Lecture 14 NAD 83(NSRS), NAD 83(CORS 96), WGS84 and ITRF
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1 Lecture 14 NAD 83(NSRS), NAD 83(CORS 96), WGS84 and ITRF Monday, March 1, March 2010 GISC3325
2 NAD 27 and NAD 83 NAD 27 and NAD 83
3 Versions of NAD 83 First implementation labeled NAD 83 (1986). Deficiencies in this version were discovered resulting in a state-by-state campaign to provide more accurate networks. High Accuracy Reference Network (HARN) NAD 83 (####) tag given to HARN project adjustment (NOT a new datum) Subsequent campaign to re-observe networks to generate good ellipsoid heights. Monday, March 1, 2010
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5 NADCON DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE MAJORITY OF THE IDEAL METHOD DESIGN AND HAS DEFINED AS THE NATIONAL STANDARD. DESIGN CRITERIA: Relies only on NGS archived data existing in both NAD 27 and NAD 83 Provides consistent results, both forward and inverse Fast Not tied to NGS Data Base Small - Fit on PC Accurate 15 cm (1 sigma) in Conterminous U.S. NAD 27 - NAD 83(1986) 5 cm (1 sigma) per State/Region NAD 83 (1986) - HARN Monday, March 1, 2010
6 NADCON
7 NADCON N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = Monday, March 1, 2010
8 NADCON N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = Monday, March 1, 2010
9 NADCON N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = N = = Monday, March 1, 2010
10 Results of NAD83(86) Network Accuracy - 1 Meter Local Accuracy First-Order (1 part in 100,000) Monday, March 1, 2010
11 HIGH PRECISION GPS NETWORKS GPSABLE - Clear Horizons for Satellite Signal Acquisition EASY ACCESSIBILITY - Few Special Vehicle or Property Entrance Requirements REGULARLY SPACED - Within Km HIGH HORIZONTAL ACCURACY A-Order (5 mm + 1:10,000,000) B-Order (8mm + 1:1,000,000) Monday, March 1, 2010
12 HARN/HPGN ADJUSTMENT Hierarchy A-Order Adjusted to VLBI-Existing FBN-CORS B-Order Adjusted to A-Order Existing Horizontal (Conventional & GPS) Readjusted to A/B-Order New Adjustment Date Tag e.g. NAD83( ) Monday, March 1, 2010
13 HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORK Monday, March 1, 2010
14 HPGN/HARN & STATEWIDE NETWORK STATUS GPS GPS197 GPS GPS GPS GPS341 reos 7/96 GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS reobs 9/97 GPS GPS GPS1121 GPS GPS GPS725 GPS GPS GPS1133 GP S GPS383 GPS1178 reos-6/95-gps GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS721 reos 1/96 GPS GPS GPS GPS GPS260 -GPS170 reos-1996 GPS & CLASSICAL ADJUSTMENTS COMPLETED GPS ADJUSTMENT COMPLETED GPS577 Monday, March 1, 2010
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16 IMPROVING POSITIONAL ACCURACY TIME NETWORK LOCAL NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY NAD METERS (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(86) METER (1 part in 100,000) HARN METER B-order (1.0 ppm) A-order (0.1 ppm) CORS meter 0.01 meter Monday, March 1, 2010
17 Reasons for Readjustment of NAD 83(HARN) Multiple epoch dates Inconsistencies between states Need to be Consistent with CORS Compute Network and Local accuracies September 24, 2003 NGS Executive Steering Committee approved a plan for the readjustment of the horizontal positions and ellipsoid heights for GPS stations in the contiguous United States. Monday, March 1, 2010
18 What about Orthometric Heights? Decision was made not to perform a National Readjustment of orthometric heights at this time Control = NAVD 88 not the CORS Since no change in control most orthometric elevations would not change significantly Network & Local Accuracy numbers for the orthometric heights would be the primary reason for readjustment Would require relevant network accuracies for the NAVD 88 network-this would require a complete analysis of the NAVD 88 network Monday, March 1, 2010
19 NAD 83 (2007) READJUSTMENT ONLY GPS DATA WAS USED CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (started in 1994) FEDERAL BASE NETWORK (A & B) COOPERATIVE BASE NETWORK (B) USER DENSIFICATION NETWORK (First) AIRPORT SURVEYS (B & First) Monday, March 1, 2010
20 Project Adjustment Analysis 3375 Projects complete Free Adjustment Residual Plot Outliers Rejected Connectivity to A/B Order Network Verified Summary sheet with Project Information Created stations Monday, March 1, 2010
21 TRASH Projects Not Recommended for Inclusion Currently 149 Projects with 9903 stations Many Third Order FAA Projects from 1980 s Some Projects that have no ties to the Network Original TN HARN (Macrometer Data in 1990) Original Eastern Strain Network Project Monday, March 1, 2010
22 Texas Projects eliminated GPS078 GPS088 GPS1138 GPS1170/4 GPS146 GPS158 GPS288 GPS304 GPS407 GPS482 GPS577 GPS577/D GPS582 GPS584 GPS586 GPS849/193 Monday, March 1, 2010
