ZTEC Instruments. Ultrasonic Stimulus and Response Tests Leveraging Modular Instrumentation. Creston Kuenzi, Applications Engineer

Transcription

1 ZTEC Instruments Ultrasonic Stimulus and Response Tests Leveraging Modular Instrumentation Creston Kuenzi, Applications Engineer

2 Presentation Roadmap Brief History of Ultrasonic Tests Ultrasonic Test Concepts & Techniques Traditional vs. Modular Test Approach British Geological Survey Application 2

3 Brief History of Ultrasonic Test

4 Key Developments of Ultrasonic Test 1794 Lazzaro Spallanzani Italian Biologist Demonstrated bats ability to navigate using high frequency inaudible sound waves 1826 Jean-Daniel Colladon Swiss Physicist First Demonstration of Ultrasound Mid-1800s Physicists improve understanding of sound waves including transmissions, propagation, and refraction 4

5 Key Developments of Ultrasonic Test 1876 Gabriel Galton Generated inaudible high frequency sound waves with Galton whistle Pierre and Jacques Curie Observed Piezoelectric effect (showed electrical potential in quartz crystal when put under a mechanical pressure) 1900 Paul Langevin Developed hydrophone (high-frequency echo sounding device) 5

6 Key Developments of Ultrasonic Test 1928 Sergei Sokolov Showed that flaws could be detected by monitoring ultrasonic energy transmitted across metal Japanese Researchers Explored medical ultrasound applications for detecting gallstones and tumors. 1950s s Test Engineers Ultrasonic nondestructive tests emerge to find defective components, flaws, and cracks 6

7 Key Developments of Ultrasonic Test 1980s - Present Test Engineers Leverage PCs and improved instrumentation for faster, more accurate tests 7

8 Ultrasonic Test Concepts & Techniques

9 V = C p Acoustics Definition Ultrasonic Testing is largely based on Acoustics which is how a material s particles react to sound waves Sound waves travel through materials at a predictable speed V = C p V = velocity, c = elastic constant, p = material density 9

10 Four Main Types of Wave Propagation Longitudinal particles move in parallel with sound wave. Shear -- particles move perpendicular to sound wave. Surface -- particles follow an elliptical pattern and stay along the surface. Plate -- particles follow mostly an elliptical pattern and move through entire thickness of material. 10

11 V = C p Acoustic Impedance of Materials Determines how much sound will be transmitted and reflected at the boundary between two materials Z = pv R = Z Z 2 2 Z + Z Z = acoustic impedance, p = material density, v = acoustic velocity, R = % of wave reflected 11

12 Reflection and Transmission of Sound Waves Z(water) = Z(steel) =

13 Refraction of Sound Waves Sound waves bend when they move between different materials at an angle sinϑ 1 sinϑ = 2 V L V L 1 2 O 1 is the angle of the incident wave, O 2 is the angle of the refracted wave, and V L1 and V L2 are the longitudinal wave velocities in the two materials. 13

14 Reflection and Refraction of Sound Waves 14

15 Ultrasonic Transducer Facts Convert electrical pulses to mechanical vibrations and vice versa Most consist of a polarized piezoelectric ceramic Applying a voltage causes polarized molecules to align and the material changes shape. Applying AC voltage causes material to oscillate, generating sound waves Mechanical sound wave impacting material, induces a voltage, in the same way 15

16 Transducers 16

17 Traditional vs. Modular Test Approach

18 Traditional Test Approach 18

19 Modular Test Approach 19

20 British Geological Survey Application

21 Agenda Benchtop vs. modular instrumentation & merging use cases Synthetic vs. enterprise instrumentation Hardware & software for enterprise instrumentation Benefits of enterprise instrumentation Enterprise instrumentation use cases Conclusions 21

