abate = Å ö Abide = Å jú Ablaze = á xñ Ablaze = Å xñ Abode = á appleú Abode = Å appleú A. Viayawada Emesco Publication dictionary apple Ææ *ç-* pronunciations correct. È ç-úó-c ÆæJ-é ü. Aback, Abandon, Abate, Abide, Ablaze, Abode - OôEoçöÀ apple 'A' 'Å «æ -é -L, ü E ûª yûª îëa 'b' «leo ØÌéÀ\ æ -èπ û ç. eg: above =Å ' 'Å lç N-F N - æ-úø-èπ çú ' lç áèπ \- í ØÌéÀ\ æ -èπ û ç. M Rangaiah, Yellandu. Q. éàçc tense Ö æ-ßá -í Eo Öü - æ«- Ω-ù- ûó -ûá- æç-úõ. Present Perfect á æ p-úø - -ú -L?- A. Present Perfect(form of the verb, I/ we/ you/ they have + Past participle; He/ she/ it + has + Past Participle (PP) - Have gone, has seen etc. We use this tense for a past action, time not stated - í ûªç apple ïj-t N æߪ ç, ïj-t time ûá-l-ߪ - æ p-úø. They have seen that movie = Ÿx Ç ÆœE  Ω í ûªç apple; á æ púø ÅØËC îá æpúøç ü. Q. Past Tense -á- «- -ú -L? A. í ûªç apple ïj-t N æߪ ç, á æ púø ïj-tçc ÅE îá œp æ púø Past simple tense (Past doing word - saw, went, gave, etc) úøû ç. They saw the movie yesterday = Ÿx E o ÆœE  Ω. -- -JéÌ-Eo -îª -úøç-úõ. a) He has taken my book (has taken - present perfect - Åûªúø Ø æ Ææhéπç BÆæ -èπ -Ø oúø í ûªç, Å ûë, í ûªç apple á æ púø ÅØËC îá æp- ü ) b) He took my book last night - (took - past simple tense) - Åûªúø E o Ø æ Ææhéπç BÆæ - èπ -Ø oúø. (E o ÅE time ûá - æ -ûª Ø oç) Look at the following too: a) He has passed intermediate (Past - time not stated) b) He passed intermediate in 2007 = Åûªúø 2007 apple Inter ƒæˇ Åߪ uúø time ûál-æœ í ûªç. Q. Past Perfect Tense -Ö æ---ßá í ç... A Past Perfect Tense - verb form - Had + Past Participle (PP) for the 1st of 2 or more past actions - í ûªç apple ïj-t È çúø N æ-ߪ applex çü J N æ-ߪ Eo had + pp - past perfect apple îá û ç. a) I went to his place yesterday at 4, by then he had gone out = E o ØË ÅûªúÕ ÉçöÀéÀ 4 í çô- èπ Á «x. Å æp-öàíé Åûªúø ߪ ôèπ ÁRx- Ú-ߪ úø È çúø N æ-ߪ -L-éπ\úø 1) ØË ÅûªúÕ ÉçöÀéÀ Á xúøç He alone knows the truth 2) Åûªúø ߪ ôèπ ÁRx- Ú- úøç. È ç-úø past. -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù Å ûë Åûªúø 518 ÁRx Ú úøç çü ïj-tçc. é öàd had gone (had + pp - past perfect) ú ç. b) I came to know that he had cheated me = o Åûªúø Á Ææç îë»-úøe ØË ûá -Ææ -èπ -Ø o È çúø í ûªç Å ûë Á Ææç îëߪ -úøç çü, Åçü - éπe had cheated (had + pp - past perfect). K. Rama Rao, Poluru (Prakasam). Q. I am not a teacher èπ am I éπè é d? áçü -éπe? A. I am not a teacher èπ question tag 'am I?' is correct. éàçc öàéà Question tag ûá - æçúõ. Q. I am a teacher. A. I am a teacher, aren't I? Q. I am lucky. A. I am lucky, aren't I? Q. I am young. A. I am young, aren't I? Q. I am not a teacher. A. I am not a teacher, am I? Q. I am not hungry. A. I am not hungry, am I? Q. I am not a boy, am I? A. I am not young, am I? M.A.K.Chakravarthi, Nadakuduru (East Godavari) Q. Ωg-N éà Fool Moon Å úøç éπè -ÍédØ? ÅÆæ Ææ üµ ç Full Moon Å -èπ ç-ô Ø oç.è ç-úõç-öà- apple -à-c éπè èπ d? - A. Full Moon Å úøç correct. Fool moon Åîª a- ûª æ p. Q. Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences í Jç* îá æpçúõ. A. 1) a) A clause: A group of words with a verb eg: If she comes here,... b) A main clause: A clause with complete meaning eg: She knows me = Ç Á èπ ØË ûá Ææ. meaning complete. c) A subordinate clause eg: A clause without complete meaning eg: When he went there = Åûª- -éπ\úõ ÁRx- - æ púø Å Ωnç æ Ωh- - ü. (O èπ 6 forms of verbs í Ω h-ø o éπü ) Imp: The number of clauses in a sentence = the number of verbs in the sentence. He knows that I am here - Ñ sentence apple È çúø verbs ÖØ o knows, am é öàd Ñ sentence apple 2 clauses -1) He knows 2) That I am here. a) Simple sentence - A simple sentence has only one main clause. It may have a phrase = a group of words without a verb. eg: He bought a big car - Ñ sentence apple äíé verb ÖçC bought. é öàd Éçü apple äíé clause - He bought a big car - Ééπ\úø meaning complete é öàd ÉüË main clause - ÉüË sentence - Åçü -éπe ÉC simple sentence. b) Complex sentence: A sentence with one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Åçõ Åçü apple äéπöà éπçõ áèπ \ verbs Öçú L. áçü -éπçõ äéπ sentence apple áeo verbs Öçõ ÅEo clauses é öàd. eg: The car which he bought is big. Ééπ\úø bought äéπ verb, is È çúó verb. Åçü -éπe Éçü apple È çúø clauses: 1) The car which he bought = Åûªúø éì o car - Meaning not complete subordinate clause. 2) (The car) is big -  ü lc meaning complete - subordinate clause. é öàd The car which he bought is big, complex sentence. c) Compound sentence: A sentence with two or more main clauses. Åçõ Éçü apple èπÿú È çúø / áèπ \ verbs Öçú - - o- ô. ÅEo calusesèπÿ æ Jh Å Ωnç Öçú L. eg: He bought a car and it is big. i) He bought a car - Åûªúø car éìø oúø meaning complete - main clause ii) And it is big = ÅC  ü lc main clause. É «äéπ type of sentence N í û two types of sentences í Ωa- îª a. éìeo standard forms of transformation ÖØ o. öàe îª ÊÆ çü, Ñ æü ç Å Ωnç ûá -Ææ - èπ çü ç. Inspite of/ despite = Å - - æp-öàéã ÉC ÊÆh simple sentence. Though/ although/ even though = Å æpöàéã ÉC ÊÆh complex. But/ yet/ and yet = / é F/ Å ûë/ Å - - æpöàéã ÉN ÊÆh compound. Inspite of his bad health, he works hard = ÅûªúÕ Ç Óí uç «í ç-úø- - æp-öàéã, Åûªúø éπ æ d- æúõ æeîë- ƒhúø. Verb - works - only one - so only one clause - simple sentence. Though/ although/ even though his health is bad, he works hard. D Ωnç,  j sentence Å Ωnç äéπõ. Verbs -1) is 2) works. Though his health is bad - subordinate clause - sentence - complex. His health is bad, but/ yet/ and yet he works hard = ÅüË Å Ωnç ÅûªúÕ Ç Óí uç «í ç-úøü. é F/ Å ûë Åûªúø éπ æ d- æúõ æe-îë- ƒhúø.his health is bad - one main clause But/ yet/ and yet - second main clause.so - this is a compound sentence. Simple, compound, complex - OöÀE äéπ Ωéπç ç* ÉçéÓ Ωé -EéÀ Í aç-ü èπ standard convertions ÖØ o. ÉçéÓ N æߪ ç i) Infinitive (to go, to come, to dance, etc), ii)...ing form (going, coming, singing, having, etc) and iii) past participle (gone, seen, sung, given, etc) verbs é. Åçü - x ÉN Ö o groups of words, clauses é.

