Microwave Technology Training Systems

Transcription

1 Microwave Technology Training Systems LabVolt Series Datasheet Festo Didactic en 220 V - 50 Hz 07/2018

2 Table of Contents General Description 2 System courseware 2 Topic Coverage 3 Features & Benefits 3 List of Available Training Systems 3 Optional Equipment 4 Optional Manual(s) 4 Available Training Systems 4 Equipment Description 11 Optional Equipment Description 25 General Description The Microwave Technology Training Systems are part of the Telecommunications Training Systems. They are complete, integrated package of hardware and courseware that allow students to perform experiments in microwave principles and practices. The systems include all power supplies, instrumentation, high-quality microwave components, and accessories required to perform the experiments. An oscilloscope, also required, is not included. The system is fully operational and highly realistic; it reflects the standards and technologies used in modern microwave systems, making it a great training system. It provides students with hands-on experimentation in power measurements, the Gunn oscillator, detection of microwave signals, impedance measurements and matching, microwave optics, and more. System courseware The system courseware consists of comprehensive manuals with theory, step-by-step exercises, and review questions. The above figure shows the courseware flow chart. Microwave Basics accompanies the basic training system (Model 8090-B). It consists of exercises taken from Microwave Fundamentals covering the basics of microwave technologies. To perform the experiments, the user must provide his own microwave measurement equipment (SWR meter, power meter, and thermistor mount). Microwave Fundamentals covers the principles of microwave signals and their propagation; the construction and operation of microwave components; the techniques used to measure power, attenuation, SWR, and impedance. The experiments are performed by using the provided SWR Meter, Power Meter, and Thermistor Mount. 2 Festo Didactic

3 The other courses are a continuation of Microwave Fundamentals. PIN Diodes, Microwave Tees, and Applications teaches the construction and operation of PIN diodes and hybrid tees and how they are used in microwave applications. This course requires the complete training system, Model Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications teaches the operation of variable-frequency oscillators (VCOs). It also teaches three methods of measuring the frequency of microwave signals and demonstrates the frequency modulation and demodulation of microwave signals. This course requires the complete training system, Model , and the add-on Model Note: Users who already have the standard training system (Model ) can perform the PIN Diodes, Microwave Tees, and Applications course as well as the Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications course by buying the additional required components separately. Topic Coverage Microwave Fundamentals Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications PIN Diodes, Microwave Tees, and Applications Features & Benefits Microwave devices and components manufactured from electroless-plated brass to standard X-band waveguide dimensions. Waveguide flanges joined by patented precision quick fasteners, allowing rapid assembly and disassembly of microwave circuits. A Gunn diode oscillator running at GHz in continuous wave (CW) mode or amplitude modulated by a 1 khz square-wave signal. A crystal detector, thermistor, and slotted line used with the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply, Power Meter, and SWR Meter (standing-wave ratio meter) to detect microwave signals, measure microwave power levels, and take SWR measurements. The Gunn Oscillator Power Supply provides power to the SWR Meter and the Power Meter through connectors that align when these modules are stacked on top of the power supply unit. Antenna Azimuth Indicator for accurate plotting of antenna radiation patterns. Inductive and capacitive irises used to measure reactive impedance. Three lenses, a metal plate, and a dielectric plate for microwave optics experiments. A Storage Tray with foam liner to store all the microwave components. An instructor guide designed to help instructors prepare the theoretical courses and laboratory periods of the student manual. The instructor guide includes introductory information, instructional plans, demonstrations, and presentation aids. All student manuals and instructor guides are available as PDF files on a CD-ROM (Model A). Uses rugged, high-quality components designed for educational purposes Each component is identified with standard microwave symbol and part List of Available Training Systems Qty Description Model 1 Standard Microwave Technology Training System Complete Microwave Technology Training System, with Hybrid Tee and Pin Diode Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications (Add-On to ) Standard Microwave Technology Training System, without Microwave Measurement Equipment 8090-A5 Festo Didactic 3