22 Questions?

23 Thank you! ZTEC Instruments Booth # Phone: (505)

24 Benchtop vs. Modular

25 Benchtop Instruments Powerful Hardware E.g., a Benchtop Oscilloscope Advanced Functionality & Analysis Intuitive Front Panel Buttons & Knobs Slow Throughput to PC Difficult Integration Large Footprint / Significant Rack Space Typical Use Cases Mostly manual usage Some automation (ATE) Minimal remote usage (usually with slow access times) 25

26 Traditional Modular Instruments E.g., a PXI digitizer Basic hardware Lacks Advanced Built-In Hardware Functionality & Analysis No Front Panel/Buttons/Knobs Non-Existing or Non-Intuitive Soft Front Panel High-Speed Throughput to PC Flexible Software Integration Small Footprint / Minimal Chassis Space Typical Use Cases Mostly automated usage (ATE, embedded) Little manual usage Limited remote usage 26

27 Modern Modular Instruments E.g., Modular Oscilloscopes Powerful Hardware Advanced Functionality & Analysis Intuitive Soft Front Panel Fast Throughput to PC Flexible Integration SW Small Footprint / Minimal Rack Space 27

28 Modern Modular Oscilloscopes Advanced Triggering Multiple Acquisition Modes Oscilloscope Memory Multiple Options Flexible Signal Conditioning On-board Signal Processing Oscilloscope Interface Input Signal A/D Converter Data Memory Data Bus 28

29 Industry Trends Towards Modular / Benchtop Convergence PC-based test software (e.g., LabVIEW) Synthetic instrumentation PC-based instruments (e.g., USB, LAN connectivity) LXI 29

30 Modular / Benchtop Instrument Use Case Convergence Traditional Benchtop Usage, Now with Modular Instruments Manual usage: advanced hardware & analysis with intuitive soft front panels Remote usage: special protocols enable responsive remote control from nearly anywhere Traditional Modular Usage Automated/ATE usage: classlevel drivers promotes instrument flexibility and code re-use 30

31 Enterprise Instrumentation

32 Synthetic vs. Enterprise Instrumentation Synthetic Instrumentation: Implemented using generic hardware (e.g., up/down converters, digitizers,...) Application-specific functionality is provided in software RESULT: The same system can easily be reconfigured for different applications (e.g., GSM EDGE CDMA, and/or Wi-Fi Bluetooth WiMax) Enterprise Instrumentation: Implemented using more application-specific instruments (network/spectrum analyzers, oscilloscopes,...) Software may be used for additional analysis RESULT: The same instruments can be used throughout an organization (e.g., R&D Design Validation Production Calibration Service) 32

33 Enterprise Instrumentation: Hardware Requirements Comprehensive functionality High data throughput Instrument portability Advanced Triggering Multiple Acquisition Modes Oscilloscope Memory Multiple Options Flexible Signal Conditioning On-board Signal Processing Oscilloscope Interface Input Signal A/D Converter Data Memory Data Bus 33

34 Enterprise Instrumentation: Software Intuitive Software Front Panels (SFPs) Universal software promotes flexibility and re-use 34

35 Benefits of Enterprise Instrumentation Increased Productivity Common hardware Common measurement/analysis algorithms HW/SW familiarity amongst groups Less downtime (backup instruments) Instrument redundancy Decreased Test Costs Volume discounts Less training 35

36 Enterprise Instrumentation: Use Case Examples For Digital Oscilloscopes

37 R&D Usage Largely manual usage Requires advanced and flexible hardware, acquisition and analysis Requires full-featured control & display software 37

38 Design Verification Usage Semi-automated operation for pre-defined tasks Requires some flexibility for troubleshooting 38

39 Production Test Usage Almost entirely automated operation Clear UI reports pass/fail for required tests 39

40 Service & Repair Usage Combination of automated and manual operation Reduced feature SW provides a simplified UI 40

41 Summary Modular and benchtop instrument use cases are converging Enterprise Instrumentation vs. Synthetic Instrumentation The benefits of Enterprise Instrumentation: Increased Productivity Decreased Test Costs Enterprise Instrumentation enables different use cases throughout an organization 41

42 Questions?

43 Thank you! ZTEC Instruments Booth # Phone: (505)