4 - çí - - Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 Ch.V.Satyanarayana, Ravikampadu (W.G.Dt.) Q. Please clarify the following doubts. Suggestion - Advice á æ p-úá- æ púø ú L? A. Suggestion Åçõ Ææ îª. Advice = Ææ æ suggestion, advice Åçûª strong é ü. a) Go ahead and buy that house; that's my advice to you = é E y. Ç É- x- éìøëß. ÅC Ø Ææ æ. ÉC äéπ- æe îëߪ - E/ îëßá -ü le í öàdí îá æpúøç (advice äéπj E Ωgߪ Eo v æ μ«-nûªç îëßá îª a) b) How about buying that house? Why don't you buy it? Just think over it= Ç É x éìøìîëa Á îª úø. éì -èπÿ-úøüδ? ÉC suggestion (Ææ îª ) éìçõ á «Öçô çüó îª úø, ÅE E Ωg-ߪ Eo JÍé C- -ߪ úøç. Q. Rather, Rather than Åçõ Å Ωnç àn öà? á «ú L? A. Ratherèπ Rather than èπÿ Ææç çüμ ç ü. Rather = ( èπ îªae N æߪ ç). é Ææh áèπ \ Ë ÅØË μ«ç. a) The movie is rather boring = Ç ÆœE é Ææh NÆæ Íí. b) The place is rather distant = Ç v æüë ç é Ææh ü Ω Ë. Rather than - äéπ-üδ-e-éπçõ ÚL-éπ ûál-ê ç-ü èπ úøû ç. Rather than take the trouble of going to the cinema, I'd like to sit at home and watch the TV = Cinema hall Èé Ïx v æ-úø-ôç éπçõ Éçöapplex èπÿ Ω ae TV îª úøö«-eíé É æ d- æ-úøû. He would rather die than tell a lie = î -ØÁjØ îª ƒh-úø -í E, Å ü l ç vûªç îá æpúø. Q. Home - House á «Ö æ-ßá -Tçî L? A. Home- ç - èπ ô ç Ææ μº u- ûó E -ÆœçîË É x home. At home = Éçöapplex Åçõ á -JE í Jç* ö«x-úø -ûª -Ø o Á x É x Å o ô. My home, his home, etc Å - -Ææ Ωç. a) He went home = Åûªúø Rxç-öÀéÀ ÁRx- Ú-ߪ úø b) I left my cell at home = Ø cell ( ) Éçöapplex J-*- Ú-ߪ. House = E -Æœç-îËç-ü èπ æe-éìîëa à É x Ø. These houses were built a century ago = Ñ É Ÿx û lç Ø öàn. Q. Indirect speech appleéà Í a-ô- æ púø Direct speech apple-e go ÅØË verb, Indirect speech apple come í Ω -ûª çc. à Ææçü - Ωs ç apple É «ï Ω - í -ûª çc? á æ púø ï Ωí ü? A. Direct ç* Indirect èπ Ja- - æ p-úø «x come, go Å - -éπ\-í xü. Go á æ púø èπÿú come Å ü. Go, go í ØË Öçô çc. Tense Ωúøç ûª æp. Å neo öàd come, go Å Ìyîª a, ÅD Å æ púø- æ púë. ÅçûË-í F, come *a æ púø «x go Å y- E ü. Ééπ\úø Å Ωnç êuç grammar rule é ü. eg: Direct speech: ''she told the beggar to go away,'' said he to me. Indirect speech: He told me that she had told the beggar to go away. áéπ\ú go, come Å yü. Come Å Ωnç éóææç î «Å Ω -ü í go í Ω ƒhç. eg: Direct speech: ''come here,'' he said to the child. Indirect speech: He told the child to go there. É «Ωaúøç Å Ωnç éóææ Ë. To come there ÅE English apple Å ç éπüδ. To go there ÅØË Åçö«ç. ÅC í -Eç-î -Lq N æߪ ç. Meaning is always more important than any grammar rule. Q. Illegal - lawless - illegitimate- üμ u ûëú àn öà? á «ú L? Dictionaries apple OöÀ Å Ωnç äíé «Öç-öappleç-C. A. Illegal= îªôdç ä æ p-éó-ec Lawless = 1) îªôdç Å - -é E v æüë-» Åéπ\úø îªö«d æe-îë-ߪ, Åéπ\úÕ v æï îªö«deo ÅÆæ éπ\-îëߪ Ω. 2) îªôdç Åçõ éπ~uç- E. Group clashes are common there, as it is a lawless area= îªôdç æe-îë-ߪ E îóôc, Åçü -éπe Ω_ Ææç æ - Ω{-ù Åéπ\úø ƒüμδ- Ωùç. (Lawless roads = îªôd æj- Ω-éπ~-ù- E, üδj üó œ Ÿx, æ«ûªu áèπ \- í ïjíí Ω æ«-üδ Ω x) Illegitimate = Ææ ïç éπô d- «-ôxèπ N Ω -ü l - Á i An illegitimate child = N -Ê «-ûª Ω Ææç çüμ ç x æ öàd Gúøf. Q. How to express the following dialogues in English. á) îª úø-èπ çú ߪ çúõ. G) í ç@ Ÿx Bߪ çúõ. Æœ) çí E îªü - çúõ. úõ) íóúø-èπ Ka Ëߪ çúõ. A. They are not 'dialogues', but only sentences. A dialogue means a conversation. a) Write without seeing/ from memory. b) do sit - ups. c) Bend and read. d) Lean against the wall with bent knees. Q. He comes on time éπè -ÍédØ? üδ He comes in time éπè é d? A. In time = Time èπ é Ææh çü *a ready í Öçúøôç. On time = Time èπ ÆæJí _. P. Balu, Siddipet(Medak) Q. English ÆæúÁ-Ø í Ö æ-ßá -Tç-î - çõ î «éπ æ dçí ÖçöappleçC? Ω_ç àn öà? English - çõ Á ü ô àn ØË Ω a-éó- L? Tense, Articles, Prepositions apple ËöÀE Ææ - Ωnçí ØË Ω a-èπ çõ éπfææç 50»ûªç ö«x-úø-í - -í û ç? ÉçTx ˇ ØË Ω aéó- -ú -EéÀ ç* æ Ææh-é - çõ îá æpçúõ. A. O Ω ö«x-ú - - -èπ çõ îëߪ -Lq æ-øë-n -ôç-õ Ω èπ èπ çú, ûª æ p îë ƒh- Ë Á ÅØË μºßª ç èπ çú ö«x-úë-ߪ -ô Ë. Å «Çûªt N»y-ÆæçûÓ ö«x-úø -ûª çõ èπ ûál-ߪ -èπ ç-ú ØË improve Å -ûª çc. English newspaper Å Ωnç Å Ø, é éπ- Ú- Ø îªü - úøç î «êuç. * o * o story books in English îªü - ûª Öçúøôç èπÿú Ææ æ -ߪ - æ-úø -ûª çc. P.MuktheswaraRao,Gurajala (Guntur). Q. Please clarify my doubts. We use 'ing' form for some perceptional verbs. But it take an other meaning. We called these verbs as Emotional verbs. Now would you please tell me how many Emotional verbs are there in English and explain me all of these Emotional verbs. A. Like, dislike, love, hate, hope, wish, want, envy, etc., these verbs express feelings. Q. What is the difference among below sentences. a) We go to Madras for summer. b) We are going to Madras for summer. c) We are going to go to Madras for summer. A. i) We go to Madras for summer = We go to Madras every summer. ii) We are going to Madras for summer = We are going in the coming summer iii) We are going to go to Madras for summer = Very soon we are starting for Madras to be there in summer. T.Bhaskar, Mandapeta. I have some doubts in English, explain me. Q. vê N ÊÆh, üëy œêæh, AúÕûË, éìúõûë, vê Á iûë, ƒy Ωn- Á iûë É «çöà æüδ- English apple á «îá ƒpl? give + able = givable, giveèπ, able add îëߪ úøç üδy ûá -í apple àn-üμ çí Å Ωnç îëææ -éó- îª a. Lovable, forgivable æüδ- N -Jç-îªçúÕ. A. vê N ÊÆh= If/ when we love üëy œêæh = If/ when we hate -Ççí x- μ«- æ-ù 519 AúÕûË = If/ when we scold éìúõûë = If/ when we beat vê Á iûë = If there is love ƒy Ωn- - ûë = If there is selfishness/ If we are selfish able îëjêæh ûªt giveable / giveable = É y--ü -T lovable = vê N ç-îª-ü -T forgivable = éπ~n ç-îª-ü -T X unforgivable = éπ~n ç-îª- E Q. éàçc é u- ÉçTx- ˇ apple ûá - æçúõ. Ææ Ω uúø ûª Ω pøë áçü èπ Öü - - ƒhúø? æúø- - Ω Öü - ç-îª-èπÿ-úøüδ? A. The sun rises only in the east, why not in the west?/ The sun rises only in the east, but not in the west, why? Q. éàçc ÉçTx ˇ é u- èπ ûá í ûá - æçúõ. A. É- -Fo ƒ Á --ûª (proverbs) Casts and dogs. Cats and dogs = ïúõ- èπ Ω - ÚhçC ÅØË Å ΩnçûÓ, It's raining cats and dogs Åçö«ç. Make lay while the sun shines. Make lay while the sun shines = áçúø Ö o æ púë, í úõf áçúëææ éó- -L / áçúø- -ô d-éó- L ûá -í apple 'D æç Öçúø-í ØË É x îªéπ\-â -ô d-éó- L éà Ææ ç. Slow and study wins the race. Slow and steady wins the race = EüΔ ç, E -éπúø Ö o- Ïx æçüáç- apple Èí - ƒh Ω. ûá í ƒ Á ûª EüΔ- Ë v æüμδ ç. Haste makes waste Haste makes waste = ûìçü - Ω- ƒô x æ d Ë. Sweet are the uses of adversity. Sweet are the uses of adversity = éπ ƒd Ö æßá í ç Bߪ í Öçô çc = éπ ƒd x èπÿú Ë éπ -í -ûª çc. The crown and glory of life is -EéÀ apple μº èπÿí ac Q Ë. Prevention is better than cure. ucμ *a ûª yûª ߪ ç îëêæç-ü -éπçõ, èπ çú Ç æúøç/ E -Jç-îªúøç ç*c. îáúø ïjt ûª yûª æl-û - áü - Ì\ØË éπçõ îáúø ï Ω-í èπ ç-ú îª úøôç Á Ω í. A friend indeed is a friend in deed. Correct form of the proverb:a friend in need, is a friend indeed = Å Ææ- Ωç apple Çü -èπ ØË N vûª úë ÅÆæ- j N vûª úø. indeed = Eïç. Every man is the architect of his own future. -Every man is the architect of his own destiny = á J éπ Ωtèπ Í «üμ u. Uses: Politicians believe in making lay while the sun shines = D æç Öçúø-í ØË É x îªéπ\ ô déó ØË -N- æ-ߪ -Eo -ïéã-ߪ -Ø -ߪ èπ tû Ω. So they make money while in power = -Åç-ü éπ-e -Å-Cμé Ωç -Ö- o æ p-úë, -Åç-C- ç-ûª Ææç- ƒcç-îª èπ ç-ö«ω. A. Sridhar,Kadapa. Q. éàçc æüδ- ûá -í apple N -Jç-îª-í - Ω. Floor birds The crown and glor y of life is character Floor birds ÅØË ô ü. Floor board = îáéπ\ûó îëæœ ØË Horror stricken μºßª -v μ«ç-ûª - - úøç We were horror stricken at the sight of the man killing his wife. Commercial aspects u ƒ Ω/ ùàïu Åç» Ææ h- marketing «çöàn. Universal appeal Åçü JF Çéπ-J{çîË/ Åçü -Jéà ÇÆæéÀh éπl-tçîë The story of the Ramayanam has a universal appeal. Exposure 1) áçúø,, í L ûªt- ô x Ç Ω ßª ô Öçúøôç, Öçîªúøç. Because of exposure to the sun, the door is cracking = áçúø ûªt- -ô xç-úøôç x, ûª - æ apple æí - Ôx-î a. 2) àüájø Å - μº ßË u æj-æœna. Exposure to American culture has improved her English = Å Á -J-éπØ ÆæçÆæ\%A Å - μº ç x Ç Á English «í %Cl îáçcçc. 3) Eïç ôd- -ߪ îëߪ úøç: The paper's exposure of the scams of the ministers has made it the enemy of the govt = çvûª èπ ç μº-éó-ù«- - ߪ -ô-â -ôdúøç x v æ μº -û y-eéà ævaéπ vûª -- ÁjçC. Holding hands îëûª æô d-éó- úøç. Shut out äéπ v æüë- ç appleéà F-ߪ -èπ çú îëߪ úøç/ à N æ-ߪ - E-ÈéjØ ü Ωçí Öçîªúøç. a) The Dalits in the olden days were shut out of temples = í ûªç apple ü R-ûª - í x- applexéà E-îËa Ω é ü. b) Eversince he leaked out my secrets, I have been shutting him out of my thoughts = Ø Ω æ«- ƒu- Åûªúø ߪ ô  öàd- - æpöà ç*, Ø Ç apple-îª- èπ Åûª-úÕE ü Ωçí Öçîª -ûª -Ø o / ÅûªúÕéÀ Ø Ç apple-îª- îá æpúøç ü. Go up 1) üμ Ω- «xç-öàn  Ω-í úøç. 2) áü í úøç He is going up the social ladder very fast = Ææ ïç EîÁa- apple  jéà ÁRx- Ú-ûª -Ø oúø = Ææ ïç apple ÅûªúÕ ÆœnA/ ÅûªE ƒ ->éπ ÆœnA «í áü - í -ûóçc. 3) Theatres apple ûá Ω úøç.

