PETER CLARKE - EW ANALYSIS & INTEGRATION

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Ezra Washington
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1 PETER CLARKE - EW ANALYSIS & INTEGRATION

3 Contents Overview of Tactical EW Scope (inc. doctrine) Military Roles Required Outputs Issues & Challenges Target & EW Asset Types Required EW Capabilities Advantages of Coherent Command & Analysis Challenges QinetiQ s Approach Integration Achievements Trials Conclusions 3

4 Overview of Tactical EW

5 Scope The issues presented in this talk are relevant to tactical ES, EA (including tactical SIGINT) as follows: ES - Electronic Surveillance Detection, Location, Classification, Interception & Analysis of Emitters & Emissions aiming to extract intelligence of interest to tactical commanders EA - Electronic Attack jamming & deception of adversary receivers to disrupt enemy C2 & other comms and to provide Area/Surgical Denial of enemy ISTAR (i.e. not the platform protection role of EW) 5

6 Scope (2) Concepts presented are relevant to: Land, Sea & Air domains/deployments EW Capability is represented by 4 principle disciplines: Communications ES Non-Communications ES Communications EA Non-Communications EA 6

7 Military Roles for EW EW should provide/support the following: Support to Indirect/Direct Fire Offensives Support to IPB & TGP preparation Support to other friendly ISTAR assets Provision of intelligence for Info Ops planning Provision of ECM for Info Operations (i.e. ECM in support of the contact battle) Provision of threat warnings to friendly forces and/or platforms Provision of protection to friendly forces and/or platforms Provision of a jamming screen Support to COMSEC & INFOSEC Support to OPSEC Support to deception Support to counter surveillance (inc. SEAD) Support to SIGINT (collection of parameters for databases/rwrs) Support to deployment into area Support to targeting process Support to BDA Support to BSM (Battlespace Spectrum Management) Support to Evidence Collection 7

8 Required EW Products: Tactical Intelligence Emitter locations (Blue, Red & White) Networks & Command Structures (EOB) Adversary intentions Adversary Network susceptibility (Nodal Analysis) Reporting on J2 Intelligence Requirements (Indicators, Threats & Targets) EMS Usage (for J6) Threat Warnings COMSEC Adversary Capabilities Strategic Intelligence EA Hi-fidelity recordings (of signal internals & externals) EOB Library updates Parametric Library Updates SEI fingerprints Reporting on Strategic IRs deception/spoofing/simulation recce jamming surgical/area denial jamming screen 8

9 Issues & Challenges

CNR Trunk Personal Mobile Comms Radars (non-comms) CW,

10 EW Target Diversity Radios (Comms) HF to Microwave Fixed Frequency, Frequency Hopping, Spread Spectrum etc. CNR Trunk Personal Mobile Comms Radars (non-comms) CW, Frequency agile, LPI, etc. BSR SAR MTI AD, TA, FC, etc. (Pictures Courtesy of Janes) 10

11 EW Asset Diversity Each target type presents its own challenge in terms of: waveform (including modulation) parameters (Frequency, PW, PRI etc.) parameter agilities mode changes etc. The requirement to detect/jam a variety of target types can lead to a variety of sensor and jammer types (in a range of form factors) e.g. multiple Comms ES sensors in manpack, soft-skin vehicle, armoured vehicle, airborne... versions Hence, any integrated EW system must be designed to accommodate the command, control and analysis of a variety of sensor and jammer types (plus any future types) 11

12 Integrated EW Functionality Required: EW Analysis & Integration Capabilities EW Asset (sensor or Jammer) Control Messages Sensor Status Messages Sensor Control Modules Sensor Data Store Modules Command and Planning Tools Analysis Tools Internal and External Interfacing Modules Sensor Data Messages 12

13 Required EW Analysis & Integration functions: An EW Analysis & Integration System needs to support the following functionality: Planning tools (ES & EA) System/User Administration Mission/Tasking/Reporting Management (Command) External Interfaces & Interoperability EW Asset Control (ES & EA) Data Processing, Analysis & Exploitation Internal User Comms & Data dissemination Internal & Boundary Security 13

14 Functionality Requirements for EW Analysis & Integration Systems Command, Planning, Integration, Intelligence Analysis, Dissemination Asset Control Technical Analysis Asset Control Technical Analysis Internal & external comms EW Comms Sensor/Jammer EW Non-Comms Sensor/Jammer 14

15 Potential Advantages of Coherent C2 & Analysis: Enhanced Cueing & Control of EA Coherent tasking between C & NC ES to raise Probability of Intercept (POI) Cueing between ES systems EA assets can used in an ES role when jamming is suspended Coherent analysis between C & NC ES can lead to more efficient intelligence production and associations are more readily spotted. SEI/extra measured features can be used for fusion/association Cueing of precision assets can be optimised 15

16 Issues & Challenges Geographic dispersion vs co-location of functionality Multiple analysts/commanders/operators Choice of automation levels Comms data links Security Data fusion / association (track management & ID control) etc 16

17 QinetiQ s Approach to Integration

18 Military Driver UK Tactical EW Doctrine identifies the requirement for Integrated EW Systems Internal Integration of Tactical EW Elements: Comms ES, Non-Comms ES, Comms EA & Non-Comms EA assets Central C2 & Analysis External Integration of EW Systems into the Military Environment: Interoperability Digitisation & Networkcentric Other nations have identified similar requirements for integration 18

19 Military Context for EW Analysis & Integration Systems Users & Commands C2 + Reporting Other ISTAR EW/SIGINT A&I System Other EW/SIGINT Systems Cues + Collateral EW/SIGINT Assets Integration + Interoperability Other EW/SIGINT Assets 19