4 Model Qty Description 1 Microwave Basic System, without Microwave Measurement Equipment 8090-B5 Optional Equipment Qty Description Model 1 Dual Trace Oscilloscope Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier Dual Function Generator FM/PM Receiver Dust Cover for Model 8090 (Modules) Dust Cover for Model 8090 (Component Drawer) Summing Amplifier Optional Manual(s) Model Qty Description 1 Microwave Technology Training System (Manuals on CD-ROM) A0 Available Training Systems Standard Microwave Technology Training System The Standard Microwave Technology Training System is part of the Telecommunications Training Systems. It comes standard with all power supplies, instrumentation, highquality microwave components, and accessories required to perform the experiments. This system covers the principles of microwave signals and their propagation, the construction and operation of microwave components, as well as the techniques used to measure power, attenuation, SWR, and impedance. The experiments are performed using the provided microwave measurement equipment (SWR Meter, Power Meter, and Thermistor Mount). List of Equipment Qty Description Model 1 Gunn Oscillator Power Supply SWR Meter Power Meter Gunn Oscillator Used in conjunction with the Dual Function Generator, Model , and FM/PM Receiver, Model , to perform an optional exercise in the Microwave Fundamentals manual. 2 Used in conjunction with the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401, and FM/PM Receiver, Model , to perform an optional exercise in the Microwave Fundamentals manual. 3 Used in conjunction with the Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier, Model 9401, and Dual Function Generator, Model , to perform an optional exercise in the Microwave Fundamentals manual. 4 Festo Didactic

5 Qty Description Model 1 Slotted Line Thermistor Mount Crystal Detector Directional Coupler, 10 GHz Slide-Screw Tuner Matched Load Variable Attenuator Fixed Attenuator 6 db Fixed Attenuator 30 db Horn Antenna Microwave Accessories Leads and Accessories Waveguide Support Antenna Azimuth Indicator Amplifier Storage Tray List of Manuals Manual Description Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) Microwave Fundamentals (Instructor Guide) Table of Contents of the Manual(s) Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) ( ) 1 Familiarization with Microwave Equipment 2 Power Measurements 3 The Gunn Oscillator 4 Calibration of the Variable Attenuator 5 Detection of Microwave Signals 6 Attenuation Measurements 7 Standing Waves 8 The Directional Coupler 9 Reflection Coefficient Measurements 10 SWR Measurements 11 Impedance Measurements 12 Reactive Impedances 13 Impedance Matching 14 Antennas and Propagation 15 Microwave Optics 16 A Microwave Transmission Demonstration Festo Didactic 5

6 Complete Microwave Technology Training System, with Hybrid Tee and Pin Diode The Complete Microwave Technology Training System, with Hybrid Tee and Pin Diode covers all the topics of Microwave Fundamentals, and it further expands on microwave technologies with the study of microwave tees, PIN diodes, and applications. Furthermore, students can implement and test a wireless video transmission system that uses a PIN diode as a microwave AM modulator. It includes all the Equipment provided in the standard training system, as well as a PIN Diode, a Hybrid Tee, a Video Amplifier, and a PIN Diode/RF Oscillator Controller. Wireless video transmission system that uses a PIN diode as a microwave AM modulator (video camera and receiver not included) List of Equipment Qty Description Model 1 Gunn Oscillator Power Supply SWR Meter Power Meter Gunn Oscillator Slotted Line Thermistor Mount Crystal Detector Directional Coupler, 10 GHz Slide-Screw Tuner Matched Load Variable Attenuator Fixed Attenuator 6 db Fixed Attenuator 30 db Horn Antenna Microwave Accessories Hybrid Tee PIN Diode Video Amplifier PIN Diode/RF Oscillator Controller Leads and Accessories Waveguide Support Festo Didactic

7 Qty Description Model 1 Antenna Azimuth Indicator Amplifier Storage Tray Storage for PIN Diode and Hybrid Tee 9599-A0 List of Manuals Manual Description Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) Microwave Fundamentals (Instructor Guide) PIN Diodes, Microwave Tees, and Applications (Student Manual) PIN Diodes, Microwave Tees, and Applications (Instructor Guide) Table of Contents of the Manual(s) Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) ( ) 1 Familiarization with Microwave Equipment 2 Power Measurements 3 The Gunn Oscillator 4 Calibration of the Variable Attenuator 5 Detection of Microwave Signals 6 Attenuation Measurements 7 Standing Waves 8 The Directional Coupler 9 Reflection Coefficient Measurements 10 SWR Measurements 11 Impedance Measurements 12 Reactive Impedances 13 Impedance Matching 14 Antennas and Propagation 15 Microwave Optics 16 A Microwave Transmission Demonstration PIN Diodes, Microwave Tees, and Applications (Student Manual) ( ) 1 PIN Diodes 2 Wireless Video Transmission System (Optional) 3 Hybrid Tees System Ratings Frequency Power Waveguide Type Flange Type Physical Characteristics Intended Location Dimensions (H x W x D) Net Weight GHz mw WR90 (R100, WG16) Mates UG39/U (UBR100) On a table able to support the weight of the equipment 660 x 1510 x 1190 mm (26 x 59.5 x 46.9 in) TBE Festo Didactic 7

