MANUAL FOR TxRx700Lite

Transcription

1 MANUAL FOR TxRx700Lite Rev 1.1 Rev Date. 26/02/2015

2 Revision/Updates Date, updates and person Revision , By Patrick M Affected pages, ETC All Content Technical Specs... 2 Inputs/Output connectors... 3 Hardware specifications... 4 Phycical Dimensions... 5 Legal Information... 5 Adapter wireing... 5 Binding in details... 6 Change unique ID code... 6 Failsafe... 7 Compatibility TX-RX... 7 Compatible RC's... 7 Head Tracker... 7 Compatible Head trackers... 8 How to get best range... 9 LED indicator... 9 Range Check... 9 Known Limitations Abbreviations

3 FPV general trouble shooting guide Radio Technical stuff Technical specifications NR Binding Failsafe foreword The 3 Failsafe in detail RSSI output Connectors Servo Serial Debug Output Channels on Normal Range Firmware upgrading LED indicators Warning and Disclaimer Technical Specs RF Output power: 500mW RF Output connector: SMA female RF Input: DIN 4 The Antenna output is designed for 50 Ohm load. The PPM input signal can either be constant frame repeat time, variable, positive or negative polarisation, the special double speed Futaba PPM signal is also accepted, auto detects and auto handle. The main PPM signal must contain from 4-12 servo channels. If main PPM signal has fewer than 4 channels it will be refused. 2

4 Note: Graupner call each way a servo travel for a channel, so in Graupner terms a 24 Channel setting handle 12 servos, and is what we call a 12 channel signal. Inputs/Output connectors DIN 4 pin female screw type for POWER and MAIN-PPM input Power input connecter Power input connecter is centre positive 3

5 Stereo Jack for Audio Demodulator Input, and Head-Tracker PPM input The top of the connector is head-tracker PPM input (shorted HT) The ring of the connector is audio input from the wireless video system receiver. Ground is common for both signals. Shielded cables are recommended to avoid cross talk. Hardware specifications Supply voltage 5-25V for 500mW power Supply current at 20V (500mW x 3 = 1.5W / 20V = Ampere) Supply current at 10V (500mW x 3 = 1.5W / 10V = 0.15 Ampere) TX BATTERY LIFE: The TX unit draw about 1.5W as mentioned at 500mW out, to find the current it draw we use ohms law. Examples: Watt / Supply Volt = Current, the supply voltage can be anything from 6-25V. Example with a 3S lipo: 1.5W / 11V = 0.126A To find the time you can run with a given battery size, take your battery mah and divide with current usage in ma. Example: 1000mAh / 126mA = 7.9 hrs, remember to keep a good safe margin, some batteries like LIPO do not like to be fully empty. When using the power-up feature, input supply power will also go up. The unit has about 30-40% efficiency, so an easy rule is the input usage is 3 times as much power as the output power. At 2W RF out; the TX unit consume almost 6W, this means 4W is radiated as heat. 4

6 The TX unit can deliver 500mW out at only 5V as supply voltage; it will stop working at 3.3V or under. Peak operating heat sink temperature -40 C to + 80 C Suggested operating heat sink range - 20 C to + 60C PPM input both, main ppm and HT ppm, level 1.5Vpp to 10Vpp. AC or DC coupled, this means it is also JR and Graupner student signal compatible, however for serious stable long range flight, it is recommended to use a 3-5V DC coupled PPM signal for best stable signal to noise margin. Phycical Dimensions Height: Width: Length: Weight 25mm 55mm 85mm 128gr Legal Information The radio system is using frequency hopping, random sequence, and very short timeslots, the time pr channel is only 15mS, this means it apply to the 10mW pr average channel regulation in EU and many other areas, this means the 500mW peak setting can be used legally without any radio amateur licence. Adapter wireing Futaba JR/Graupner Multiplex 5