20 Systems Engineering Approach taken by QinetiQ EW Group EW Military Roles & required Capabilities Functional Architecture Internal Processes (Planning, C2, Analysis & Reporting) Concepts for Control of ES & EA Concepts for Support Comms Modes of Operation (graceful degradation & recovery) Geolocation Approaches (Comms & Non-Comms) Analysis Methods & Products EW Analysis & Integration IT System Design & Development 20

21 QinetiQ s Integration Suite EW Integration Research Testbed ANALYST TM SHARK TM SWORDFISH TM PUMA CELT FOES Other Manufactures Sensors/Data Advanced Comms ES TDMA Sensor Comms EA Non-Comms ES Non-Comms EA e.g. Agilent Blackbird Prophet Air Prototypes DOLPHIN TM PRECISION CHANNEL Modulation classifier Technical Measurement & SEI 21

22 Integration SUBMARINES CELT DRUID MYSTIC TYPE 45 ANALYST APPLICATION PROPHET II/III DTSP - HUNTER ODETTE BLACKBIRD CREGGAN 22

23 Potential Integration Architecture for a Baseline of 4 Comms EW Assets Connected Electronic Warfare Sensors Position Fixing algorithms. Proxy & Comunications Interface ONE copy of data for each sensor Proxy & Comunications Interface ONE copy of data for each sensor Proxy & Comunications Interface ONE copy of data for each sensor Proxy & Comunications Interface Analysis Algorithms Ethernet Ethernet Connected Analyst Workstations 23

24 System configuration example (non-comms assets only) Emitter reports Analyst II Control Jamming FOES EA FOES ES Emitter reports Hand off receiver Precision Digital Channel High fidelity emitter reports 24

25 History Fully Integrated EW Demonstration Demonstration - Sept 2000, UK EWCC Integrated EW System Integration HQ EWCC Terminal Integration HQ Creggan Shark C ES Odette Shark C ES Puma Shark C ES + C EA FOES NCES + NCEA INCA NC ES Manportable NC NCES + NCEA 6 Remote Detachments (connected by RF links) Analysis & Integration IT System Realistic Target Set (CNR nets; civil & military radars) Demonstration Objectives Responsive to EWCC tasking Near Real Time generation of EGP (Comms & Non-comms overlaid onto a common GIS) Appropriate C2 of ES & EA Analysis of ES (e.g. EOB generation & TFA) Modes of Operation (Graceful degradation & recovery) 25

Integrated EW Demonstration Integration HQ & EWCC NCES HF Net SHF Network

27 EW Integration Programme - Demonstration Flow EWCC Terminal Enter Mission Details ESM Reports Jamming Request ECM Permission ECM Activity & Effect reported Integration HQ Terminals ESM Tasking Generated ESM 'Pictures' Generated ECM Planning ECM Tasking Generated ECM effects analysed ESM Collection EW Outstations ECM Performed & effects Monitored by ESM Baseline 27

28 Integrated EW Demonstration - PF & EOB 28

29 Examples of QinetiQ s Analysis & Integration Software

30 Real Time Display Bearing Axis Handoff Receiver Controls ON Fixed Frequency Emitter Network OFF Fixed Frequency Spectrum & Threshold Display 30

31 Control & Analysis of Modulation Recognition (DOLPHIN) Results Display on ANALYST II Automatic Tasking of DOLPHIN from ANALYST II 31

32 Historical Display Bearing or Amplitude or Dwell or Phase or Frequency Axis Time Axis 32

33 TDMA Emitter Tracking Purple dots indicate where emissions have been associated together DF data showing an emitter detected by two sensors 33

34 Filtering - Options Some Current Filter Options: Signals Type Emission Duration Signal Modulation Signal Name Frequency Band Fixed Frequency Transmission time Identifier, Allows advanced filtering on for example REGIONS and on specific emission sets. Bearing (Same function as zooming) Priority Status Networks... 34

$Amplitude Scale Every Dot\Line is a Transmission 2x Mobiles C&C Rebro Time$

35 Real Filtering Example Filtered No Filters Used 2nd C&C Bearing Axis Amplitude Scale Every Dot\Line is a Transmission 2x Mobiles C&C Rebro Time Axis 35

36 PF & EDL Analysis of a Dense Scenario 36

37 Emerging Capability - Overview QinetiQ has ongoing research & development in many aspects of EW Analysis & Integration: Internal Security Control Security Boundary Control Enhanced Visualisation & support to key Analysis Processes Integration with Strategic ELINT feeds Rapid Report preparation & dissemination (Web Pages, files) Automatic Alarming Integration with Spectrum Management (JRFL & ADEF2) Advanced Datarate control techniques Path Propagation & DTED Planning tools Resource Management (Users, Tasks, Assets, Security) Precision Geolocation control & analysis (TDOA, FDOA, etc.) Synthetic Scenario Stimuli & Instrumentation (to allow benefit analysis) Specific Emitter Tracking 37

38 Conclusions

39 Key Lessons Learned Integrated System Design is possible!! Some Benefits confirmed e.g. Targeted tasking of modulation recognition from main comms ES sensors High POI Comms ES used to cue Non-Comms ES (to obtain unit functionality etc.) Near-real time Position Fixing from Comms ES ideal for surgical cueing of Comms EA Flexibility is the key - for functionality, automation, size & data links further work / emerging capability 39

40 Questions? Peter Clarke, CEng Capability Manager - EW Analysis & Integration QinetiQ ltd. Malvern, UK tel: +44 (0) pnclarke@qinetiq.com

CONVERGENCE BETWEEN SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE AND ELECTRONIC WARFARE SUPPORT MEASURES

Technical Sciences 327 CONVERGENCE BETWEEN SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE AND ELECTRONIC WARFARE SUPPORT MEASURES Zsolt HAIG haig.zsolt@uni nke.hu National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT