Alaska geography e-callisto Solar Spectrometer Network CALLISTO Receiver system characteristics Construction Performance Conclusions

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Aubrey Mason
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1 1 Alaska geography e-callisto Solar Spectrometer Network CALLISTO Receiver system characteristics Construction Performance Conclusions 2

attacking the lower-48 states 3 e-callisto Solar Spectrometer Network: extended-

2 Mostly in the Western Hemisphere Part of it stretches into the Eastern Hemisphere Prevents Canada from sliding into Bering Sea For years, prevented Russia from attacking the lower-48 states 3 e-callisto Solar Spectrometer Network: extended- Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory 4

3 Worldwide Coverage as of January 2012 Almost: 24 h/d 7 d/wk 52 wk/yr 5 Alaska coverage 6

4 Concept Originally conceived as a collaboration at Swiss Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich Arnold Benz (recently retired) Christian Monstein Original designer of CALLISTO Receiver and software Now leads the project Additional e-callisto support Anchorage, Alaska USA 7 Participation Science organizations in universities around the world participate in e-callisto Data is sent to ETH server using File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Data collected by ETH-Zurich servers are available on the internet All data in public domain 8

5 Participation International Space Weather Initiative (IWSI) Follow-on to International Heliophysical Year (IHY) e-callisto is one of fourteen instrument arrays Mentioned as best instrument deployment project at UN/NASA steering committee meeting at the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) in Vienna during February 2012 e-callisto reports produced by Christian Monstein are important for UN science activities 9 Participation At UNOOSA meeting, NASA representative Nat Gopalswamy said they use Type II flare data from e-callisto to derive the radial shock wave speed of Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) 10

6 e-callisto basic configuration CALLISTO Receiver Linear polarized antenna Power supply PC with internet access 11 e-callisto Basic+ configuration 12

7 e-callisto Basic+ configuration at Anchorage CLP5130-1N log periodic antenna M Yaesu G-450A Rotor Low noise preamplifier 8 V 3.3 V Bias-Tee LNA power 8 V 12 V Station dc power supply ERC Rotor Control Software: Callisto PstRotator WWWgeni VHF-FM BRF ZX60-33LN+ Bias-T Bias-T USB-Serial Adapter VHF-FM BRF CALLISTO Receiver RF Tuner CD1316LS/IV-3 IF LPF Gain Adjust 1 st IF 37.7 MHz 2 nd IF 10.7 MHz 27 MHz BPF Log Amp SA602A BF199 AD nd Mixer 2 nd IF Amplifier I 2 C Bus PWM Digital +5 V bus Analog +5 V bus Voltage Regulator LM7805 Voltage Regulator LM MHz A D MPU PWM ATMega16-16PU LPF 1 MHz Clock Buffer 74HC244 FPU Buffer 74HC244 EIA- 232 MAX Vdc Clock Input (1 MHz TTL) (Not used) Focal Plane Unit Output (Not used) Station dc power supply 13 e-callisto advanced configuration CALLISTO Receiver Linear polarized antennas or circular polarized antennas Focal plane unit (FPU) with antenna polarity switching, noise calibration and low noise amplifier Power supply PC with full-time internet access 14

(hot) Rly 1 Preamplifier Rly 2a 10 db Rly 2b 20 db 10 ~ 20 db CALLISTO Receiver Focal Plane Unit Noise Source

8 e-callisto advanced configuration Rly 1 Out Directional Coupler In Preamplifier CALLISTO Receiver 50 ohm Term Cpl 25 db 20 db Focal Plane Unit Callisto Rly 2a 3 ~ 6 db Rly 2b 0 db Noise Source 35 db ENR Off (cold) On (hot) Rly 1 Preamplifier Rly 2a 10 db Rly 2b 20 db 10 ~ 20 db CALLISTO Receiver Focal Plane Unit Noise Source 35 db ENR Off (cold) On (hot) Callisto 15 e-callisto Focal Plane Unit Example Images courtesy of Christian Monstein 16

9 CALLISTO Receiver Upgrades & Modifications Narrowband Intermediate Frequency (IF) output to Software Defined Radio receiver 10.7 MHz center frequency 300 khz bandwidth Suitable for RFSpace SDR-IQ or other narrowband SDR Also works with SDR-14 and NetSDR or equivalent SDR Wideband IF output to SDR receiver 10.7 MHz center frequency 7 MHz bandwidth Suitable for RFSpace SDR-14 and NetSDR or other wideband SDR 17 CALLISTO Receiver Upgrades & Modifications Up-Converter For extending the lower frequency range of CALLISTO Receiver to below 45 MHz Down-Converter For extending the upper frequency range of CALLISTO Receiver to above 870 MHz CALLISTO Receiver and associated software provide basic hardware/software platform for up- and downconverters 18

10 Rear view Front view 19 Receiver Block Diagram ~ Superheterodyne Receiver 20

11 Data output Data stream sent through EIA-232 serial port to PC under control of Callisto software Callisto software formats data as FITS files Flexible Image Transport System Software tools provided to view FITS files as spectrograms Java FITS Viewer 21 Java FITS Viewer 22

