Preview of the New Interconnection Standard

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1 Preview of the New Interconnection Standard Robert W. Harris, PE Senior Principal, T&D Engineering NRECA February 26, 2018

2 IEEE 1547 is the Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (2003) Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces (New)

3 Complete Overhaul Original published in 2003 (16 pp). Reaffirmed in Amended early Working Group (WG) started on Full Revision ~ same time. Hint of Things to Come- 135 pp & Counting

4 Major Topics Disturbance Performance Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation Power Quality All Covered in TechSurveillance Articles Note- Completed in Early 2017 Prior to Ballot

5 In 2003 Fuel Cells, Wind & Piston Engines were major players. PV was miniscule. DER not seen as a major player. Best to trip DERs quickly for any minor disturbance. Bulk Electric System effects? R U KIDDING??!!?

6 Concerns About BES NERC began pursuing the issue following events in Germany. High-penetration parts of the US began to see stability issues (CA & HI). NERC formed a Task Force to study the problem. A Key Report was released December 2013: Performance of Variable Resources During and After System Disturbance

7 NERC IVGTF Final Report (Integrated Variable Generation Task Force) Continued monitoring of the IEEE Standard 1547 development is essential to ensure that effective ride-through requirements are enacted. Key Findings & Recommendations, p. 42 IVGTF Final Report June 2015

8 Voltage Ride-Through (VRT) & Frequency Ride-Through (FRT) NERC and a few utilities began to advocate less-sensitive setpoints for tripping: Keep DERs On-Line for Disturbances on BES. Still enable tripping for Safety on Distribution Systems.

9 IEEE 1547a (Early 2014)

10 Frequency Trip Original Standard (2003)

11 Frequency Trip Current Standard (1547a)

12 Frequency Trip New Standard (as of Draft 7.2) Frequency (Hz) may ride-through or may trip 62.0 Hz 0.16 s Hz 61.8 Hz 61.2 Hz 66.0 Hz 66.0 Hz Shall Trip Mandatory Operation Capability 60.0 Continuous Operation Capability Hz 59.0 Hz 180 s 58.5 Legend may ride-through or 1 range of adustability may trip zones 58.5 Hz 58.0 Mandatory Operation 299 s default value shall ride-through zones 57.5 Capability and operating regions describing performance 1,000 s shall trip zones 57.0 Hz s may ride-through or may trip 56.5 may ride-through 2 or may trip Shall Trip Hz Time (s) 50.0 Hz 299 s 180 s Hz 61.2 Hz 1,000 s

13 Voltage Trip Original Standard (2003)

14 Voltage Trip Current Standard (1547a)

Voltage Trip New Standard- Category I (as of D 7.2) Voltage (p.u.) 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 may ride-through or may trip 0.

15 Voltage Trip New Standard- Category I (as of D 7.2) Voltage (p.u.) may ride-through or may trip 0.16 s 2 Permissive Operation Capability Mandatory Operation Capability Permissive Operation Capability may ride-through or may trip 0.16 s p.u. 1 s 2 s 13 s 1 Continuous Operation Capability 0.16 s 0.45 p.u p.u. 2 s 1 2 s Shall trip Shall trip 1.10 p.u p.u. may ride-through or may trip Time (s) s Legend range of adustability default value shall trip zones may ride-through or may trip zones shall ride-through zones and operating regions describing performance

16 Categories I, II and III Abnormal Operating Performance Cat I Cat II Cat III Meets most BES Security needs. Includes small synchronous machines. Harmonized w\nerc PRC-024 (protection settings for BES generators) High-Penetration levels where continued DER operation is needed for Distribution System. Harmonized w\ca Rule 21.

17 Vigilance on FRT & VRT Select Category (I, II or III) Provide Settings to DER Owners\Installers. Commissioning Tests. Periodic Retests (maybe inspections). Interoperability- Alarms. Education & Training Public Installers

18 Reclosing Current Standard DER must cease to energize the circuit prior to reclosure (sec ). Must clear within 2s of event. Must not reconnect for up to 5 minutes after: Voltage within Range B of ANSI C84.1, Table 1 Frequency within Hz.

19 Reclosing New Standard Allows reclosing into a line energized by DER. Assumes means are employed to detect excessive differences: Phase angle Voltage magnitude Frequency Utility to employ Hot Line Blocking, Synch-Check, etc as needed.

20 Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation Current Standard Does not permit DER to: Regulate Voltage. Regulate Reactive Power. Note- DER can operate at a set Leading or Lagging PF as requested by Co-Op under current standard.