5 í Ω - Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 Nishant: What I am saying is serious. What are you playing at? Why don't you listen? (ØË îáê pc êu- Á i N æߪ ç. Ëyç îëææ h-ø o? N - ËçöÀ?) Nischal: Don't hit the roof, buddy. I'm listening. Go ahead. (Åçûª-éÓ- æp-úøèπ, N vûª. ØË - Nç-ô Ø o. é E-ß.) Nishant: Sobhith is coming to town tomorrow. He is an outstanding player of the guitar. He is performing at the Rotary auditorium tomorrow. (Í æ applegµû Ü applexéà Ææ hø oúø. Åûªúø íì æp Tö«( ) ü u-é - Ω úø. Rotary v ƒçí -ùç apple éπîëk îëߪ - apple-ûª -Ø oúø.) Nischal: So what? (Å ûë?) Nishant: You know we went to school together. Let's meet him and ask him over to dinner. ( Ë ç Éü l Ωç äíé Ææ \ applex îªü - èπ Ø oç. ÅûªúÕE ç éπlæœ dinner èπ œ ü lç.) Nischal: But why? (áçü -éà-ü çû?) Nishant: We shall put across to him the idea of our starting a music school. We can ask him to give lessons once or twice a week in our school. ( ç ÆæçUûªç ƒ Ω-» start îëêæ N æߪ ç Åûª-úÕéÀ îá œp -E-éÓ- Óñapple È çúø ÓV apple œ x- èπ ÆæçUûªç ØË Ωp E Åúø-íÌîª a) Nischal: But isn't he very busy? He must be tied down with his own programmes. (é F Åûªúø î «BJéπ èπ çú Öçö«úø éπ-ü? ÅûªúÕ programmes ÅûªúÕéÀ ÆæJ- Ú-û éπü?) Nishant: He can't turn me down. We are that close. ( o é ü - - úø úø. Ë çûª ÆæEo- œ«- ûª ç.) Nischal: OK. Put forward the idea to him and see what he saying. A trial costs nothing. I'm with you. (-Å-ûªúÕ-éπC îá œp îª úø à ç-ö«úó. v æߪ - Aoç-îªúøç x ÚßË üëç ü. ØË FûÓ àéã- µº-n-ææ hø o.) Nishant: Dad's trying to talk me out of the music school idea but I am going to keep at it. ( Ø o music school  öôd-ü le îªa îáê pç-ü èπ v æߪ -Ao-Ææ h-ø oúø. é F Ø Íé Á  ö«d- E ÖçC.) Nischal: What kind of guy is this Sobhit. (Ñ applegµû á «ç-öà- úø?) Nishant: Quite nice. The only trouble is he shows off when girls are around. But when it comes to playing the guitar, he stands out from the other guitarists. ( ç*- úë. é F *éπ\- «x æéπ\ Å t- - çõ áîª a- - Ú-û úø. -T-ö«-N- æ-ߪ ç- apple- ØÁj-ûË, N í û Tö«-J-Ææ d- N ç*- Ú-û úø.) Nischal: Don't I know that? I have a CD or two of his. (ÅC Ø èπ ûál-ߪ ü? ÅûªúÕ CD äéπöapple È çúó Ø ü í _ Ω ÖØ o.) Nishant: Well, I must be going. See you in the evening. (ÆæÍ, ØË Á «xl æ púø. ƒßª çvûªç éπ ü lç.) Åçü -Jéà ŠΩn- ßË u Nüµ çí ö«x-úëç-ü èπ O í éìeo éìeo expressions ÖØ o. ÉN Spoken English î «Ææ Ω- çí, Ææ æ«-ïçí ÖçúËô x îë ƒh. Å «çöàn éìeo É æ púø îª ü lç. Look at the following sentences: 1) What are you playing at? 2) He is an outstanding player of the guitar. 3) We went to school together. 4) We shall put across to him the idea. 5) He must be tied down with his own programmes. 6) Put forward the idea. 7) Dad's trying to talk me out of the music school idea, but I am going keep at it. 8) The only thing is he shows off when girls are around. 9) He stands out from the other guitarists. 1) be playing at something = àüó îëææ h Öçúøôç (îëߪ -Lq æe é èπ çú ). ÉC î «Ö æßá -í -éπ- Ω- Á i expression. ç îáê pc N -èπ çú / îëߪ -Lq êu- Á i æe C- Æœ ÉçÍé-ü Ø o îëææ hø o, éó æçí, ÅÆæ- æ«- çí ÅØË ô. á æ púø 'be' form + ing form Ω æç- appleøë úøû ç. a) He was playing at something when the discussion was going on = Bv çí îª Ωa ï Ω -í -ûª çõ àüó îëææ h-ø o-úø-ûª, æöàdç-îª -éó-èπ çú. b) You are now asking me what he said? What's the idea? You were there, weren't you? What were you playing at when he was speaking? = ÅûªØËç îá ƒp-úøe É æ púø o Åúø í -ûª -Ø o? àçöà F Ææçí A? yéπ\-úø -Ø o éπü? Åûªúø ö«x-úø -ûª o æ púëç îëææ h-ø o? á - ΩØ o æ Ω-üµ u- çí ÖçúÕ ÅÆæ N æߪ ç O ü ü % œd Öçîª-éπ- ÚûË, É «çü -L ƒhç. O conversation apple practice îëߪ çúõ. 2) Outstanding = î «íì æp/ Åü s -ûª- Á i a) Sachin's 40 centuries in test cricket is an outstanding achievement = Test cricket apple Ææ*Ø éìöàd 40 ûª-é Åü s -ûª- Á i Nïߪ ç. b) In diagnosis this doctor is outstanding = Óí -E- l - Ω-ù apple Ñ doctor î «íì æp. diagnosis = Óí E l - Ωù. c) MS Subbulakshmi was an outstanding exponent of Karnatic Music = éπ g-ôéπ ÆæçU-ûªç apple áçáæˇ Ææ s- éà~ t íì æp ØÁj æ ùuç éπl-t-ø Á. Exponent = àüájø Ωçí ç apple íì æp ùàç æ / ØÁj æ ùuç Ö o- Ÿx. Ms Sobha Naidu is an exponent of Kuchipudi dance = apple µ«-ø -ߪ úø èπÿ*- æ úõ Ø ôuç apple ùàç æ Ö o ΩhéÀ. 3) Go to School/ College/ University together - Spoken English apple Classmate, Schoolmate, Collegemate (Ææ æ«nü ujn) -Å-ØË ô éπçõ Go to school/ college/ university together ÅØË ôøë áèπ \- í úø-û Ω. Å «Íí playmate ÅØË-ü Eéπçõ we played together ÅØË áèπ \- í Åçö«Ω. ÅçûË-é -èπ çú Spoken English apple I am/ He is a student Å úøç éπçõ I go/ He goes to school/ College ÅØË áèπ \- í Åçö«Ω. "What are your children" (O œ x ç îë ƒh Ω?) "One of them goes to school, and the other is doing B.Tech" (äéπ Ω Ææ \- èπ - Á- Ÿ-ûª -Ø o Ω, ÉçéÌ-éπ Ω B.Tech îëææ h-ø o Ω.) 4) To put across - àüájø N æߪ ç N -Jç-îªúøç, îªa-ñ Ê p v æߪ -ûªoç apple. a) I tried to put across the idea of starting a business, but dad wouldn't agree = àü Ø o u ƒ Ωç v ƒ Ωç-Gµ- ƒh- ØË Ç apple-îª Ø oèπ N -Jçî. é F Çߪ çü èπ ä æ p-éó- ü. b) He is a great teacher. He can put across even difficult things in a very easy manner She never shows off -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù 520 = Çߪ íì æp Teacher. ÅA éπ æ d- Á i N æߪ Eo èπÿú î «Ææ µºçí Å Ωn- -ßË uô x N -Jç-îªí - úø. c) Put this across to the minister. See what she says = Ñ N æߪ ç çvaéà N -Jçîª. àç îá -ûª çüó îª úø. 6) Put forward = v æa- ƒ-cç-îªúøç a) The minister put forward the idea that scarce items be sold through fair-price shops = éì Ωûªí Ö o Ææ h- - î éπ üµ Ω ü é -ù«ü y -Å-N tç-î - -E Çߪ v æa- ƒ-cç-î úø. b) Einstein put forward the theory of relativity = ƒê éπ~ Æœü l ç-û Eo âø Æ dø v æa- ƒ-cç-î úø. 5) Be tied down with/ tie somebody down = çd- - úøç/ çd îëߪ úøç. a) I want to go places, but my children's studies tie me down/ but I am tied down by my children's studies = àüó Ø -í Ÿx AJT - E éójéπ, é F œ x îªü - o éπöàd- æ-úë-ææ h-ø o. b) She wants to give up the job and practise dancing, but is tied down by family responsibilities = ÖüÓuí ç C- Æœ Ø ôuç ØË Ω a-éó- - - ç-ü - Á èπ é F èπ ô ç «üµ u-ûª-- Ç Á çd îëææ h-ø o. 7) Talk somebody out of something = - äéπ æ-e -îë-ßá -ü l-e îªa-ñ Ê p v æߪ ûªoç--/ - -J-ç-îª-úøç. a) I tried to talk him out of playing video games, and succeeded = Video games ØË-ߪ - E Åûª-úÕéÀ îªa-ñ Ê p v æߪ ûªoç îëæœ Epç-îª-í -L-í. b) The opposition is trying to talk the government out of acquiring land for SEZs, but it is going ahead = v æûëuéπ ÇJnéπ çúø- xèπ µº ÊÆ-éπ- Ωù ü le v æa- æ-é~ J-Ææ hø o v æ µº ûªyç çü -ÈéRx ÚûÓçC. 