7 Binding in details The binding function stores the TX signal unique ID code and PPM frame rate and number of servos into the receiver; this must be done every time the number of servos is changed on the RC unit. (or another RC system is used with this system) To bind: 1. Power off the Tx and Rx. 2. Hold down bind button on Tx. 3. Power-up the TX, (we assume right plane memory is recalled on your RC unit) 4. Power up receiver, make sure both antennas are connected and within 20meter distance 5. Wait 1-2 sec, see the RX LEDs go from lit into fast blink mode 6. Power off Tx (Rx is still on) 7. Power on Tx (Rx is still on) 8. Test all servo functions on plane works and have ultra-fast and smooth response 9. When the Tx is power up and binded. Try to power OFF and ON the receiver and confirm that it will bind again within a few seconds. See our video on how to bind : Change unique ID code Remove the top lid with the bind button and led. Now pull the board out slowly from the other end. Inside the Tx unit you find a DIP switch with 8 tiny white buttons which can slide up or down. Note: The text ID code next to it. If you need to create a take-over mission, then the two TX units must have the same ID code to be accepted by the Rx. If you need to fly side by side with a friend, just be sure to use different ID code. After ID code change a new bind, must be performed. 6

8 Failsafe The same push button on the top is used both for binding, and to store Failsafe into the receiver. When the button is pressed while the TX is powered on it s in the binding process. When the TX is in normal flight mode, the button is used to store failsafe. Read details about failsafe on page 19 or see our video how to set failsafe Compatibility TX-RX All versions of Thomas Scherrer Long Range Rx units can be binded and work together with any versions of TSLRS TX units. Since the aerial signals are kept the same from the very start. The Thomas Scherrer Long Range system parts is NOT TX-RX compatible with any other brands of long range systems, since we all use our own radio modulation system. Compatible RC's Any Radio Control remote system with PPM output should be able to used, check your manual for student out. If it is compatible with PC simulators and other types of RC systems, then you know that you got a PPM signal and not a special un-compatible digital signal. The PPM signal can be any polarity, variable speed, and even the special Futaba double speed mode is supported. Head Tracker The Head tracker input must be 6 channels PPM. It accepts positive or negative polarization, variable or fixed frame rate, auto detect and auto handle. Channel 5 and 6 are the two HT (PAN/TILT) signals and they are added after the used MAIN-PPM channels. In case the main ppm signal got 12 channels in it, there are no free channels to use, and then the two HT signals will be merged into channel 10 and 11, leaving channel 12 free to use for the main ppm. 7

9 The reason for this is easy to understand: Look at the receivers: the channel 12 connector can be either PPM out or servo channel 12 out. The different output modes are configured on the Rx. In case you need PPM out and use a HT at the same time, you need the HT signals to be on channel where normal servo connectors exist. The head tracker input is integrated in the cable Compatible Head trackers The Fat Shark, M.I.G. Tracker, Magnetic Inertial Gyro or any other type with the required signals see Head Tracker section above. 8

10 How to get best range Archived range is only the result of the wanted signal to noise ratio. Local noise emitters are the most common way to ruin good receiver s capabilities to pick up weak signals at long range. The system got a transmitter to receiver calculated line of sight range of over 20 km. We know at least one customer who actually performed a full flight over 20 km out and back. To be able to get the full possible range this system can deliver you need to be very sure nothing on your plane emit noise in the used frequency band, if it does it will affect the range. This means also it is very easy to detect using range checks. LED indicator Constant light = PPM OK, POWER SUPPLY OK Blinking LED = Power supply ok, but no valid PPM No Light = No power supply voltage Range Check Can be done just like any conventional RC systems and please follow the following steps: 1. Unmount the TX antenna and set it to low power. 2. Expect 4-10 meters of range 3. Check you have same (short) range with motor on/off and with video cams and video transmitters on/off 4. If no change in the range result, then mount TX antenna again and fly. 5. If any unit on your plane affect your range, you are supposed to seek and fix it, if you want to take full advantage of the systems capabilities, or at least obtain a system with best possible signal to noise margin. 9

11 Known Limitations Landscape variations and noise pollution in the flight area is known to shorten the range of any wireless link. Use at least 1/10 of the distance as height. For example at 3 km/1.8mile, distance stays 300 meters/984 feet up, to get full range. This Tx700Lite with 500mW will provide you with a signal to 25 km/15.5 miles range depending on which receiver is used. 10