21 Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation New Standard Requires DER to be Capable of Regulating Voltage through Reactive Power Control. Prescribes Five Different Methods which DER must be capable of. Notes: Requirement of DER equipment manufacturers. Settings are to be at sole discretion of Co-Op/Utility. Co-Op/Utility may also choose to not use this capability.

22 Methods of Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation New Standard Constant Power Factor Constant Reactive Power Reactive Power as a Function of Active Power (W-VAR Mode) Reactive Power as a Function of Voltage (V-VAR Mode) V-VAR Mode w/voltage Reference Tracking

23 Good News! Can help stabilize Voltage on Distribution circuits. Reduce wear on Voltage Regulators & LTCs. Can mitigate flicker and other voltage fluctuations. May reduce the need for reconductoring to offset effects of voltage swings.

24 Caution! Law of Unintended Consequences! Evaluate circuit & DER carefully to choose method and settings. As other DERs are added, may need to reevaluate original method & settings. Load increases, decreases or reconfiguration of circuit can all come into play. Any of these methods may lead to power quality issues if not closely managed.

25 Categories A and B Normal Operating Performance Cat A Cat B Meets VAR & Control requirements for all DER systems presently in use. Enhanced requirements which can benefit the power system, but which some DER systems may not meet.

26 Power Quality Generally tightened for DER providers: Flicker limits added (IEC) Voltage limits added (IEC) Harmonics section expanded (IEEE ) Gives utilities more to work with.

27 NRECA Papers Series of Four Tech Surveillance Articles on Cooperative.com: The Background For Change Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation Disturbance Performance Power Quality and Other Concerns Engineering & Operations- IEEE 1547 Articles (NRECA Members Only now- moving to Public Website)

28 Initial Ballot Open from May 19 - June 18 Results: Total eligible balloters: 389 Total votes received: % (74%) Affirmative votes: % (72%) Negative votes: 63 with comments (4 without comments) Abstention votes: 21 (6%) Comments received: 1457 Must be satisfied comments: 624

29 Where it Stands Ballot Resolution Team Formed & Met Frequently Attempted to Respond to All Comments Change any Must Be Changed comments possible into Approve votes. FOURTH RECIRCULATION Open from Dec Approval Increased from 78% to 93%

30 What s Next Final Draft Approved by IEEE SA Board on February 15th Publication Likely in April >2 Months Earlier Than Expected

31 Next Steps for NRECA Basic User s Guide Brief Comparison Must-Dos (i.e., Category Selection) Guide to Settings & Ranges Case Study Scenarios Most Likely to Encounter DG Toolkit Revision\Overhaul Training

32 IEEE Test Procedures Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Original published in 2005 (63 pp) Reaffirmed in 2011 Amended in 2015 (Reflects Amendments to 1547 from 2014) Working Group (WG) started on Full Revision ~ May 2016 Current Draft- 164 pp & Counting

33 IEEE Key Parts Type Tests Proves That a Design Meets Certain Specifications. Production Tests Verify Operability of Every Unit Prior to Shipment. Commissioning Tests Performed After Equipment Is Installed to Verify Correct Operation. Periodic Tests Verifies That All Interconnection-Related Protective Functions and Associated Batteries are Functional.

34 IEEE Revision First WG Meeting March 2016 Working Group Many Are Same as in the Base Standard (1547) Major Issue How Detailed Should It Be? Other Concerns Firmware Upgrades and Need for Retests First Ballot Projected for July-Sept of 2018

35 IEEE Revision Final WG Draft Must Be Completed in June MAY Be Balloted Late This year IF WG Agrees to Limit Testing to the Most Basic Requirements. If Not Project Likely Extended Into 2019 Question What Do We Do Until Then?

36 IEEE for 2018 If Interested in Joining IEEE WG, Contact: Thomas Gwinn Robert W. Harris Principal Engineer Senior Principal, T&D Engineering Mobile: Office: Lead on (or Dot 1)

37 IEEE for 2018/19 Considering Similar Approach as with Base Standard: Produce TechSurveillance Article(s) on Subject prior to Ballot Send out instructions on how to participate Set Up List & Working Group of Interested Co-ops Coordinate Comments Submit Ballots & Comments

38 Anything Else Looming? Other Parts of 1547 Series Being Considered No More Standards In Series At This Time Standard (Shall) Recommended Practices (Should) Guides (May) UL Becoming More Active Again.

39 Preview of the New Interconnection Standard Robert W. Harris, PE Senior Principal Transmission & Distribution Engineering Phone Cell

IEEE sion/1547revision_index.html

IEEE sion/1547revision_index.html IEEE 1547 IEEE 1547: Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revi sion/1547revision_index.html