8 Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications (Add-On to ) The Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications is an add-on to the Complete Microwave Technology Training System, with Hybrid Tee and Pin Diode, Model It consists of a Voltage- Controlled RF Oscillator, a Resonant Cavity Frequency Meter, and a storage box that hangs on either side of the Storage Tray. The accompanying courseware covers microwave variable-frequency measurements and applications. Model can also be used as an add-on to the Standard Microwave Technology Training System, Model , with the addition of a PIN Diode/RF Oscillator Controller, Model List of Equipment Qty Description Model 1 Voltage-Controlled RF Oscillator Resonant-Cavity Frequency Meter Storage for Frequency Measurement Devices 9599-B0 List of Manuals Manual Description Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications (Student Manual) Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications (Instructor Guide) Table of Contents of the Manual(s) Microwave Variable-Frequency Measurements and Applications (Student Manual) ( ) 1 Microwave Frequency Measurements 2 Microwave Variable-Frequency Oscillators 3 Microwave Frequency Modulation and Demodulation Standard Microwave Technology Training System, without Microwave Measurement Equipment 8090-A5 The Standard Microwave Technology Training System is available without the standard microwave measurement equipment (that is, without the SWR Meter, Power Meter, and Thermistor Mount). The resulting system, Model 8090-A, includes all other components, as well as the Microwave Fundamentals manual. However, users must provide their own microwave measurement equipment and adapt the experiments accordingly. List of Equipment 8 Festo Didactic

9 Qty Description Model 1 Gunn Oscillator Power Supply Gunn Oscillator Slotted Line Thermistor Mount Crystal Detector Directional Coupler, 10 GHz Slide-Screw Tuner Matched Load Variable Attenuator Fixed Attenuator 6 db Fixed Attenuator 30 db Horn Antenna Microwave Accessories Leads and Accessories Waveguide Support Antenna Azimuth Indicator Amplifier Storage Tray List of Manuals Manual Description Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) Microwave Fundamentals (Instructor Guide) Table of Contents of the Manual(s) Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) ( ) 1 Familiarization with Microwave Equipment 2 Power Measurements 3 The Gunn Oscillator 4 Calibration of the Variable Attenuator 5 Detection of Microwave Signals 6 Attenuation Measurements 7 Standing Waves 8 The Directional Coupler 9 Reflection Coefficient Measurements 10 SWR Measurements 11 Impedance Measurements 12 Reactive Impedances 13 Impedance Matching 14 Antennas and Propagation 15 Microwave Optics 16 A Microwave Transmission Demonstration System Festo Didactic 9

10 Ratings Frequency Power Waveguide Type Flange Type Physical Characteristics Intended Location Dimensions (H x W x D) Net Weight GHz mw WR90 (R100, WG16) Mates UG39/U (UBR100) On a table able to support the weight of the equipment 660 x 1510 x 1190 mm (26 x 59.5 x 46.9 in) TBE Microwave Basic System, without Microwave Measurement Equipment 8090-B5 The Microwave Basic System, without Microwave Measurement Equipment is a basic version of the Standard Microwave Technology Training System, Model , and includes some of the same components. It does not include the microwave measurement equipment (SWR Meter, Power Meter, and Thermistor Mount) and users must provide their own to perform the exercises. The accompanying courseware covers part of the Microwave Fundamentals manual. List of Equipment Qty Description Model 1 Gunn Oscillator Power Supply Gunn Oscillator Slotted Line Crystal Detector Directional Coupler, 10 GHz Slide-Screw Tuner Matched Load Variable Attenuator Fixed Attenuator 30 db Microwave Accessories Leads and Accessories 9590-A0 1 Amplifier List of Manuals Manual Description Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) Microwave Fundamentals (Instructor Guide) Table of Contents of the Manual(s) Microwave Fundamentals (Student Manual) ( ) 10 Festo Didactic