12 Abbreviations Names often used on UHF LRS pages and when talking about radio control and video links and FPV. RC - Radio Control, remote wireless control of something RC unit - The radio control unit you hold in your hand, can be a Futaba, JR, Graupner, Multiplex and so on Servo - when connected to rudders/ailerons/elevator they steer a plane. Servo pulse - is a digital pulse width that hold position information, 1.5mS is centre position. LRS - Long Range System, often a short for my system, sometimes also called UHF LRS UHF - Ultra Height Frequencies, is MHz, but radio amateurs often call UHF = 70CM band, also known as the MHz area TX - Transmitter used to transfer a signal to a receiver RX - Receiver used to receive the radio signal and output the signals, pulses, audio, video, data RC RX - Radio control receiver, can be any type any brand and any coding system, they all output standard servo pulses LRS TX - the metal box containing the 500mW transmitter used for my long range system. LRS RX - the receiver located in the plane, this receiver is connected directly to servoes and 5V supply RSSI - received signal strength indication, is often an analog voltage that goes up or down depending of radio signal level in a receiver Video TX - Video transmitter, located on a plane, car, boat, helicopter or whatever, often using MHz Video RX - Video receiver, located on ground, when connected to a TV screen you can see live pictures from the Video TX Video Splitter - is an amplifier that will allow the user to distribute a video signal to several things at the same time. PPM - Pulse Period Modulation, is the pulse system used in trainer/student systems, it contain high resolution information s on all servo positions assigned. PPM inverted - the pulse can be normal or inverted, some older systems do not handle both when connected as student/trainer LOS - Line Of Sight, is the distance from ground to a plane with nothing in the way, not even ground. Long Range - is normally not defined, but when a plane is not visible by direct sight it is normally called long range 11

13 BNC - is the connector name/type used for the TX and Booster for my LRS, same connector is used on Ethernet systems. Booster - is an amplifier that will take radio signals and boost them up to a more powerful level. LNA - Low Noise Amplifier is used in receivers as the front end stage, they improve the sensitivity and therefore also the range Diversity - is often a double antenna and/or double receiver system with auto switching to the best signal, this improves the useable range allot GPS - often we use a GPS receiver on planes to feed speed, position, and height information to OSD systems. OSD - On Screen Display, will overlay interesting information to a live video signal. Logger - will record data or measurements for playback / view later, some OSD systems can log some information s too. Modem - Modulator Demodulator, encode data into sound, and back again, can use audio line in a wireless video system to transfer data like GPS positions Head Tracker - a unit mounted on a person s head, will then control remote located servos so a remote camera follow head movements, gives Virtual Reality experience to FPV. FPV - First Person View, like pilot view out the front window. UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, a UAV is a fully computer guided plane, not a radio controlled plane, if RC'ed it is an FPV or just a normal RC plane Trainer - Most advanced RC units have trainer connectors with PPM in/out so they can be connected via a cable to a student RC unit. Student - Most advanced RC units have trainer connectors that can be configured to output PPM signals for a PC simulator or trainer RC unit or LRS. Patch - A patch antenna is a directional antenna that will when pointed to a plane improve the range Yagi - A Yagi antenna is a directional antenna that will when pointed to a plane improve the range Dish - A Dish antenna is a directional antenna with highest possible gain, will when pointed to a plane improve the range Gain - antenna gain is often named in db, more db more gain, and also a more narrow beam, so pointing correctly is harder with high gain. RF - Radio Frequency, any frequency that is not directly hear able audio RF module - often a plug in box or module or printed circuit board that can be changed/added in RC units, 12

14 normally a transmitter BEC - Battery Eliminator Circuit, is a 5V-6V regulator often linear type that makes supply for RC RX and servos SBEC - Switching Battery Eliminator Circuit, is a 5V-6V regulator switch mode type handles more input voltage and have lower loss RC Receiver Battery or Supply, is normally 4 or 5 NIMH cells providing 4.8 or 6V of steady and stable supply, such a battery must be able to handle all servo max currents and still provide sufficient stable voltage, do not use spring loaded battery cassettes or weak current capable cells like normal alkaline types, Today more new and fancy battery types like lipo and lion and such can also be used if receiver and servos can handle the different voltage range they provide. Fading - when the distance and positions and angles of a wireless system is changed the radio signal will also change Multipath Fading - A direct signal and a reflected signal hit receiver antenna with -180 deg phase, creating a zero signal level Nulling - is the same as Multipath fading FHSS - Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, a way to send data using many different frequencies, makes a system immune to noise and jamming proof. 13

15 FPV general trouble shooting guide Read this first and try some of this before asking around. Any FPV system, car, plane, helicopter, or whatever is often a compact system containing: Transmitters, Receivers, Sensors, High power pulsed electrical, Vibrations, Microcontroller electronic boards, Video camera and Switch mode supply. To be able to combine all this into a tiny lightweight platform is a huge challenge and to make all units perform perfectly without interfering each other is often an almost impossible task, even for skilled electronic educated persons. Here are a few design hints: Plane size small planes are cheap and easy to transport, but they are not optimal FPV platforms. The smaller type the more compromised performance you must expect to get. Receivers must be located as far away from transmitters as possible, at least a distance that can prove no degrade of the receiver system range when the Tx is operating or not. It is advised to keep receivers away from all electronics, in general, speed controllers and switch mode supplies are known to be able to jam. Electric Motor controller a range check must prove no degrade/change when motor is off, half, full power, this also apply for gasoline and methanol engines Transmitters for live video or data back telemetry will always have harmonics, like 2 rd 3 rd and so on of their wanted frequency. The level might be low and under demanded levels but if the signal is close to 2 rd or 3 rd harmonic you will experience bad results. Plan your frequency bands to avoid using any channel at the exact harmonic of any other system you use. See our video on frequency planning: GPS are often small module receivers, designed to be cheap. They are not designed to be working near transmitters. Some cannot handle anything and not even if it is even Ghz away. Some GPS modules cannot work if they are located near 900 or 1300MHz. (The 1 st harmonic of 900MHz is 1800MHz) A GPS works at 1575MHz and its front end system is often several hundred MHz wide, which means it can be jammed by 1300MHz and 1800MHz. So a SAW end front and a good high level capable front end is a must, to avoid 14

16 harmonics. On a 2.4GHz video transmitter the 1 st harmonic is 4.8GHz which makes these video transmitters better to work with GPS modules. Video stripes are often seen when a power supply is not clean or ground/signal wires are shared with power or other units on the plane. Note if the stripes are constant or change with motors or servos or other items moving or operation, try to touch camera or video transmitter, see if any change in the stripes. Grounding items with analogue signals specially video signals are super sensitive to grounding problems you cannot supply a pulsing current on a ground wire to a video connected device, if this ground wire is the same for video signal, it is quite difficult to explain how to split signal ground with power ground. A Star kind of grounding has a zero current / zero voltage in the centre point. Power supply cleanness. Try to mount external battery on different items they are super clean, and is smart to try locate a problem. Switch mode, it is often seen SBEC or other switch mode regulators are designed to be cheap and have no really good filter, extra 100uH coils and uF on the input and output might help, input is just as important as the output. Shielding some devices radiate magnetic pulses, specially SBEC and cameras, if they are contained in a closed metal case the problem will be less, but weight will go up, iron cases are better for low frequency magnetic problems. Camera some types radiate radio noise, uncased types are the worst! but cased types can also do it, case is maybe painted and therefore not fully shielded, the wires from it works like radiating antennas, ferrite torrid and aluminium-foil is a good solution, and distance to GPS and other receivers is a good idea tool. Servos some RC servos types are only designed to be used near receivers, clear enough, but when located near a transmitter they can be jammed, moved or stopped or other weird things even periodic problems have been seen. Tricks/solutions: aluminium-foil around the servo, wire turned on ferrite torrid. Electrical motors are also inside servos they will also radiate magnetic pulses when they move. Some systems like video transmitters and cameras and OSD systems do not like to be near this field. 15

17 Vibrations is a normal problem for receivers and transmitters, their coils and crystals and filters have microphone behaviour, pack in foam and also avoid loud sound SWR a video transmitter with a badly matched antenna and/or badly grounded will have high frequency currents going on its signal and power cables. When having range or interference problems, try to isolate different items, like turn it off, or change their position dramatically or bypass its function until you find a change in your problem, then you have found the noisy item. Radio Technical stuff Any wireless radio system contain of a transmitter side antenna and a receiver side antenna. Both sides must have same polarization to perform most optimal, the most common polarizations are horizontal, vertical, circular left or right. If a horizontal is talking to a vertical, the link loss will have an added extra loss of 26dB. If a circular left is talking to a circular right, the link loss will have an added extra loss of 26dB If a circular left is talking to a vertical or horizontal, the link loss will have an added extra loss of 3dB This is why it is smart to combine a horizontal or vertical often mounted in a plane, with a circular receiver on the ground, then the 26dB drop can most likely be avoided. Pointing a whip style antenna to a plane is the worst thing you can do, imagine looking into the end of the whip, It is almost impossible to see from a distance, radio waves work this way too, make antenna most visible and right polarization. It is normal that radio links have a 26dB extra margin in its link budget / range calculation so you don t lose contact - when one antenna is rotated unlucky angle, a diversity system can take full advantage of its link budget, so the resulting useable range is almost 10 times as much as a non diversity system, if no other parameters are changed. 16