8) To show off = áîª a Ú úøç/ íì æp-- -îª æ-úøç. a) For a person of her ability she is quite modest. She never shows off = Ç Á -èπ o ƒ - nu-eéà Ç Á î - «Eí Jy. á æ púø íì æp -îª æü / áîª a- -èπ - Úü. b) Tendulkar never shows off for all his greatness as a batsman = Åçûª-íÌ æp batsman Å - - æp-öàéã õ ç-úø - \ á æ púø íì æp- èπ Úúø / áîª a Úúø. Å «íì æp îª œç-îª -èπ -ØË- - x 'a show-off' ÅE èπÿú Åçö«ç. a) He is a great actor, OK, but he is a bit of a show off = Åûªúø íì æp ô úë é F é Ææh áîª a- -èπ \- - Ú-ßË - úë. b) For the little talent he has, he is too much of a show off = Åûª-úÕ-èπ o v æa µ Á ûªèπ \, é F áîª a Á áèπ \. EXERCISE Practise the following in English Sasi: ç picnic èπ ÁRûË á «Öçô çc? Tara: áçü èπ Á x-èπÿ-úøü? Å ûë Ø o Åúøí L éπü? É «çöà öàéà Çߪ é Ææh ua- Í éπç. Sasi: N -Jç* îª úø (put across úøçúõ) Tara: éàçü -öà- ƒj Ø é -ߪ áçûª îá ƒpúó, Á Ôx-ü le. * JéÀ Çߪ o ä œpç-î. (Talk... out of úøçúõ) Sasi: cousin ïߪ èπÿú Ω te Å-úø -í -û. Ç Á college Á û heéà íì æp í -ߪ E. (outstanding úøçúõ) Tara: ûª èπ é Ææh áîª a èπÿú áèπ \- Ëí? (show off úøçúõ) Sasi: ÅC Eï Ë, Å ûë ÅC ûª æp î «ç*üë. Tara: Ë ç éπlæœ îªü - -èπ Ø oç school apple. O cousin Å - - æp-öàéã Ç Á í Jç* Ø èπ «í ûá Ææ. Sasi: OK. O Ø oûó ö«xúø. ANSWER Sasi: How about a picnic? Tara: Why not? But I've to ask dad. He isn't very much for such things. Sasi: Put it across to him and see what he says. Tara: Last time he tried a lot to talk me out of it. somehow I was able to pursuade him. Sasi: I will ask my cousin Jaya along too. She is an outstanding singer in the whole college. Tara: She is a bit of a show off too/ she shows off a bit too. Sasi: That's true. But for that she is very good. Tara: We went to school together. Though she is your cousin, I know her better. Sasi: OK. Talk to your father. A.Sridhar, Oripenta (Kadapa) Q. Promo preview Åçõ àn öà? A. Promo preview- Éçü apple promo, promotion èπ short form = äéπ Ææ h / ÊÆ Å téπç  çîëç-ü èπ îëêæ v æéπ-ô- (advertisement), êuçí pop music (Åüµ -Ø -ûª ÆæçUûªç) CD Å t-é Eo  çîëç-ü èπ. Preview = äéπ *vû Eo/ TV show, öà Núø -ü èπ çüë éìçûª- çc v æûëuéπ Ç æ y-e-ûª - èπ vûª Ë îª æúøç/ äéπ pop music CD E Núø -ü - èπ çüë, éìçûª çcéà v æü -Jzç-îªúøç, NE- œç-îªúøç. Promo preview = v æî Ωç éóææç ÖüËl-Pç-* CD/ Movie/ TV show ( êuçí Pop music èπ Ææç ç-cµç*) Núø -ü - èπ çü éìçûª- çc v æûëuéπ Ç æ y-e-ûª - èπ îª æúøç.

6 -Ç-C- Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 Madhu, Hyderabad. Q. I guess, I wonder, I am afraid á «Ö æ-ßá -Tç-î apple Öü - æ«- Ω-ù- ûó ûá - æí - Ω. A. I guess = Å -èπ ç-ô -Ø o / Ü œ«ç-îª -èπ ç-ô Ø o I wonder = ÆæçüË- æ«çí Öçúøôç 'Is your dad at home?' (O Ø o Éçöapplex ÖØ o?) 'I wonder' (ÆæçüË- æ«ë ) I wonder who is in = apple æ á - Ω -Ø o Ó (éπ*a-ûªçí îá æp- ) I'm afraid = I doubt = Ø èπ ÆæçüË- æ«ë. (àü - Ø îáúø N æߪ ç/ É æ dç- E N æߪ ç îáê pç-ü èπ úøû ç.) 'Has he passed? ( úø pass Åߪ uú?) 'I'm afraid no' ( ü - -èπ çö«pass Å - -ü E ûá Ææ, é E îáê pç-ü èπ ÆæçéÓîªç) 'Has he failed again?' (Åûªúø Sx fail Åߪ uú?) 'I'm afraid yes.' (Ç Å -èπ çö«fail Åߪ u-úøe ûálæœ, Ç N æߪ ç îá æpúøç É æ dç- éπ îáê p Nüµ ç.) Q. ØË Ç æe îëæœ ÖçúË- -úõe, Ç æe Ø ûó îëߪ - úõ ÖçúËC. ÅØË- -öàéà ÉçTx- ˇ apple á «îá ƒpl? A. ØË Ç æe-îëêæ ÖçúË úõe = I would have done the job. Ç æe Ø îëûª îëߪ - úõ ÖçúËC = The job would have been done by him. Q. I will say, I would say üµ u ûëú - Öü - æ«- Ω-ù- ûó N -Jç-îª-í - Ω. A. I will say = ØË îá -û, future apple. If he asks me about it, I will say I don't know anything about it = Åûªúø o Ç N æߪ ç ÅúÕ-TûË Ø Íéç ûálߪ -ü E îá û. I would say = èπ ÅE- œç-* N æߪ ç îáê pç-ü èπ, I would say... Åçö«ç. I would say that on any day he is better than his brother = àø -öà-éπ- Ø ÅûªúÕ ûª túõ éπçõ úë ߪ - E Åçö«/ ÅE Ø ÅGµ-v ƒßª ç. Q. What is the reason, what could be the reason üµ u ûëú àn öà? A. What is the reason? = é Ω-ù- Ë çöà? What could be the reason? = é Ωùç à Á i Öçô çü «s?! A. Penchalaiah, Rajampet Q. Voice apple I shall be writing a letter A letter shall be being written by me ÅE ßÁ î a? A. I shall be writing a letter - ÉC future continuous tense, perfect continuous tenses èπ Ææ vûª v æé Ωç passive form ÖØ o úø Ω. English usage apple ÅN. Å «Íí future continuous èπ èπÿú Ææ vûªç v æé Ωç, O Ω Ææ *ç-* passive form ÖØ o ÅC úø éπ apple ü. ÅC úøøë úø Ω. Q. I shall have eaten a mango A mango will have been eaten by me ÅØÌî a? éàçc öàe ûá - æ-í - Ω. shall : helping verb have : helping verb been : Ñ verb à çö«ω? eaten: main verb. been í Jç* N -Jç* àßë Ææçü - s applex Ö æ-ßá -T- ƒh Ó ûá - æçúõ. A. The mango will have been eaten by me- Éçü - applee verb- will have been eaten. Ñ verb apple will have been Á ûªhç, Helping verb; eaten - Main verb. 'been' èπ äçô-jí à Ö æ-ßá í ç ü. Have/ has/ had/ shall have/ should have/ will have/ would have etc., ûª yûª been ÊÆh be form Å -ûª çc. D. Seshanna, Adoni Q. Æœ. œ.