11 1 Familiarization with Microwave Equipment 2 Power Measurements 3 The Gunn Oscillator 4 Calibration of the Variable Attenuator 5 Detection of Microwave Signals 6 Attenuation Measurements 7 Standing Waves 8 The Directional Coupler 9 Reflection Coefficient Measurements 10 SWR Measurements 11 Impedance Measurements 12 Reactive Impedances 13 Impedance Matching 14 Antennas and Propagation 15 Microwave Optics 16 A Microwave Transmission Demonstration System Ratings Frequency Power Waveguide Type Flange Type Physical Characteristics Intended Location Dimensions (H x W x D) Net Weight GHz mw WR90 (R100, WG16) Mates UG39/U (UBR100) On a table able to support the weight of the equipment 660 x 1510 x 1190 mm (26 x 59.5 x 46.9 in) TBE Equipment Description Gunn Oscillator Power Supply Acquisition Interface. The Gunn Oscillator Power Supply is intended for use with the Gunn Oscillator, Model The OUTPUT of the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply connects to the Gunn Oscillator, via a power switch inside the Data The voltage control knob on the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply allows users to change the voltage applied to the Gunn Oscillator and so vary the output power of the Gunn Oscillator's output signal. The frequency of this signal cannot be varied and is fixed at approximately 10.5 GHz. Power Requirements Current Service Installation Output 0.5 A Standard single-phase ac outlet 0-10 V (dc or 1 khz square wave), 500 ma Festo Didactic 11

12 SWR Meter The SWR Meter can be used to perform the following: frequency of approximately1 khz, and an indicator. microwave power and attenuation measurements microwave frequency measurements and standing wave ratio (SWR) measurements. The SWR Meter essentially consists of a narrow-band amplifier tuned to a The microwave signals to be measured with the SWR Meter must be amplitude modulated by a 1 khz square wave. This square wave is produced by the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply. Dynamic Range 0-70 db (SWR: 1 to 3200) Power Meter The Power Meter is used to measure relative (dbm) and absolute (mw) power levels. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the Thermistor Mount, Model Range 0-10 mw (-10 dbm to +10 dbm) 12 Festo Didactic

13 Gunn Oscillator The Gunn Oscillator provides the microwave signal source used in various microwave training systems. This oscillator generates a microwave signal having a frequency of GHz. The power of the microwave signal generated by the Gunn Oscillator can be varied by varying the voltage applied to this oscillator by the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply, Model Output Frequency Output Power GHz ± 0.01 GHz 10 mw (minimum), 25 mw (maximum) Voltage-Controlled RF Oscillator The Voltage-Controlled RF Oscillator is a module used in certain exercises of the Microwave Training System. A built-in prescaler facilitates frequency measurement of the microwave signal produced by the RF oscillator's voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Frequency Range GHz (typical) Control Voltage 0-10 V dc Output Power At least 8 dbm (6.3 mw) Prescaler (BNC) Output Frequency VCO output signal s frequency divided by 64 Open-Circuit P-P Voltage 500 mv Impedance 50 Ω Festo Didactic 13

14 Modulation Slotted Line Via a DB-9 connector used to apply a 1 khz on/off modulation signal, or a frequency modulating signal. The Slotted Line can be used to measure the distance between the minima and the maxima of a standing wave. It consists of a low-loss waveguide section with a narrow, longitudinal slot in the top wall. A sliding carriage, containing a probe connected to a crystal detector, can be moved along the waveguide. Residual SWR 1.03 typical Thermistor Mount The Thermistor Mount consists of a thermistor that is permanently housed in a waveguide section. Two matching screws and a moveable short circuit are used to maximize the microwave power reaching the thermistor. Maximum Safe Power 50 mw 14 Festo Didactic

15 Crystal Detector The Crystal Detector is required to measure power or attenuation using the SWR Meter, Model Tangential Sensitivity -40 dbm (minimum) Directional Coupler, 10 GHz The Directional Coupler is of the crossguide type and has the following characteristics: It is formed by the superposition of two crossed waveguides sharing a common wall. The waveguides are at right angles to each other. Two cruciform openings located a quarter wavelength (λg/4) apart are made in the common wall. These openings allow the microwave signal to couple from one guide into the other. Coupling Factor 20 db ± 1 db Festo Didactic 15

16 Resonant-Cavity Frequency Meter The Resonant-Cavity Frequency Meter is a device used in the Microwave Training System to perform frequency measurements. Power Absorption Dip 0.25 db (typical) Slide-Screw Tuner The Slide-Screw Tuner consists of a variable susceptance of adjustable position that allows the matching of a load to be carried out without calculations. The value of the reactance provided by the Slide-Screw Tuner can be varied and its position adjusted to minimize the reflection coefficient in the waveguide. Insertion Loss 0.2 db 16 Festo Didactic

