Power Electronics Keynote. Christophe Brayet, Eng. PMP. Product Director OPAL-RT Technologies

Transcription

1 Power Electronics Keynote Christophe Brayet, Eng. PMP. Product Director OPAL-RT Technologies

2 Power Electronics Power Electronics, one of the biggest economic drivers of our decade Key Factor across the Power systems, industrial automation, automotive and aerospace engineering industries ew power semiconductor, higher frequency, higher bandwidth Smarter and more efficient Control Algorithms Real-time simulation demand Rapid adoption of new power semiconductors technology Market growth, new opportunities, more than 40 billion by 2022 OPAL-RT, state-of-the-art real-time power electronics simulation

3 Market Trends in Power Electronic Dr. Ben Black Principal Development Manager ational Instruments Lecturer The University of Texas at Austin

4 Grid Storage Growing Grid Complexity Commercial Consumer Industrial Consumer Traditional Generation Commercial Consumer with Generation & Storage Solar Generation Wind Generation Residential Consumer with Generation & Storage

5 ECU EGIE BATTERY ELECTRIC MOTOR IVERTER

6 CHIA by Million Zero-Emission Vehicles On The Road GERMAY in 2030 Only Zero-Emission Passenger Vehicles will Be Produced UITED KIGDOM by 2040 UK to Ban Petrol and Diesel Cars Going All Electric

7 Shifted Power Demands

8 Growth Areas Battery Technology Faster charging times, longer life, greater energy density Utility Infrastructure Flexibility to adapt to demand and generation Communication Architecture Lower latency, determinism, security Switching Technology Higher power, faster switching times, lower losses

9 Generic Power Electronics System Real-Time Power Simulation (Cracked ECU or Full Power Simulator) Battery Stack, Solar Array GRID AC DC DC DC DC Management System Transformer Converter/Rectifier Inverter/Drive AC Physical Control Board Power System Control System Inverter/Converter/Drive Motor/Generator

10 With this HIL testbed, developers gain access to a risk-free test platform. We are going to be able to deliver better quality products thanks to the regression-capable robust tests that we undertake. Similarly, the system will allow us to reduce the development and validation times. - Thierry Rhomer, SOCOMEC SA

11 OPAL-RT I Partner for Power ehs

12 Evolution of Power Semiconductor Technologies Jérôme Rivest, Eng. Jr., M.Sc. Power Electronic Specialist OPAL-RT TECHOLOGIES

13 Topic ew levels of performance are now achievable with emerging semiconductor technologies This presentation aims at giving an overview of this evolution and the challenges/opportunities it brings to Real-time Simulation

14 Purpose of power switches In power electronic, semiconductor switches are used to reconfigure dynamically a power circuit in order to achieve a power conversion and/or galvanic isolation Vcc applied to load Freewheeling state

15 In simulation The ideal switch model is often used to simplify the analysis: Switch Open: V = Vcc, I = 0 (Psw = 0 W) Switch Closed: V = 0 V, I = I L (Psw = 0 W)

16 In the lab However, this is different in practice Vds Psw is not 0! Id A more accurate MOSFET model Practical Hard Switching Ton

17 Hard Switching vs Soft Switching Soft Switching helps to reduce the switching losses by achieving Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) or Zero Current Switching (ZCS) ZCS is well suited to reduce the tail current losses of IGBT transistor ZVS reduces the impact of the body diode recovery in MOSFET based converter (reducing losses an EMI) Higher switching frequency can be achieved in both cases with standard silicon devices Hard Switching Ton ZVS Ton

18 The silicon based duo MOSFET Majority carrier device Voltage controlled Fast switching Best choice in LV High frequency application IGBT Minority carrier device Voltage controlled High voltage blocking capability Best choice in HV Low frequency, high power application

19 Voltage Field of applications Industrial Motor drive, Rail traction, MMC cells IGBT MOSFET DCDC, UPS, PFC Frequency

20 Arrival of the SiC and Ga devices We are getting closer to an ideal switch: Lower parasitic enabling faster switching time Higher operation temperature Lower RdsO for higher blocking voltage capability Higher switching frequency can be achieved in both Hard Switching and Soft Switching applications Ga Fet from Ga Systems inc.

21 Voltage Field of applications IGBT MOSFET WBG device (SiC, Ga) Fit to replace both IGBT or MOSFET in several high performance application Frequency

22 Targeting new density levels The higher switching frequency and the higher operation temperature help to increase power density Source: Toyota

23 Few challenges Passive elements must be adapted to follow switching frequency and temperature requirement Higher dv/dt are applied on gate driving circuit ew package for power devices and new PCB design rules must be used to minimize gate drive parasitics Faster control loops that must be integrated on limited embedded controller (RT simulation can help here!)

24 For Opal-RT Keep the pace with the increasing switching frequency Silicon based multilevel and multicell topologies imply higher circuit complexity Integrate switching losses and thermal models to real-time simulation Keep track with the new possibilities (e.g. class-d amplifier for PHIL)

25 Power Electronic Control etworks RT17, Montreal, Canada September 5-8, 2017 J. Van den Keybus, CTO

26 Technology Single node Software on MCU / DSP Field bus network stack Field bus interface Application interface software Power electronic circuit interface Control software 26

27 Control etwork Technology Multiple nodes in a converter system Software on PLC API C API C Application software API API C Field bus interface Field bus network stack 27

28 Control etwork Technology Multiple nodes in a converter system API C API C APP API C API 28

29 Control etwork Technology Multiple nodes in a converter system API C API C APP API C API 29

30 Control etwork Technology Simplified system architecture APP C C C Practical implementation 30

31 Control etwork Technology Measurement nodes APP C C C 31

32 Control etwork Technology Software development advantages Easy software version management Re-usable software components System-wide code generation System architecture advantages Integration in networks (IoT) Flexible component layout Component ID and diagnosis 32

33 Control etwork Technology System architecture challenges: microprocessors Moore s Law Single thread performance Core clock rate Multiple cores Latency! Source: K. Rupp 33

34 Control etwork Technology System architecture challenges: network Peripheral interconnect Speed likely to increase in the next decade Source: Ethernet Alliance 34

35 Control etwork Technology Triphase closed loop control network Fast control (20 khz) Increased rate with additional delay cycle (30 khz) Local Application Specific Processors (ASPs) ASP 35

36 Control etwork Technology Triphase XC network technology Layer 1: multiple PHY (Cu, POF, SFP) cost, EMI immunity and performance tradeoff Layer 2: common DLL development efficiency Triphase XC network topology Trees and rings flexibility and performance 36

37 Products Type Turnkey solutions Components Range PM-X systems PM-SIC systems DPS FC4 General purpose converter systems High-performance converter systems Power system components Power up to 2 MVA up to 100 kva up to 360 kva PCB mounted components Isol. Cat. III 1000V, Cat. IV 600V Cat. III 600V Tech. Custom configured IGBT (using DPS) LC(L) filter 1..2 khz Custom configured SiC MOSFET LC(L) filter 5 khz / 20 khz - OEM IGBT drives - C/V transducers - Sensor transducers - Contactor control - (Isolated) DIO - (Isolated) AI Appl. - Grid emulation - HIL tests - Microgrids - Mechanical tests - Battery tests - Grid emulation - HIL tests - Custom power converters - Data acquisition systems - Custom power converters - Development prototypes - Production systems Opal- RT interfac e 250 Mb/s POF Asynchronous 2 Gb/s Aurora SFP Synchronous ks/s 250 Mb/s Triphase POF Synchronous 250 Mb/s Triphase POF Synchronous etwor k Triphase XC (16 Mb/s, 250 Mb/s, 2 Gb/s) Platfor m Triphase RT 37

38 Contact Triphase V Romeinse straat 18 B-3001 Heverlee BELGIUM T: E: info@triphase.com 38

39 After HIL and PHIL, User-In-the-Loop is the new trend Danielle S. asrallah, P. Eng., Ph.D. Technical Lead in Power Electronics & Advanced Control Studies, Modeling and Specialized Tests OPAL-RT Technologies

40 Collaborative Projects: Universities & OPAL-RT Real-time Simulation Laboratories IGEE & Laval University High-Fidelity Power Motor Emulator Concordia University

41 Skills & Learning Outcomes Test-Bench Offline Simulation RTS & HIL Hardware Modeling Measurements Versatility Real-Scaling Material Damages Remote Access Interaction

42 Real-Time Simulation Topics Topics Power Electronics Electric Machines Power Systems Packages DC-DC: Buck, Boost & Buck-Boost Choppers AC-DC: Single- & Three-phase Rectifiers DC-AC: Three-phase Inverters DC-AC / AC-DC: Three-Phase Three-Level PC Synchronous : Parameters Identification, Motor operation Synchronous: Generator with grid or passive loads Induction : Parameters identification, Transformer, Freq. Conv. Induction: V/F Motor Drive Phasor Analysis: Power flow, Swing Equation, Stabilization Time-domain Analysis: Power flow, Swing Eq., Stabilization

43 High-Fidelity Power Motor Emulator