-v Ø úõéπ{- -K apple words æéπ\ v.n., n.s., v.a ÅE Öçö«OöÀ Å Ωnç àn öà? Öü - æ«- Ω-ùèπ Relax (v.n), relaxation (n.s), to relax (v.a) A. CP Brown Dictionary î «Editions ÖØ o. ØË îª Æœ Edition apple O Ω -ü - æ«-jç-* abbreviations éπe œçîª ü. Ó Edition îª Æœ îáê pçü èπ v æߪ -Ao ƒhç. Q. Delexical verbs ÊÆh öàéà sentence apple Å Ωnç Öçúø-ü E îªc- (live, have, make, take, do hold, keep, set, gave) OöÀ apple à verb àßë Ææçü - s applex Ö æ-ßá -Tç-î apple ûá -Ææ -èπ -ØË-üÁ «? ÉNé -èπ çú êu- Á i delexical verbs Éçé à Á iø ÖØ oߪ? N -Jç-îªçúÕ. A. Delexical verbs Åçõ, v æûëuéπ Å Ωnç- E, éπu E t-ù«-eéà vûª Ë Ö æ--ßá -TçîË verbs. eg: I take a walk in the park- Ééπ\úø 'take' delexical verb Å -ûª çc. áçü -éπçõ I walk ÅØË ü, take a walk ÅE Åçö«ç. Å «Íí Just have a look at it - Ñ sentence apple 'have' èπÿú delexical verb. Don't make a habit of it apple make, Give it a push apple give, Do a favour apple do, É «çöà Fo delexical verbs - Å Ø English fluent í ö«x-úëç-ü èπ (Spoken English improvement èπ ) É «çöà technical N æ-ߪ ûá -Ææ -éó- -Lq Å -Ææ Ωç ü éπü? English «í ö«xúø-í --LÍí- - x-éà- Fo ûálߪ ü. ç -èπÿú ÅN ûál-ߪ -èπ ç-ú ØË «í ö«x-úø-í ç. É «çöà öàe æöàdç-îª -éó-éπçúõ. P.V. Ramanarao, Visakhapatnam Q. O Ì-éπ-îÓô since present perfect apple vûª Ë ú E îá œp äéπ\ Öü - æ«- Ωù vûª Ë Éî a Ω. Since present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect apple úìîª a éπü. 1. He has been ill since yesterday (present perfect) 2. She has been suffering since monday (present perfect continuous) 3. He had not seen her since yesterday (past perfect) A. Present Perfect apple vûª Ë since ú L ÅE îá æp- ü. Since *a- - æ púø present perfect ú L ÅE îá ƒpç. Åçõ Present Perfect Continuous apple úø-èπÿ-úø-ü E é ü éπü? Present perfect continuous apple èπÿú úìîª a. Past perfect two past actions Ö o- æ p-úø -í F, Ææçü - s -Eo- öàd äéπ past action çü J past action ÅE Ææ p Jç-*- - æ p-úø -í E úøû ç eg: Since their meeting last year, he had visited her just once before he left for the states = véàûªç Ææç -ûªq Ωç Ÿx éπ -Ææ -èπ o ûª yûª, Åûªúø US èπ Á Ïx- çü Ç Á äéπ- ƒí éπ -Ææ -èπ -Ø oúø. K. Sanjeeva, Kishanguda (R.R. Dist) Q. Somebody have dual character in the world. Ñ éπuç apple somebody 3rd person éπü, 3rd person èπ has L é F -ã applex have -Å-E -Öç-C éπè Íéd-Ø? A. Somebody á æ púø singular- he/ she éà ü úøû ç. Somebody have ÅE print ûª æ p- æúõ Öçô çc. Somebody has - correct. P. Srinivasa Rao, Pithapuram Q. I have got some doubts in English. Kindly clarify the same. 1. The English words for left hand writing and right hand writing and also both hands writing persons. A. No special words or expressions for left hand writing and right hand writing. Ambidextrons means capable of doing anything with both the hands. Q. Difference and usage of words admit, allow, permit. To o put the cart t before e the horse A. Admit = Agree, most unwillingly that something is true. "That was a mistake -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù 521 on my part, I admit." Allow: Agree that something is true or correct. "I allow that they have superior bating strength" Permit: This is formal, official and legal: Cell phones are not permitted on the campus. Q. What is the difference between cool and cold. A. Cool = Fairly cold but pleasant - cool breeze, cool shade, etc. Cold = having a temperature lower than the normal temperature and unpleasant. Q. Difference and use for advice and suggest. A. Advice = Telling a person that it will be good to do/ not to do something. Suggest = To offer an idea/ propose a plan for somebody to think and if they find it good, to put into action. Q. Difference and usage for excuse, pardon, apologise, forgive. A. Excuse - to forgive, pardon is more formal and concerns very serious things. Apologize= ask somebody to excuse - ask for forgiveness. Q. Difference and usage of meals and meal. A. Meal - singular, Meals- plural. Q. What is the difference between kill and murder, funeral and cremation. A. Kill - put an end to the life of any creature Murder - ending the life of a human being. Funeral = the religious ceremony followed for burying or cremating a dead person. bury = laying a dead person underground/ in their grave Cremation = the ceremony of burning a dead body. Q. Ææ*- - -ߪ ç apple éπq q È éã\. È éã\ spelling and meaning îá æpçúõ. A. Recce- Short form of reconnaissance - vûª -/ - -J ƒn- - í Jç* Ææ -î Ωç ÊÆéπ- Jç-îªúøç N Ø, - æfl ü y. Ææ*- - -ߪ ç apple È éà\ Ææ*- - -ߪ ç apple éπ~uçí  ô dèπ o uèπ h- / v æüë-»- í Jç-* Ææ -î Ωç ÊÆéπ-Jç-î - ΩE. Q. '36 foot Ganesh idol' ÅE äéπ éπuç apple ÖçC. Ééπ\úø 36 feet ÅØ L éπü. A. 36-foot Ganesh idol Å -úø Ë correct. Q. Difference and usage for idioms and phrases. A. Idioms - a group of words - Éçü - applee äéì\éπ\ ô Å n-eéã Á ûªhç Å n-eéã Ææç çüµ ç Öçúøü eg: Run short of = éì Ω-ûªí Öçúøôç. We are running short of time = èπ time ûªèπ \- í ÖçC/ ûªt_- ÚûÓçC.  Ω éπü? Ééπ\úø run Å n-eéã, short Å n-eéã run short of éπl- œûë îëa Å n-eéã Ææç ç-üµ ç- ü. Å «çöà expression - idiom. Phrase Åçõ a group of words. eg: Inspite of his wealth, because of his pride, etc. Q. 'AN t-è -éà\çc (é, îë ) Å -ú -EéÀ English apple ÆæÈ j æü ç ûá - æçúõ. A. benumbed = AN t-è -éπ\úøç. My legs are benumbed. Numbed ÅE èπÿú Åçö«ç. A numbing pain = AN t-è -éà\çîë/ Á ü l- «-J- Ú-ßË çûª «üµ. Q. Öü ߪ ç ç* éπ -Ææ -éó- -ü E éìçûª- çc ƒßª çvûªç Good Morning îá -û Ω. ÉC éπè -ÍédØ? A. é ü. ƒßª çvûªç Å ûë good evening ÅØË Åçö«ç. P. Srinivasarao, Pithapuram Q. Explain the kinds of conjunctions and their use. A. Coordinating conjunctions: But, yet, so, therefore, etc. Subordinating conjunctions: though, before, after, if, etc., N.V.Krishna Rao, Hyderabad. Q. Man booked for attacking Indians - Ñ é u- EéÀ Å Ωnç àn öà? A. µ«ωb-ߪ O ü ü úõ-îë-æœ- ç-ü èπ uéàh-o ü case Á ü. Q. Plaintiff, Defendant Ñ æü èπ Å Ωnç àn öà? Plaintiff = œ uü (court apple) îëêæ- Ω. Defendant = œ u-ü èπ í È j uéàh. A.Sridhar, Oripenta (Kadapa Dist) Q. To put the cart before the horse - -D-E-E -ûá- í - apple à çö«ω? A. ûª -éàç-ü îëߪ úøç (í v Ωç çü çúõ  ôdúøç) To start your meal with curds/ butter milk and not with curry or pappu is putting the cart before the horse = µappleï ç èπÿ Ω/ æ æ pûó v ƒ ΩçGµç-îª-èπ çú Â Ω í / >b-í ûó v ƒ ΩçGµçîªúøç. çü C Á é, Á -éπc çü îëߪ -úø Ë. Q. To play to the gallery - -Åç-õ -à-n -öà? A. v æï Çéπô d-èπ -ØËç-ü èπ áèπ \ çcéà É æ d Á i æ îëߪ úøç/ N æ-ߪ îá æpúøç, ÅN ç* Ø é éπ- Ú- Ø. The CM and the opposition leaders are only playing to the galleries by announcing welfare measures - CM, v æa- æ-é~ - - Ÿx ÆæçÍé~ æü -é v æéπ-öàç-îªúøç, v æï Çéπô déó- -úøç -éó-ææ Ë / áèπ \ çcéà É æ d Á i Nüµ çí úø -îª - éó- -úø Ë, ç<, îáúø í LéÀ C Æœ.