17 Matched Load The Matched Load consists of a WR90 waveguide-type load having a standing wave ratio (SWR) of 1.03 and that operates at a frequency of GHz (typical). SWR 1.03 Variable Attenuator The Variable Attenuator is a device used to reduce the power level at the input of microwave components. It is of the side vane type. A plastic fiberglass blade with a resistive coating is used to produce attenuation. The blade is inserted vertically into the waveguide, parallel to the short side walls. The attenuation produced by the attenuator depends on the position of the blade in the waveguide. The blade position can be changed by using the attenuator's micrometer. The attenuation increases as the blade is moved towards the center of the waveguide. Range 0 to 35 db Festo Didactic 17

18 Fixed Attenuator 6 db The Fixed Attenuator 6 db is a WR90 waveguide-type attenuator that consists of a section of waveguide providing a fixed attenuation of 6 db and operating at a frequency of GHz (typical). Attenuation 6 db Fixed Attenuator 30 db The Fixed Attenuator 30 db is a WR90 waveguide-type attenuator that consists of a section of waveguide providing a fixed attenuation of 30 db and operating at a frequency of GHz (typical). Attenuation 30 db 18 Festo Didactic

19 Horn Antenna The Horn Antenna is used to perform experiments related to a variety of topics, such as FM-CW radar, antenna gain, and microwaves. When used in conjunction with the Radar Antenna, the Horn Antenna allows separate transmission and reception of RF signals. It is also used in certain EW demonstrations. Gain Distance Microwave Accessories db Between the transmitting and receiving horn antennas: 40 cm (16 in). The Microwave Accessories is a kit of accessories that consists of a fixed short circuit, an inductive iris, and a capacitive iris used to create reactive impedance. It also contains three types of lenses (long and short triangular lenses and half-circle lens) used to change the path of microwave signals. Festo Didactic 19

20 Hybrid Tee The Hybrid Tee, also called magic tee, is a combination of a H-plane tee and a E-plane tee. It has four arms: The H-(Σ) plane arm, which is in the direction of the H (magnetic) field. The E-(Δ) plane arm, which is in the direction of the E (electric) field. Two lateral arms. The lateral arms are disposed about an imaginary plane dividing the H- and E- plane arms symmetrically. signals into a single signal. The Hybrid Tee is used to split a microwave signal into two even signals and to combine two microwave Hybrid Tee 180 hybrid, 3 db coupling PIN Diode The PIN Diode is a semiconductor device that acts like a variable resistor at microwave frequencies. The resistance of the diode is controlled by varying the dc current used to forward bias the diode. PIN diodes are used in numerous microwave and wireless applications, including those listed below. Microwave switching. Variable attenuators. PIN diode attenuators can be designed as matched or reflective. Amplitude modulation and leveling of microwave signals. Microwave phase shifters. PIN Diode Type Maximum Attenuation Internal Resistor Control Signals GaAs At approximatively GHz A 620 Ω resistor is internally connected between the BNC input of the PIN Diode and the diode itself. The bias and modulation signals used to control the diode are provided by the Data Acquisition Interface. 20 Festo Didactic

21 Video Amplifier The Video Amplifier is a video signal amplifier that has a gain adjustable up to 50 db and a bandwidth of 5 MHz. Video Amplifier Gain Input Impedance Output Impedance Bandwidth Adjustable up to 50 db (maximum) 600 Ω 75 Ω 5 MHz PIN Diode/RF Oscillator Controller The PIN Diode/RF Oscillator Controller is a controller that provides control and modulation signals for the Voltage Controlled RF Oscillator, Model 9511, or the PIN Diode, Model When the controller is used with the Voltage Controlled RF Oscillator, a frequency control knob allows variation of the RF Oscillator frequency from 9.6 to 10.6 GHz (typical variation range). An internal 1 khz square-wave signal permits amplitude modulation of the PIN Diode bias voltage. A frequency modulation input can be used for receiving an external modulating signal (e.g. speech or music information). When the controller is used with the PIN Diode, a bias control knob allows adjustment of the PIN Diode bias. A modulation input can be used for receiving an external amplitude modulating signal (audio, video, etc.) having a maximum bandwidth of 6 MHz and a maximum amplitude of 1 V peak-to-peak (e.g. an NTSC signal). Current and voltage terminals allow measurement of the PIN Diode bias current and bias voltage. Description Supply Provides control and modulation signals for the Voltage Controlled RF Oscillator, Model 9511, and the PIN Diode, Model DB-9 supply cable that connects at the top of the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply Festo Didactic 21