18 A downlink diversity system also solves one other problem, fading and nulling, the most perfect diversity system would have 3 antennas to handle signals from any angle perfect, but the gain from doing this is often minimal and cost and complexity is big, a 2 antenna diversity is the most common compromise. All cellular systems use diversity on the receiver side and brute transmitter power on the tx side to perfect the link, a cell side tx is over 26dB more power full over the handset transmitter to obtain an equal quality link, also handset side have a cheaper receiver with less sensitivity, we do not have space for a diversity antenna system on a cell phone. Wavelength and frequency - a double frequency will have halve the wavelength. Long wavelength cannot pass thru small holes, like take a 27MHz walkie-talkie and try to use it inside two cars, (cars are made of metal, end the window holes are much under the wavelength) the useable range is then really bad, now go out of the cars and see you get 10 times the range, at higher frequencies you don t have the car window problem, but air attenuation is higher with higher frequencies, so a longer range is easier to get using lower frequencies. Gain - Adding more antenna gain will only make the beam more narrow, point the antenna right and you get more range, point the antenna wrong and you lose signal, Any gain over 8-10dB will be hard to point to a moving target like a plane, you need a tracker system or a cheap friend that will work for free to point the antenna. An 18dB gain Yagi antenna on the receiver side and 500mW 2.4GHz video transmitter with 0dB antenna, have a proven LOS of 51km when both polarizations are right. Range and db - Improving a systems link budget with 10dB will increase the range by a 3 times factor, 10dB power is the same as 10 times the power. 20dB more power gives 6 times the range, 100 times more power, combining more power with more gain is often the way to get longer range, and also improving receiver side sensitivity is a good way to go. Bandwidth vs range - Video transmitters with audio, stereo and mono exist, the video signal is 5MHz wide, and the audio is 5KHz wide, A factor 1000 in bandwidth, so in theory the same range will be achieved on the audio as the video link with only 1/1000 of the power, that is why those systems have a much lower power in the audio, often see -20dBc to -30dBc, dbc means db under the main Carrier -30dBc is the same as 1/

19 Technical specifications NR The receiver board is 26 x 54mm Weight: 6.5 gr. Without antenna wire and 8.5 grams including wire. Sensitivity: -102dBm Input supply voltage range: 4-10V Servo signal pulse output: Radio band: Temperature range: 3.3V positive. 433 & 444Mhz multi band and multi frequency hopping system. -40C to +70C tested Receiver 8ch - optimized input filter so it can co-exist with strong 2.4Ghz on board video transmitters. Wire antenna mounted directly on the Rx. The extra pin in ch 12 connector is rssi out. Ch 12 connector is also ppm out when < 12ch are used. PPM out is the same as sum-signal and this is of course fully compatible with MikroKopter controller board, all RX have this SUM and RSSI out. Binding The binding function stores the TX signal unique ID code and PPM frame rate and number of servos into the receiver; this must be done every time the number of servos is changed on the RC unit. (or another RC system is used with this system). Read details about binding on page 6 or see our video how to bind 18

20 Failsafe foreword The push button on the top of the TX is used both for binding, and to store Failsafe into the receiver. When the button is pressed while the TX is powered on the unit is binding. When the TX is in normal flight mode, the button is used to store failsafe. The different modes of failsafe in the receiver manual are: The Normal The Sequential The None All kinds of FAILSAFE storing and testing should be carefully performed with the plane firmly grounded. It s normally good use full failsafe style to program the plane to shut of motor and turn slowly to the left side. Some FPV/UAV systems can use other settings; the user should know what is best for his usage. Always test if it s working as expected before a flight Test if recall the wanted function and recover again when the TX is powered back on. The 3 Failsafe in detail The normal kind of failsafe is one set of servo positions stored in the receiver. This setting will be recalled and used when the radio signal is lost for about 1 second. To store a set of servo positions, push and hold the button for 1 second and then release it. Please be sure not to push it again the next 5 seconds. The Sequential works almost the same way. The difference is that you push the button again under 5 sec after release to store the next set of servo positions. This can be repeated 3 times to use all 3 servo memories. They are recalled in same order as stored, and when/if the radio signal is recovered the return to normal flight is the reverse way. 19