7 -- çí - - Ωç ç- Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 A. Sudhakar, Nizamabad Q. éàçc Adverbsèπ ûá -í apple Å Ωnç ûá - æ ûª Öü - æ«- Ω-ù-L- yçúõ. Often, never, always, sometimes, generally, usually, just, almost, nearly, quite, hardly, scarcely, ever, scarcely ever, hardly ever, nearly always, seldom, rarely, occasionally, frequently, already. A. Often = ûª Ω-îª í. He often visits me = Åûªúø ûª Ωîª Ø ü í _-J-éÌ-Ææ hç-ö«úø. Never = á æ púø ü / é ü / á o-öàéã é ü. He never comes here = Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ÅÆæ úø / á æp-öà-éã- úø. Duryodhana never liked the Pandavas = ü Óu-üµ - -úõéà ƒçúø- - çõ ÅÆæ Tôdü / á æ púø Tõ d-c-é ü. Always (X never) = á æ púø / ÅEo- Ë- «He is always in Vijayawada. He never goes out = Åûª-ØÁ- æ púø Nï-ߪ - -úø- appleøë Öçö«úø. Nï-ߪ - úø ü öà á æ púø Á xúø. Sometimes = éìeo- ƒ Ω x/ Å æ p-úø- æ púø. The bus stops here sometimes and sometimes doesn't = éìeo- ƒ Ω x bus Ééπ\úø Çí - ûª çc, éìeo- ƒ Ω x Çí ü. Generally = usually = ƒüµ - Ω-ùçí / - í. Generally/ usually he comes here in the evenings = ƒüµ - Ω-ùçí / - í Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ƒßª ç-vûªç- æ ô ƒhúø. just = 1) É æ púë. He has just left = Åûª-úÕ- æ púë ÁRx- Ú-ߪ úø. 2) vûª Ë (áèπ \- -é ü ÅØË Å ΩnçûÓ) It's just Rs. 100/- = It's only Rs. 100/- = ÅC çü Ω ƒ-ߪ vûª Ë. He left just five minutes ago = Åûªúø É æ púë âü EN - ƒ véàûª Ë Á «xúø. Just because you like apples don't say that they are the best of the fruits = Fèπ apples *a- çûª vû - öàe æçúøx apple íì æpn Å. 3) Just = exactly = éπ*a-ûªçí 'Are you happy because you are elected? ( y áeoéπ çü x ÆæçûÓ- æ- æ-úø -ûª -Ø o?) 'Just so' (éπ*a-ûªçí Åçõ ) 4) àüó Å «. Sachin isn't just a batsman like any other batsman = Ææ*Ø àüó Éûª Ω batsman «çöà úø é ü. (v æûëu-éπûª ÖçC Åûª- E apple) Almost = ü ü æ. It is almost 2 years since we met each other = ÅûªúÕE ØË éπlæœ ü ü æ È çúë- x- çc. He spent almost Rs. 10 Lakh on the house = Ç ÉçöÀ éóææç ü ü æ Ω. æ-c éπ~ ê Ω a-  -ö«dúø. Almost = nearly Quite = «í ØË It's quite a big building = ÅC  ü l éπôd-úø Ë (é ü - ç) She is quite beautiful = Ç Á Åçü -í ûëh (ÆæçüË æ«ç ü ) I am quite happy with what I have = Ø èπ o ü çûó ØË ÆæçûÓ- æç-í ØË ÖØ o. Hardly = scarcely = hardly ever = scarcely ever = ü ü æ ü / õ x = seldom I hardly like him = Åûªúøçõ Ø éà æ dç ü = I scarcely like him. He hardly/ scarcely ever comes here = ÅûªúÕéπ\úÕéÀ ü ü æ úø / á æ p-úájø ƒhúø õ x. Rarely = Å Ω -ü í They rarely meet each other = Rx-ü l Ω äéπ-j- ØÌ-éπ Ω Å Ω -ü í éπ -Ææ -èπ ç-ö«ω. Nearly always = ü ü æ á æ púø = They are nearly always together = Ÿx ü ü æ á æ púø éπlêæ Öçö«Ω. Ocassionally = Å æ p-úø- æ púø. We meet occasionally = Ë ç Å æ p-úø- æ púø éπ -Ææ - èπ çö«ç (á æ púø é ü ) Frequently = often Already = É æpöàíé / Å æpöàíé I've already seen the movie twice = ØËE- æpöàíé Ç ÆœE- È çúø ƒ Ω x . I went to station at 10. The train had already left = ÊÆd æ-ø èπ 10 í ç-ô- èπ Á «x. Å æp-öàíé train ÁRx- Ú- çc. G.Shankar,Keshavapatnam, (Karimnagar). Q. ûá -í apple éàçc æü - èπ, Phrasesèπ N - Ω-ù É y-í - Ω. Straightforward, verbalism, pluralism, in the light of, flipside, holistic, social fabric, an optimal pathway, parameters, teleological, mundans, endogamons, ontology, miniature, strand, jurisprudence, entrenchment, slackened, cognisance, heralds, axiology, emulation, appraisal, mala adjust. A. Straight forward = -Ææ apple Ö oc Ö o-ô xí éπ æôç èπ çú îá æpúøç/ èπ \-Ææ -öàí Ú úøç. verbalism = ô-èπ - ô éã\-éà- -éã\í Å - -ü ç-í F, äéπ Ω Å o- -ô- - -í F, àn-üµ - Á i Ω p- - -èπ çú Éûª- Ω - ûó îá æpúøç/ ߪ úøç. pluralism = Ææ -ïç apple µ«ƒ, ƒçææ\%-aéπ, ûª, ï-éãߪ ÁjNüµ uç. in the light of = ü % ƒdu In the light of the concessions announced = v æéπ-öàç-* Ææúø-Lç- æ ü % ƒdu. flip side = àü - Ø Ç apple-îª- apple, æü -éπç apple, ü ç apple èπ Å -èπÿ- ç-é E Åç ç/ îáúø æl-û. The flip side of the SEZs is that a number of farmers are rendered homeless = v æûëuéπ ÇJnéπ çúø x N æ-ߪ ç apple ÅÆæ ïj-ííc, èπ Å -èπÿ- ç-é E Åç ç È jûª E y-æœ-ûª - - úøç. The flip side of the medicine is that it weakens the patients = Ç çü îáúø æl-û àn -ôçõ, Óí - «- - - úøç. holistic = äéπ N æ-ߪ Eo Å Ωnç-îË-Ææ -èπ ØË v æߪ - ûªoç apple Ç N æߪ ç Á ûªhç æj-q-lç-îªúøç, Ç N æߪ ç NNüµ Åç» applex äéì\-éπ\-öàí é èπ çú : We should find a holistic solution to the problem of child labour = «é Jt-èπ Ææ Ææu æj- ƒ\- -EéÀ ü E- applee NNüµ Åç»- -Eoç-öÀF Á ûªhçí æj-í -ù- - appleéà BÆæ éó L. social fabric = ƒ ->éπ u Ææn an optimal pathway = Åûª u-ûªh- - Á i Ω_ç/ Åûªuçûª Ææ í Ω_ç parameters = æj-n -ûª / Å -üµ (limits) teleological = Ææç æ -ô-, æ ô- üëøóo ƒcµç-îëç-ü Íé ï Ω -í -û, Åçü -- - x ( ç ƒcµçîë N æߪ ç é Ω-ùç-í ØË ÅN ï Ω -í -û -ߪ ØË û Ayéπ Æœü l çûªç philosophical theory) mundane ( çúá-ß Ø ) = ÅØ -Ææ-éÀh-éπ- Ω- Á i, ÅC 'mundans' é ü, dull, very ordinary) endogamous = æj-ææ- applex ƒneèπ - ØË Â «xúë æü l A. -O Ω Æœ- -ô x 'endogamons' é ü. Eo ÖE-éÀE îªjaçîë ûªûªy-»ææyç. miniature = Ææ éπ~ t- Á i / äéπ  ü l Ææ h * o Ø. strand = 1) Úí (û úø - applee) 2) C, Ææ ΩÆæ q, Ææ vü ç äúø f 3) áô - Á- x- E ÆœnA apple EÆæq- æ -ߪ çí á J - Ø C- -ߪ úøç. The children were stranded in the forest. I hardly like him -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù 522 jurisprudence = îªôd, Ø uߪ»ææyç. 1) í öàdí ƒûª -èπ - Ú- úøç. 2) Çûªt- Ω-éπ~-ù-éÓÆæç ÂÆjE-èπ ûª yèπ ØË í çô. entrenchment = Ææúø-Lç-îªúøç, v æߪ -û o- «xçöà öàe. slackened = Å -í - æ«îëææ - éó- úøç, í Jhç-îªúøç. heralds = ï Ω-í - appleßë Ææç æ -ô- - èπ ÆæçÍéûªç. axiology = ØÁjAéπ N - Æœü l çûªç/ Ç ç-é -Jéπ ØÁjAéπ N - E l - Ωù. emulation = íì æp- -JE Å -Ææ-Jç*, xèπ Ææ - çí, x-éπçõ íì æpí ácíí v æߪ ûªoç. Appraisal = N éπôdúøç Maladjustment = Unsuitability = èπ ü - ΩE Òûª h V. Narasimha Rao, Ongole. Q. Please change these sentences into Indirect Speech. He said "I was a doctor." He said