22 PIN Diode control and monitoring Voltage Controlled RF Oscillator control Bias control adjustment knob; modulation input for receiving an external amplitude modulating signal (audio, video, etc.) having a maximum bandwidth of 6 MHz and a maximum amplitude of 1 V peak-to-peak (e.g. an NTCS signal); current and voltage terminals used to measure PIN Diode bias current and bias voltage. Frequency control knob (typical variation range of 9.6 to 10.6 GHz); internal 1 khz square-wave signal permitting amplitude modulation of the PIN Diode bias voltage; frequency modulation input for receiving an external modulating signal (e.g. speech or music information) Leads and Accessories The Leads and Accessories kit contains the various cables and accessories required to perform the exercises in the program training manuals. The accessories package contains the following parts: two different lengths of coaxial cables terminated with BNC connectors, a BNC T-connector, microwave quick fasteners, a plastic reflector and a steel reflector. These accessories are provided in a convenient plastic storage case. Leads and Accessories 9590-A0 convenient plastic storage case. This Leads and Accessories kit contains the various cables and accessories required to perform the exercises in the program training manuals. The accessories package contains the following parts: two different lengths of coaxial cables terminated with BNC connectors, a BNC T-connector and microwave quick fasteners. These accessories come in a 22 Festo Didactic

23 Waveguide Support The Waveguide Support consists of a set of supports allowing the secure mounting of microwave setups at various heights. Antenna Azimuth Indicator The Antenna Azimuth Indicator is a rotating support that is used to turn the mast of an antenna over a 360 range. A graduated scale on the mast indicates the current orientation of the antenna. Festo Didactic 23

24 Amplifier The Amplifier is a low-noise, high-gain audio amplifier that is used to amplify the signals produced by the Crystal Detector, Model 9522, and the Slotted Line, Model Storage Tray The Storage Tray consists of a storage box for storing equipment included in the Microwave Technology Training System, Model Storage for PIN Diode and Hybrid Tee 9599-A0 The Storage for PIN Diode and Hybrid Tee consists of a small storage box for storing the PIN Diode, Model 9538, and the Hybrid Tee, Model 9537, included in the Microwave Technology Training System, Model Storage for Frequency Measurement Devices 9599-B0 The Storage for Frequency Measurement Devices consists of a long storage box for storing the different frequency measurement devices included in the Microwave Technology Training System, Model Festo Didactic

25 Optional Equipment Description Dual Trace Oscilloscope (Optional) The Dual Trace Oscilloscope is an economical and highly reliable solidstate instrument, ideal for generalpurpose use in laboratory and training applications. Students can measure phase difference between waveforms using the X-Y operation mode, and video signals can be measured quickly with the special TV sync separation circuit. The Dual Trace Oscilloscope includes CH 1, CH 2, CHOP, and ALT display modes. An operating instruction manual, one fuse, one line cord, and two low-capacitance probes are provided with the oscilloscope. Features & Benefits 15 cm (6 inch) width, high luminance CRT with internal graticule, 8 x 10 divisions Wide dynamic range even at high frequencies of 3 db Fast rise time with low overshoot Flat frequency response up to half of 3 db frequency Alternate and chopping display Polarity inversion and algebraic sum of CH1 and CH2 Maximum sweep rates of 20 ns/div. Variable scale illumination Delayed sweep function with minimum delay time jitter of 1/20,000 or less Jitterless and superb trigger sensitivity TV sync separation and hold-off circuit useful for video signal observation Brightness modulation available with Z-axis input Low drift with compensation circuitry Signal delay with delay line useful for observation of signal leading edge X-Y phase difference measurement up to 50 khz Power Requirements Current Service Installation CRT Display Type Effective Area Acceleration Potential Vertical Deflection 0.25 A Standard single-phase ac outlet cm (6 in) rectangular, internal graticule, scale illumination 8 x 10 div (1 div = 1 cm) 12 kv Sensitivity 5 mv/div to 5 V/div in 10 calibrated steps ±3% Bandwidth Rise Time Maximum Input Input Coupling 1 mv/div to 1 V/div ±5% when using x5 magnifier Uncalibrated continuous control between steps 1:<2.5 DC to 40 MHz (-3 db); dc to 7 MHz (-3 db) when using x5 magnifier Less than 8.8 ns 300 V (dc + ac peak) or 500 V p-p ac at 1 khz or less AC, GND, DC Festo Didactic 25