23 Points in rejected projects. Monday, March 1, 2010
24 The National Readjustment General Comments The CORS/CGPS sites were the control Only GPS projects participated The FBN/CBN Surveys are a key element since these are high accuracy (2 cm) surveys that tie the HARN to the CORS throughout the contiguous United States and provide more accurate values for the ellipsoid heights of most HPGN stations. The required free adjustment analysis of each GPS project that contributes to the National Spatial Reference System is complete. Monday, March 1, 2010
25 Concept of Operation Helmert Blocking strategy used. NETSTAT- New Helmert Blocking software developed for the entire adjustment process incorporating more quality control and significant time saving features. Coordinates Produced and Published for both NAD83 (NSRS) and ITRF Adjustment in NAD83-Transformed to ITRF Network and Local Accuracies Produced. Monday, March 1, 2010
26 Network Accuracy Network accuracy of a control point A value that represents the uncertainty of its coordinates with respect to the geodetic datum at the 95-percent confidence level Datum is considered to be best expressed by the Continuous Operating Reference Stations (CORS) Local and Network accuracy values at CORS sites are considered to be infinitesimal (approach zero) These accuracies were implemented with the National Readjustment Monday, March 1, 2010
27 Local Accuracy Local Accuracy of a control point: A value that represents the uncertainty of its coordinates relative to other directly connected, adjacent control points at the 95-percent confidence level An approximate average of the individual local accuracy values between this control point and other observed control points used to establish its coordinates Monday, March 1, 2010
28 NEW STANDARDS FOR GEODETIC CONTROL ( local accuracy adjacent points network accuracy relative to CORS Numeric quantities, units in cm (or mm) Both are relative accuracy measures Will not use distance dependent expression Order/Class codes will no longer be used Monday, March 1, 2010
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30 Note that this position was formerly order B (1-ppm)
31 SHIFTS (Nationally ) for NAD 83 (HARN) to NAD 83 (NSRS 2007) < 5 cm. in the horizontal component with an average shift of 2.2 cm. < 10 cm. in the vertical component with an average shift of 4.6 cm. Monday, March 1, 2010
32 NSRS 2007 adjustment Four free iterations completed with decreasing numbers of residuals over 5 cm and with decreasing variances in each block and overall. Analysis of each block continues. No. of Observations = 851,073 No. of constrained parameters = 2055 No. of unknown parameters = 203,076 Degrees 0f Freedom = 650,049 Constraints in adjustment: 471 National CORS, 3 Canadian CACS, 1 Mexican CORS and 213 California CGPS sites Monday, March 1, 2010
33 TEXAS STATISTICS Total # of Stations: 2400 Max Horizontal Shift: (m) Average Hz Shift: (m) Max Vertical Shift: (m) Average Vt. Shift: (m) Monday, March 1, 2010
34 Texas NAD 83(NSRS 2007) Adjustment Statistics Texas Final Free Adjustment: Variance = stations and 813 rejected vectors Texas Final Constrained Adjustment: Variance = 1.38 Note the sole constraint for the national free adjustment (CORS site GAIT) and the 678 CORS/CGPS sites for the constrained adjustment. Monday, March 1, 2010
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39 For Stations not Included NGS recommends that NAD 83 data that is NOT part of the NSRS readjustment be readjusted by contractor/user with the original observations. A set of national transformation parameters for classical non- GPS stations and GPS stations that were excluded from the National Readjustment will be developed by NGS. Because of the relatively small shifts anticipated, a model such as NADCON will not be developed between previously determined GPS coordinates. Monday, March 1, 2010
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54 WGS 84 Monday, March 1, 2010
55 WGS 84 and NAD 83 (1986) When first implemented they were equivalent. NAD 83(1986) = WGS 84 WGS 84 does NOT use the GRS 80 reference ellipsoid. Both NAD 83 and WGS 84 do not include a provisions for velocities. Over time, both systems have diverged. Currently WGS 84(G1150) is compatible with ITRF but NOT NAD 83 (1986). Monday, March 1, 2010
56 Maintenance of WGS 84
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62 HTDP Toolkit Item
63 Unless you have a good reason to do so, use the velocities coded into this tool. Monday, March 1, 2010
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66 ITRF and WGS 84
67 ITRF to NAD 83 (????)
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