21 The procedure is as follows: The radio signal is lost - recall 1, recall 2, recall 3. Radio signal back, - recall 2, recall 1, live. It will run scan mode which means, if a good package is received while it is in recall 2 state, it will go directly to recall 1 and then back live. Each recall state take about 0.3 seconds then it recall the next state. This special kind of failsafe can be used to handle special features on some multi rotor flight controller boards to activate the RTH or safe landing procedures, depending on how you moved your switches while you stored the fail safes. The None is when the receiver doesn t have any positions stored at all. In this way nothing will be recalled and it will simply hold last known good position of all servos. To clear the failsafe memory, hold the button for 5 sec. A little side note on failsafe storing. The Receiver will lose radio link and recall failsafe settings while you activate a storing. The reason is the kind of memory used for this is a bit slow and while the CPU waits for the saving it s not able to maintain a perfect hoping sequence. This is perfectly normal but it is not normally seen when you only store one set of positions, since the values you recall while you hit save are mostly the same as your active positions. See our video how to set failsafe 20

22 RSSI output The little extra PAD over the CH12 connector is the RSSI output. This is an analogue voltage that reveals how strong the signal is from the TX. Many OSD types can use this voltage to display a calibrated 0-100% readout on the screen display. The Min and Max voltages are a little bit different from RX to RX, so you must perform a new calibration if you swap a receiver in your system. See our video RSSI Connectors Servo Look carefully at the connector pins and the PCB. The edge rows are all GROUND, the centre row are +5V and all top pins are the servo channels out. 21

23 Serial Debug Output The upgrade connector pin out 1 = GROUND (2, 3, 6 are not connected) 4 = Radio data (do not connect anything to this pin in flight mode) 5 = Debug data output The debug out is a 3.3V serial signal, can be used for OSD or onboard flight recorders, The data format is very simple, 9600 Baud 8N1. The data you get are: G: number of Good data packages received B: number of Bad data packages received F: number of Failsafe recalled Values are counted from RX power up and will be zeroed again at next power up, so it is possible to land, connect to a PC via serial port converter and see the values for the flight before you power off the RX. The serial debug can also be use full to test failsafe storing and recalling, it write in clear text what it is doing. And it is also active during power up and under special mode setting configurations. Channels on Normal Range Notice a channel 9 and 10 on the board if you wish to get more of you receiver. Connect your power and ground to one of the other channels pins and then solder the servo control to the 9 or 10 channel pad. 22

24 Firmware upgrading Use the 6 pin female connector it is clearly marked with UPGRADE or FIRMWARE UPGRADE, note the arrow to pin 1 and also the upgrade text is also located closest to pin 1. Actually any USB interface with FTDI232 chipset can be used - the Arduino bootloader type or our own called TSLRS-USB. They both fit directly into this 6 pin row. First install FTDI virtual com port driver Then download mcuboot original version (some users might find version 1.3 works better if win7 or win8) If this version don t work with your version operating system, please try this mcuboot version Rename e_x_e extension to exe, this mcuboot.exe is made using Borland some PC's might need some DLL files, in that case you will be notified, about their names, if so, ask support, or google after them. Select right comport - check your virtual comport number is right if you use USB, click OK 23

25 Browse to the HEX file you got via , using OPEN. Remember the TX hex is for TX unit, and the RX hex is for the RX. File is accepted and loaded, pull down in window so you can see the black status area, click CONNECT 24

26 Mcuboot now instruct you to cycle powersupply, they means actually you POWER UP RX or TX unit NOW Now you should be connected to the "secret" bootloader program 25

27 Click Program and see on screen and status area checksum bytes After 7 sec your unit is upgraded. The Bootloader will exit and mcuboot will say Programming done, now check firmware is working and new features work as expected. You MUST read about the features of your new software so you know how to use it. You must expect to perform new bind and new store failsafe after an upgrade. LED indicators The NR got one LED it simply indicates valid supply voltage. 26

28 Warning and Disclaimer When using any wireless RC system, bad things can happen, batteries can fail; hardware can fall out of planes, and many other things. Whatever bad happens, no one at Scherrer UHF or Danish Aviation Systems or any of our Suppliers or Reselling companies, cannot be held directly or indirectly financial or personal responsible. We strongly suggest all our users to follow any local laws, and perform good safe and serious FPV and UAV flights. You agree to this by purchasing and using this system! 27