26 Input Impedance 1 meg in parallel with 25 pf Operating Modes CH1, CH2 (INVERT), ADD, DUAL (CHOP: Time/div sw 0.2 s - 5 ms; ALT: Time/div sw 2 ms - 0.2µs) X-Y Operation CH1: X-axis, CH2: Y-axis Horizontal Deflection Display A, A int B, B, B triggered, X-Y Time Base A 0.2 µs/div to 0.2 s/div in 19 calibrated steps ±3% uncalibrated continuous control between steps at least 1:<2.5 Time Base B 0.2 µs/div to 20 µs/div in 7 calibrated steps ±3% Trigger Modes Auto, Norm, TV-V, TV-H Coupling AC Sources CH 1, CH 2, LINE, EXT Sensitivity (Internal Source) 0.5 div (20 Hz to 2 MHz), 1.5 div (2 MHz to 40 MHz) Sensitivity (External Source) 200 mv (20 Hz to 2 MHz), 800 mv (2 MHz to 20 MHz) Slope + or - TV Sync Polarity: TV (-) Calibrator 1 khz, square wave, 0.5 ±3%, duty cycle: 50% Accessories Power cable, fuse, operation manual, 2 probes Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) 140 x 320 x 430 mm (5.5 x 12.6 x 16.9 in) Net Weight 5.7 kg (12.57 lb) Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier (Optional) The Power Supply / Dual Audio Amplifier module forms the physical base for the analog and digital communications training systems, and can be used in several other training systems. It is double-width to accommodate two instructional modules or two instrument modules in a side-byside configuration. A two-channel audio amplifier with headphone jacks and speakers accommodates FM stereo and narrowband FM and AM receiver outputs. The power supply distributes power to the complete system and provides three regulated dc voltage outputs (15 V 0.5 A; -15 V 0.5 A; +5 V 1 A) on the faceplate. Also unregulated voltages are distributed to the system modules through a connector located on each module. These unregulated voltages are regulated within each module to provide the required voltages. Each regulated supply has an LED indicator that shuts off if the supply is overloaded due to equipment malfunction or if a faulty power connection is made to external equipment. Power Requirement Current Service Installation Power Outputs Unregulated Power Bus Regulated Front Panel Dual Audio Amplifier Rating Bandwidth Input Impedance Nominal Output Power Sensitivity (at nominal output power) Output Impedance (intermediate outputs) Maximum Output Level (open-circuit) Protection AC Line Input DC Regulated Outputs 2 A Standard single-phase ac outlet ±25 V typ. 3 A max; -25 V typ. 3 A max.; +11 V typ. 5 A max. ±15 V 0.5 A; + 5 V 1 A 50 Hz to 15 khz 10 kω 250 mw 140 mw 1 kω 20 V p-p Circuit breaker Foldback current-limiting 26 Festo Didactic

27 DC Unregulated Outputs Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) Net Weight Circuit breaker 104 x 687 x 305 mm (4.1 x 27 x 12 in) 15.8 kg (34.8 lb) Dual Function Generator (Optional) The Dual Function Generator consists of two independent function generators (A and B), each capable of generating a sine-wave signal, a square-wave signal, a triangular-wave signal, a sawtooth-wave signal, and a pulse signal with variable pulse-width. The signal frequency can be varied from 10 Hz to 100 khz through four ranges. A digital display is pushbutton-selectable between generators A and B to monitor the frequency of each generator. Each generator output signal level is continuously variable and may be attenuated by push buttonselected switch attenuators. TTL output signals are provided to synchronize external equipment, such as an oscilloscope. Generator A may be frequency-modulated by a signal from generator B or from an external source. The module is fully protected against short circuits and misconnections. Students use the instruments to make measurements in laboratory experiments performed on AM, FM, and digital communications systems. Power Requirement Generators (A & B) Rating Waveforms Pulse Duty Cycle 10 to 90 % Frequency Ranges Frequency Display (switchable between A & B) Output Impedance Output Level (open circuit) Attenuator Synchronization Outputs Frequency Modulation (Channel A only) Input Impedance Maximum Frequency Deviation Input Level for Maximum Deviation Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) Net Weight ±25 V typ. 3 A max; -25 V typ. 3 A max.; +11 V typ. 5 A max. Sine, triangle, square, sawtooth, or pulse Hz, Hz, 1-10 khz, khz 4 digits 50 Ω 10 mv p-p to 10 V p-p 0, 20, or 40 db One for each channel (SYNC/TTL) 100 kω 50 % of each side of the rest frequency 10 V p-p 162 x 330 x 300 mm (6.4 x 13 x 11.8 in) 4.4 kg (9.7 lb) Festo Didactic 27