that he had been a doctor. He said to me "They were in hyderabad. He told me that they had been in Hyderabad. Q. Pease tell me what are the meanings of the sentences in Telugu. Oh, I call it double - faced. ÅC Ωçí Í a ûªûªyç. Neither of you cared to put up with me. O Éü l-j apple á Ω Ø ûó ã Ω pûó Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ v æߪ -Aoç-îª- ü. He was seventy two a fortnight last sunday. éàç-ü -öà ÇC- - -EéÀ Çߪ - èπ 72 à }éó æéπ~ç (15 ÓV ) ûªèπ \ / éà-ç-ü -öà ÇC- - -EéÀ Çߪ èπ æéπ~ç ûªèπ \ 72 à Ÿx. Shankar, Adilabad. Q. Many a night as he lay in the dark, tired and hungry, he would unleash his imagination. Ééπ\úø many a night Ö æ -ßÁ í ç, Å Ω nç, úø éπ -ûá - æç-úõ. A. Many a night = Many nights - Ñ È çúø äéπõ. Å ûë Many a night, poetic Åçõ é Ææh éπnûªyç. Many a night ûª yûª îëa verb á æ úø singular. Many a man is ruined because of his greed = î «- çc - æfl ü x Ø - - -ߪ u Ω. - Ω -éπü, Many a man is, man ûª yûª verb, is singular. G. Durga Prasad, Tiruvuru. Q. Please explain the following: Birds of feather will fluck together. äíé - Ωéπç È éπ\ æèπ~ äíé-îóô îë Ωû = äíé í ùç, ÁjêJ éπ - Ÿx äéπ-öàí Öçö«Ω. Don't rob peter to pay paul. äéπj ü í _ Ω úø s í ç> ÉçéÌ-éπJéÀ yúøç, àüó ü ç îëæœ- ô x ÅE œç-îëç-ü èπ. Every bird must hatch its own eggs. á J æ- Ïx îª Ææ -éó- L. Éûª Ω O ü Çüµ - Ω- æ-úø-èπ çú. (Hatch = æèπ~ í úø x Òü -í úøç) Virtue is its own reward. Ææ í -ù«-eéà æ - A Ææ í -ù Ë àüó ÇPç* ç*í Öçúøôç é ü é - -LqçC, ç* éóææ Ë ç*í Öçú L. Falsehood is idious. Falsehood is hideous (idious é ü hideous = µºßª ç-éπ- Ω- Á i ) = Å ü l ç µºßª ç-éπ- Ω- Á içc. A cracking door awakened the dog. ûª æ éπü -Léπ x Å - - îª- æ púø èπ éπ\ Ë Ô\-L- œçc. A burent child dreads the fire. é a-èπ o Gúøf E æpçõ µºßª - æ-úø -ûª çc = é çûª Ωèπ Gúøfèπ E æ p N æߪ ç ûál-ߪ ü. His tattle coat needs mending. His tattered (tattle é ü ) coat needs mending = Çߪ * Ω -í coat èπ èπ ô x Å Ææ Ωç. All are not saints to go to the church. All are not saints that go to the church = í xèπ Á Ïx- xçü Ω æn-vûª é Ω. Saints = æn-vûª / Ω æfl. All are not saints to go to the church é ü - -èπ çö«. He had his jest and they had his estate. Çߪ îª -ûª\-j-ææ høë ÖØ oúø, Çߪ ÇÆœhE Ÿx é ñ -» Ω. Sinologist èπ Å Ωnç îá æpçúõ. DEéÀ ûìn tüó ûª Ω-í A ÉçTx- ˇ apple Marks gainer matching apple A person interested in ChinaÅE ÖçC. ÉC éπè -ÍédØ? Sino = îájø èπ Ææç ç-cµç-* / Indo Åçõ Indiaèπ Ææç ç-cµ. Glogy = Åüµ u-ߪ ç/ Nñ«c ç. Sinology = îájø í Jç* Åüµ u-ߪ ç/ îájø í Jç* -N- æ-ߪ - -ûá- Ææ éó- -úøç. Sinologist = îájø í Jç* æ-j- apple-cµç-îë- -- Ÿx. Future Tense apple à éπuç É*aØ ü E Passive Voice (P.V.) apple be form - will be Ææ hçü? eg. A.V.: Ravi will marry sita. P.V.: Sita will be married by Ravi. Ravi (he) will marry Sita (she). Ééπ\úø he and she äíé group é -öàd will, shall Ω p- ç-úø. Sita (she) will be married to (by C-éπ\úø) Ravi. A.V: I shall buy a car. P.V.: A car will be bought by me. A.V: Ééπ\úø I shall ÚhçC. PV apple, A car (it) subject Å -ûª çc. é öàd will úøû ç. PV: A car will be bought by me.

8 í Ω - Ωç ç Ω 2008 Ñ-Ø -úø  j«-ü - «-ü 2 G. Shankar, Shankarapatnam. Q. My promise will come into effect from today itself. What is the reflexive pronouns indicate here. Even as mention the area of using of the reflex pronouns and when do we use this pronouns. What is the difference between EMPHATIC Pronouns and REFLEXIVe Pronouns. How do we get an idea of whether it is Emphatic or Reflexive. A. Today itself apple, itself, reflexive pronoun é ü. ÉC emphatic pronoun. He himself told her so (ÅûªúË Ç Á -éπ «îá ƒpúø )- Here, himself is emphatic pronoun- ÅûªúË ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îá -ûª Ø oç é öàd - emphatic ƒ -ë«ueo Ææ *çîë Nüµ çí ØÌéÀ\-îÁ- æpúøç.) The president himself came down the stage to congratulate him= President ÅçûªöÀ úë stage CT- *a Åûª-úÕE ÅGµ- ç-cç-î úø. ÅûªúË/ Ç Ë / ØËØË É «Å Ωnç îëaô x himself, herself, myself, etc- ÅE úõûë, Å æ púø, self * Ω îëa pronouns, emphatic pronoun. Å «é èπ çú He killed himself = Åûª-úÕE ÅûªúË îªç æ -èπ -Ø oúø É «Å Ωnç ÊÆh reflexive pronoun. You are deceiving yourself = E o Ëy Á Ææç îëææ -èπ ç-ô -Ø o ÉC reflexive (yourself) He always talks about himself - Åûª-úÕE í Jç* ÅûªúË ö«x-úø -èπ ç-ö«úø - himself reflextive. Q. éàçc æü - ûá -í apple N -Jç-îªí - Ω. Ego, egocentric, egoism, egoist, egotist, altruist, introvert, extrovert, ambivert, ego maniac, ascetic. A. Ego = Å æ«ç, egocentric = ƒy Ωn *çûª ç, egoism= Å æ«ç- µ«ç ØËØË-íÌ æp/ ØËØË êuç ÅØË µ«ç Öçúøôç, egoist = Å æ«ç- µ«n, egotist = á æ púø ûª í JçîË ö«x-úë- úø, altruist = û uí, ü - Cl éπ - úø, introvert = Åçûª- Ω tê úø µ«- çí ûª Ç appleîª ßª -öàéà îá æ p-éó-e- Ω, extrovert (X introvert) = œ«- Ω t-ê Åçü -JûÓ ö«xúø ûª éπ - æ -íó- í ÖçúË- Ÿx-, ambivert =  j È çúø Ωé - -í ÖçúË- Ÿx, egomaniac = á æ púø ûª í Jç*, ûª v ƒ- ë«ueo í Jç* íì æpí K áèπ \- í Å -éìe, Éûª- Ω - èπ é Ææh v æ -ü -éπ- Ωçí ÖçúË- Ÿx ÉC é Ææh Néπ%ûª -Ææhûªyç, ascetic = éπfææ Å -Ææ- - ûó ÅA E -úøç- - Ωçí Çü - z- ûó A-Íé- Ÿx/ N -í / Ω æfl. Gandhi was an ascetic. Dr. Sri., Tirupati. Q. 