Data output Cont d Lightcurve data and images at selected frequencies 23 Data output Cont d Spectral overview files showing snapshot of received power at up to 400

12 Data output Cont d Lightcurve data and images at selected frequencies 23 Data output Cont d Spectral overview files showing snapshot of received power at up to 400 individual frequencies Primarily used to select interference-free frequency plan for solar spectrometer application Also may be used for radio frequency interference studies 24

13 Parameter Value Frequency range 45 to 870 MHz + Frequency resolution 62.5 khz Observation bandwidth 300 khz RF input impedance 50 ohms Dynamic range 120 to 10 dbm (typical) Spurious-free dynamic range 40 db Noise figure 10 db (typical) Channel sample rate 800 channels/second Number of channels Up to 400 Output slope 25.4 mv/db ADC resolution 10 bit (North American version) + Easily expanded by use of up-/down-converters 25 Parameter Value Interfaces RF input Video output External clock EIA-232 I/O Focal plane unit control Power input jack Clock Internal or external (1 MHz TTL*) Auxiliary output control Focal Plane Unit * Control method Windows software (2000, Vista, XP & 7) Software output Data (.fit) Activity log (.txt) Light-curve (.txt) Spectral overview (.prn) * Not required for basic operation 26

14 Parameter Value Input voltage 12 Vdc nominal (9 to 15 V) Input current 255 ma nominal Weight 0.9 kg Dimensions 200 mm long x 110 mm wide x 82 mm high 27 Operating Software Callisto Software Tools Frequency Genie AutoScheduler WWW Genie Java FITS Viewer FTP WatchDog ~ for sending data to ETH-Zurich SymmTime ~ for synchronizing PC TOD clock 28

15 Callisto 29 Frequency Genie 30

16 AutoScheduler & WWW Genie 31 Java FITS Viewer 32

mount technology (SMT/SMD) components Most SMT parts are 0805 form

17 Professionally made printed circuit board (PCB) Silkscreen & soldermask 1.6 mm thick 33 Receiver PCB Requires experience soldering surface mount technology (SMT/SMD) components Most SMT parts are 0805 form factor (0.08 x 0.05 in) (2.0 x 1.3 mm) Components mounted on both sides of PCB 34

18 Tuner Philips CD1316LS/IV-3 45 ~ 870 MHz in 62.5 khz steps 35 Tuner 36

19 Receiver Front and Rear Panels Ready for installation of components Machine cut and silkscreen labels Receiver Front and Rear Panels Connectorized to allow easy PCB removal

20 Finished Receiver ~ Cover Removed 39 Finished Receiver ~ Cover Removed 40

21 Receiver Ready for Use Rear View 41 42

22 43 Create Design CLP5130-1N Log Periodic Dipole Array 50 ~ 1300 MHz 44

23 45 Low Noise Tower-Mounted Amplifier 46

24 Low Noise Tower-Mounted Amplifier Early Prototype 47 Bias-Tee Production Version Amplifier Protector Voltage Regulator Amplifier Lightning Arrestor Bonding & Grounding Provisions for Future 48

25 Voltage Regulator Bypass for 2 nd LNA Bias-Tee RF input + dc to TMA RF to Receiver 49 Noise Figure - Receiver 50

26 Noise Figure Receiver + TMA 51 Bandpass Filter Response 52

27 Sensitivity Limit 53 Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) 54

Considerable radio frequency interference (RFI) in Anchorage, Alaska Persistent local interference VHF FM broadcast stations 88 ~ 108 MHz VHF TV Broadcast stations 174 ~ 216 MHz UHF TV broadcast

28 Considerable radio frequency interference (RFI) in Anchorage, Alaska Persistent local interference VHF FM broadcast stations 88 ~ 108 MHz VHF TV Broadcast stations 174 ~ 216 MHz UHF TV broadcast stations 450 ~ 600 MHz Cellular base and mobile stations > 865 MHz Spectral overview files and Callisto software tools allow selection of a frequency plan that avoids noisy bands (next slide) 55 Spectral Overview, 45 ~ 870 MHz 56

29 X2.2 Flare on 15 February 2011 FIRST LIGHT Flare occurred less than 24 hours after commissioning the CALLISTO Receiver 57 58

30 59 Description Price (US$) CALLISTO Receiver, complete kit CALLISTO Receiver, partially-built CALLISTO Receiver, ready-built Tower-mounted amplifier (TMA) and LNA power coupler (LPC) AC power adapter (North America only)

ETH-Zurich in Switzerland All data in public domain CALLISTO

31 e-callisto consists of Worldwide network of CALLISTO Receivers, antenna systems and data collection PCs Central data repository at ETH-Zurich in Switzerland All data in public domain CALLISTO Receiver available in kit form, partially-built or ready-built versions 61

Preamplifiers for Callisto Solar Radio Spectrometer

Preamplifiers for Callisto Solar Radio Spectrometer Whitham Reeve and Christian Monstein 1. Introduction We investigated the performance of three amplifiers (figure 1) for Callisto applications by measuring