28 FM/PM Receiver (Optional) The FM/PM Receiver offers training in multiplex and wideband FM (covering commercial broadcast techniques), narrowband FM (widely used in commercial and military communications systems), and PM reception. PM reception is used in such applications as satellite communications, data communications, over narrowband communications systems, telephone lines, microwave communications lines and links. When the FM/PM Receiver is connected with the Direct FM Multiplex Generator, a complete commercial FM system is established. Students can readily see the effects of stereo signal generation, multiplexing techniques, and modulation. When the FM/PM Receiver is connected to the Indirect FM/PM Generator, a narrowband FM communications link is established, allowing the student to explore the generation and reception of narrowband FM and PM signals. RF inputs to the receiver are between 88 and 108 MHz for stereo and wideband FM, and 10.7 MHz for narrowband FM and PM. A demodulated audio signal is available at the NBFM audio output when a signal is injected at the RF input. When the output of the crystal discriminator is connected to the input of the integrator, a demodulated audio signal is available at the PM audio output. The WBFM section is equipped with two 50 Ω RF inputs, a balanced 300 Ω RF input for an external antenna connection, and an RF tuning knob which allows tuning across the 88- to 108-MHz band. A 3-LED tuning indicator and a 10-LED bar graph display (indicating received signal level) facilitate accurate tuning. The presence of the 19 khz pilot signal illuminates an LED also. A 2½ digit display can show the frequency deviation of the received WBFM or NBFM signals. These meters are often used on modern communications receivers. Receiver outputs for FM left and right stereophonic channels, monophonic FM, NBFM, and PM are provided, as well as an SCA channel audio output, often used for background music programming. Power Requirements Power Requirements WBFM Section Input Impedance +25 V dc ma +11 V dc ma -25 V dc ma 2 inputs at 50 Ω, 1 input at 300 Ω (balanced) 50 Ω Input Sensitivity 55 µv (typical for both inputs for 10 db S/N at baseband output) 300 kω Input Sensitivity 15 µv ( typical for 10 db S/N at baseband output) AUX IF Input Impedance Control RF Tuning Range Intermediate Outputs Indicator PM/NBFM Section Input Frequency Input Impedance Input Level Sensitivity Audio Outputs 50 Ω RF tuning 88 to 108 MHz IF (10.7 MHz), baseband Deviation (switchable between WBFM and NBFM) 10.7 MHz 2 inputs at 50 Ω 3 mv (typical for 100 mv p-p at NBFM audio output) 28 Festo Didactic

29 L, R, L + R Bandwidth 50 Hz to 15 khz SCA, NBFM, PM Bandwidth Impedance Fault-Insertion Switches 12 Test Points 35 Indicators Physical Characteristics Dimensions (H x W x D) Net Weight 200 Hz to 3 khz 1 kω (all outputs) Center tuning, signal level, pilot (19 khz), deviation display (2½ digits), Power ON 162 x 330 x 300 mm (6.4 x 13.0 x 11.8 in) 4.7 kg (10.3 lb) Dust Cover for Model 8090 (Modules) (Optional) The Dust Cover is a flexible fabric cover specially designed to protect the modules of various microwave training systems against the accumulation of dust during extended storage periods. Dust Cover for Model 8090 (Component Drawer) (Optional) The Dust Cover is a flexible fabric cover specially designed to protect a component drawer of various microwave training systems against the accumulation of dust during extended storage periods. Summing Amplifier (Optional) The Summing Amplifier is an audio amplifier used for wireless microwave transmission. The amplifier adds the signal produced at the output of the Gunn Oscillator Power Supply, Model 9501, to a modulating audio signal. The resulting signal is applied to the Gunn Oscillator, Model 9510, for transmission into space. Manual Manual Description A Microwave Transmission Demonstration (Student Manual) Table of Contents of the Manual(s) A Microwave Transmission Demonstration (Student Manual) ( ) 1 A Microwave Transmission Demonstration Typical input voltage 1 V peak-to-peak Festo Didactic 29

30 Reflecting the commitment of Festo Didactic to high quality standards in product, design, development, production, installation, and service, our manufacturing and distribution facility has received the ISO 9001 certification. Festo Didactic reserves the right to make product improvements at any time and without notice and is not responsible for typographical errors. Festo Didactic recognizes all product names used herein as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Festo Didactic Inc All rights reserved. Festo Didactic SE Rechbergstrasse Denkendorf Germany P. +49(0)711/ F. +49(0)711/ Festo Didactic Inc. 607 Industrial Way West Eatontown, NJ United States P F Festo Didactic Ltée/Ltd 675 rue du Carbone Québec QC G2N 2K7 Canada P F Festo Didactic