'Åûªúø v æ - æ -EéÀ ua-í éπ C apple Á x--ú -EéÀÀ æõ dé ç v æ - æ«-c- apple Á x--ú -EéÀ æõ d é «-EéÀ È öàdç æ. -Ñ é ueo ÉçTx- ˇ- appleéà á «a apple îá æp-í - Ω. A. The time the swimmer takes to swim against the current stream is twice the time he takes to swim along/ down the stream/ current. K.S.R., Martur (Prakasam) Q. éàçc é u- ÉçTx- ˇ apple á «îá ƒp apple ûá - æí - Ω. - Ü applex ñ«- Ω -éìéπ Múø ÖØ oúø. á y--jéã Åéπ~ Ωç éπ\ ü. We have too many of them - a leader for a street, none of them, educated. îªü Ææçüµ u- -E- -JéÀ æü - Öçúøôç x Nü u- ç-ûª -úõéà N èπ çú Ú çc. As the uneducated corner all the positions, the educated have no value Ø èπ - E «üµ FÈéç-ü èπ? When I am not worried, why should you? Ë èπ éπ\  çîª -èπ ç-ô Ø oç. We are bringing up/ raring up a dog -Å- - çõ é ü -E, é ü çõ -Å- - -E, Çúø- J ô- èπ Å n Ë Ω. If they yes, they mean no, if they say no, they mean yes, women never mean what they say. Hammer in hammer throw Åçõ àn öà? íì -Ææ èπ éπöàd Ω - Áj É æ í çúø. é v Ë ú ÅE œl- œç-îª -éó- - E Ø èπ  ü l éójéπ My cherished wish is to be called a comrade M. Satyanarayana, Hyderabad Q. Power, current, light Ñ æü - á æ púø, áéπ\úø, á «ú L? A. Power = éàh Nü u-îªa éàh current - v æ - œ«çîë Nü u-îªa éàh, ç Eûªuç úëc x static electricity = E a- çí Ö o Nü uû battery applex ÖçúËC. current - ÅÆæ-- -Å Ωnç v æ æ«ç. light = Á í / D æç Q. Power, Energy, strong Ñ æü - N -Jç-îª-í - Ω. A. power = energy = éàh strong = - Á i. A. Saiprasad, Kusthapur. Q. üë ç apple ÅEo _- èπ îáçc- - -JéÀ Sri/ Mr. ÅE Ææç- apple-cµç-îª-- î a? œ«çü - é E- -JE Sri/ Srimathi ÅE Ææç- apple---cµç-îª- î a? Sri Manmohan singh Å -úøç apple ûªê pç- ü éπü? A. Ææç apple-cµç-îª- îª a. Å ûë é Ææh æ«ùü apple Ö o- -JE, -éπçõ  ü l- -JE Mr Å úøç é Ææh uü ûªèπ \- í µ«n- ƒh Ω. Åçü x í Ω îë Ωaúøç ç*c. X/ X A E Ω- µºuç-ûª- Ωçí á -J-ÈéjØ úø- îª a. é F ÅN- - œ«ûª Æ YE X A Å ç éπü? N œ«- û, é ü ÅE ûál-ߪ úøç Åçûª Ææ µºç é ü -éπü? Å «ç-ô- æ púø í Ω îëjêæh É sçc Öçúøü. Q. Óí E Ó-üµ éπ éàhe ÉçTx- ˇ apple à ç-ö«ω? Ájü u-»ææy æj- µ«- æ apple à ç-ö«ω? A. Immunity. Q. éóúõ ç ƒeo *ÈéØ, Ë éπ ç ƒeo ôø, æçc ç ƒeo Ú \ Å o-ô dí ØÁ -L, œôd, èπ çüë, îë æ, á éπ, * éπ, ƒ, >çéπ, E œ ûªc-ûª ç ƒ- ÉçTx- ˇ apple à ç-ö«ω? A. v æûëuéπ Á i ô- -. Flesh Åçõ à çææ- Á iø, êuçí E œ çææç. Q. ÅvG- Ë- æ- xèπ Ææç ç-cµç* éìeo ç* æ Ææhé, -Å-N üìjíé * Ω -Ø - ûál-ߪ -ñ -ߪ çúõ. A. à General knowledge book Å Ø O èπ Ö æ-ßá -í - æ-úø -ûª çc. P. Srinivasa Rao, Hyderabad. Q. He had better go èπ question form and negative form ûá - æ-í - Ω. A. He had better not go. Q. éàçc- -öàéà Å n Öü - æ«- Ω-ù- ûó N -Jç-îª-í - Ω. Oô-Eoç-öÀE Spoken English apple úìî a? ü? written English apple èπÿú úën ÖØ oߪ?öçõ ÅN àn öà? by default N æ úøç- x äéπ uéàh îëߪ -Lq æe îëߪ -éπ- Ú- úøç x, ÉçéÓ uéàhéà Ç Å é ç úøç/ äéπ uéàh court apple Ææçñ«- îá æp-éπ- Ú- úøç x Å -ûªl ƒkdéà Å -èπÿ- çí B Ω p É yúøç. He is a president by default = éìûªh president á oéó-éπ- Ú- úøç x v æææ h-ûª-ç -Ö- o uíéh president í ÖØ oúø. Judgement by default = Case apple äéπ æéπ~ç Ω Court èπ ç-ü, Å -ûªl æéπ~ç xèπ Å èπÿ- çí ÉîËa B Ω p ÉC î «formal, spoken English apple úøç Åçûªí. You are e deceiving yourself once in a while á æ púó äéπ- æ púø / Å æ p-úø- æ púø -Ççí x- µ«- æ-ù 523 A peg or two once a while is OK - á æ púó äéπ- æ púø / Å æ p-úø- æ púø, äéπöapple È çúó pegs ü uç BÆæ -éó- úøç, æ Ω- - ü. on the contrary On the Contrary - çü - îá- œpç-ü - EéÀ ua-í -éπçí /N Ω -ü l çí. 'Have you finished?' ( y æe æ Jh îë»?) 'No. On the contrary, I haven't begun yet.' ( ü. ÅÆæ (Åçü èπ N Ω -ü l çí ) ØËEçé v ƒ Ωç-Gµç-îª-ØË- ü ) as & when Å y-lqçc á æ púø ûë Å æ púø As and when you pay the money you will get the papers- Áy- æ púø úø s îálxêæh Å æ púë Fèπ ævû ƒh. Å ûë as é F when é F úõûë î. As and when éπl œ úøôç ÆæÈ j úøéπç é ü. all this while ÅC ïj-t- ç-ûª-êæ æ.she was doing everything to cook for them, while all this while they were watching the TV= xèπ çúõ-â -ôd-ú -Eé Á v N Ææ h Öçõ Åçûª-ÊÆ æ Ÿx TV îª Ææ h èπÿ Ω a-ø o Ω. his days are numbered î ÆæO - œç-îªúøç. When the cancer set in, he knew his days were numbered = Cancer í ØË ûª Ωùç ÆæO - œç-*ç-ü E ûá -Ææ -èπ -Ø oúø. at large 1) Á ûªhçí The disease which affected only two in the beginning, spread to the whole village at large - äéπ-j-ü l-jéà ÚéÀ ucµ Ç ûª yûª Ç Á ûªhç ví -EéÀ u œç- *çc. 2) At large = æ -K apple Ö o The prisoner is at large- Ç ë jd æ -K apple ÖØ oúø. from hand to mouth î M-î - He leads a hand to mouth existence = î M-î - E úø í úø - æ -ûª - Ø oúø. At a stretch àéπg-te/ N ç èπ çú He taught us for 3 hours at a stretch úø í çô- - ƒô à N ç èπ çú èπ Çߪ ƒ Ωç îá ƒpúø. laps & bounds N æ-k-ûª- Á i Ëí çûó. The Company grew in leaps and bounds = Ç Company î «/ N æ- K-ûª- Á i Ëí çûó ÅGµ- %Cl ƒcµç-*çc. last but not least Ç Ω -Ææ apple * - Ω-é F, íì æp-ûª ç, v ƒ êuç apple í èπ çú Last but not least, I last but not least, I thank sri somaraju- * -Jí Å - - æpöàéã, v ƒ -êuç apple àç ûªèπ \- -é E Ú - V í JéÀ -Ø çü ç. He made known his desires. ûª éój-éπ- Ó ûál-ߪ -ñ -»úø àüó îëߪ úøç/ îá æp-úøç x By critisising the PM, he made known his desires- he wants to be the next PM = v æüµ - - çvae N -Jzç-îªúøç ü y ûª éój-éπ ߪ -ô-â -ö«dúø ûª v æüµ E é - E. Q. éàçc é u- ÉçTx- ˇ apple ûá - æ-í - Ω. ØË ÁRx ÖçúË- -úõ-øë Á. I might have gone. ØË Á-- -û -ØË Á. May be I will go/ Perhaps I will go/ I may go. ØË Á «x- Á. Perhaps/ May be I have to go. ØË ÁRx Öçú -Lqç-üË Á. I should have gone, perhaps. ØË Á «xlq Ææ hç-üë Á. Perhaps I will have to go. ÅEo- ƒ Ω x As often as that. ÉEo- ƒ Ω x - This often/ so often. ÅçûªÊÆ æ So long/ that long. Éç-ûªÊÆ æ So far. ØË ÁRx B L Åçõ I must go. ØË ÁRx B Ω - û ÅØ - çõ ÉçTx- ˇ apple á «îá ƒpl? I must go. I will (definitely) go. Q. ØË Á «xlq *açc I had to go. ØË Á «xlq ÖçC I have to go. ØË Á «xlq Öçô çc I will have to go. -É-N éπè Íé d-ø? ØË Á «xlq ÚhçC Ñ é ueo á «îá ƒpl? A. éπè Íéd. ØË Á «xlq ÚhçC. I have to go. Q. ØË Ææ hç-ö«(regular í Å æ p-úø- æ púø ) ØË Ææ hç-ö«(future apple regular í Å æ p-úø- æ púø ). ØË Ææ hç-ö«(future apple äéπ õ j Ωèπ vûª Ë ).  j úø Ææçü - s applex èπÿú I will be coming ÅØË Åçô ç-ö«ω. ÅC éπè -ÍédØ? é éπ- ÚûË Á ü öà, È çúó Ææçü - s apple á «îá ƒpl? A. I come/ will be coming. I will be coming once a week, etc. I will be coming till... Ñ úø Ææçü - s - applex I will be coming correct. Q. éàçc- öàéà Ê Ì\ o Å n ÆæÈ j - ËØ?é éπ- ÚûË ûál-ߪ -ñ -ߪ -í - Ω. Unless sachin plays, India will not win. Ææ*Ø Çúø-éπ- ÚûË ÉçúÕߪ Èí - ü. A. Correct. Q. Unless Sachin plays, Sehwag will play. Ææ*Ø Çúø-éπ- ÚûË (-ØË) ÂÆ æ yí Çúø-û úø. A. ÉC ÆæJ-é ü. Ééπ\úø unless èπ ü, If L. If Sachin doesn't play, Sehwag will play.