SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER DUAL Conversion SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER DUAL Conversion SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER"

Transcription

1 SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER DUAL Conversion 146 MHz Image MHz Radio Frequency Amplifier Optional Mixer Oscillator Wide Filter 1 st Intermediate Frequency Amplifier 21.8 MHz typical determines Image rejection T7A02 What type of receiver is shown in Figure T6? A. Direct conversion B. Super-regenerative C. Single-conversion superheterodyne D. Dual-conversion superheterodyne MHz Basic part of any receiver Front end of ALL receivers Just add 2 nd IF Filters Detector Audio Stage KN6FW 1 KN6FW 2

2 T7A03 What is the function of a mixer in a superheterodyne receiver? A. To reject signals outside of the desired passband B. To combine signals from several stations together C. To shift the incoming signal to an intermediate frequency D. To connect the receiver with an auxiliary device, such as a TNC CW SSB RECEIVER 2 ND Mixer 2 nd IF Filters 455 khz Product Detector Audio Amplifier Local Oscillator Beat frequency Oscillator MHz BFO inserts a signal to make a tone for CW BFO provides the carrier for SSB 2 nd IF Filter determine the bandwidth of the receiver T7A01 What is the function of a product detector? A. Detect phase modulated signals B. Demodulate FM signals C. Detect CW and SSB signals D. Combine speech and RF signals KN6FW 3 KN6FW 4

3 FM RECEIVER T7A11 Which of the following circuits demodulates FM signals? A. Limiter B. Discriminator 2 ND Mixer 2 nd IF Filters 455 khz Limiter Audio Amplifier C. Product detector D. Phase inverter Local Oscillator Discriminator (FM Detector) squelch Limiter removes any amplitude changes Eliminates man made noise Discriminator converts frequency change to audio Squelch mutes noise T2B03 Which of the following describes the muting of receiver audio controlled solely by the presence or absence of an RF signal? A. Tone squelch B. Carrier squelch C. CTCSS D. Modulated carrier KN6FW 5 KN6FW 6

4 FM RECEIVER Heterodyning 2 ND Mixer AM RECEIVER 2 nd IF Filters 455 khz Detector Audio Amplifier Local Oscillator T7A04 What circuit is pictured in Figure T7, if block 1 is a frequency discriminator? A. A double-conversion receiver B. A regenerative receiver C. A superheterodyne receiver D. An FM receiver Antique method like CW with none of the advantages Uses about 2X bandwidth of SSB Is susceptible to noise KN6FW 7 KN6FW 8

5 Direct Conversion Receiver No IF is used No Mixer required for IF Mixer Used as a Detector RF Amplifiers Efficiency = RF power / DC power Class A Linear Low Distortion Can Amplify After Mod SSB Class C NOT Linear Good Efficiency Can Amplify CW - FM KN6FW 9 KN6FW 10

6 T7A10 What device increases the low-power output from a handheld transceiver? A. A voltage divider B. An RF power amplifier C. An impedance network D. A voltage regulator Oscillator All oscillators use: Positive Feedback When a Mic Squeaks Filter to Determine Frequency RC Phase Shift LC Tank Circuit Amplification KN6FW 11 KN6FW 12

7 CW Transmitter T4 Transceiver T7A05 What is the function of block 1 if figure T4 is a simple CW transmitter? A. Reactance modulator B. Product detector C. Low-pass filter D. Oscillator T7A07 If figure T5 represents a transceiver in which block 1 is the transmitter portion and block 3 is the receiver portion, what is the function of block 2? A. A balanced modulator B. A transmit-receive switch C. A power amplifier D. A high-pass filter KN6FW 13 KN6FW 14

8 Licensed Now What? Facets of Ham Radio Contesting See how many stations you can contact in a short time Need to know you grid locator Special Events Special Significance Veterans day CW or Morse code Send only a fast as you can Rx Used for repeater ID Direction Finding Find the Bad Guys Use Directional Ant + Use Your Radio VFO Variable frequency osc Manual tuning knob Setup Some radios use keypad Radios have memory Frequency PL State of radio when stored Squelch Turns off audio if no signal Distorted signal Battery low? Off frequency? Bad Location? KN6FW 15 KN6FW 16

9 T4B03 What is the purpose of the squelch control on a transceiver? A. To set the highest level of volume desired B. To set the transmitter power level C. To adjust the automatic gain control D. To mute receiver output noise when no signal is being received All Those Keys on your radio T4B02 Which of the following can be used to enter the operating frequency on a modern transceiver? A. The keypad or VFO knob B. The CTCSS or DTMF encoder C. The Automatic Frequency Control D. All of these choices are correct T4B04 What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency on your transceiver? A. Enable the CTCSS tones B. Store the frequency in a memory channel C. Disable the CTCSS tones D. Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency T7B10 What might be the problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through the repeater is distorted or unintelligible? A. Your transmitter may be slightly off frequency B. Your batteries may be running low C. You could be in a bad location D. All of these choices are correct You will need the manual Copy it and put it in your car F Key Selects function normally not used Shift Key Turns on repeater offset Step function (F Key) Sets tuning steps (rate) Microphone Buttons Touch tone - Phone patch Up Down Frequency slection KN6FW 17 KN6FW 18

10 FREQUENCY NAMES MF Medium Frequency 300 KHz to 3 MHz HF High Frequency 3 MHz to 30 MHz VHF Very High Frequency 30 MHz to 300 MHz UHF Ultra High Frequency 300 MHz to 3 GHz T3B10 What frequency range is referred to as HF? A. 300 to 3000 MHz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 3 to 30 MHz D. 300 to 3000 khz T3B08 What are the frequency limits of the VHF spectrum? A. 30 to 300 khz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 300 to 3000 khz D. 300 to 3000 MHz T3B09 What are the frequency limits of the UHF spectrum? A. 30 to 300 khz B. 30 to 300 MHz C. 300 to 3000 khz D. 300 to 3000 MHz KN6FW 19 KN6FW 20

11 HF Radios RIT Receiver Incremental Tuning Allows you tune RX & not TX Noise Blanker Reduces ignition type noise RF feedback Garbled, distorted, or unintelligible SSB Transmitter A Form of AM Uses a Balanced Modulator Produces 2 Side Bands No CXR Filters Remove 1 Side Band Once Modulated it can t be multiplied Must be Mixed or Heterodyned KN6FW 21 T4B05 Which of the following would reduce ignition interference to a receiver? A. Change frequency slightly B. Decrease the squelch setting C. Turn on the noise blanker D. Use the RIT control T4B06 Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a singlesideband signal seems too high or low? A. The AGC or limiter B. The bandwidth selection C. The tone squelch D. The receiver RIT or clarifier T4B07 What does the term "RIT" mean? A. Receiver Input Tone B. Receiver Incremental Tuning C. Rectifier Inverter Test D. Remote Input Transmitter T7B11 What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver? A. Excessive SWR at the antenna connection B. The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency C. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible transmissions D. Frequent blowing of power supply fuses T8A01 Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? A. Spread-spectrum B. Packet radio C. Single sideband D. Phase shift keying KN6FW 22

12 Microprocessor Computer Single integrated circuit chip Your home computer USB universal serial bus DSP digital signal processor Just a fast math Microprocessor Analog to Digital Converter Digital to Analog Converter Flexible IF filter automatic notching Removes audio noise Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP) Uses Internet VoIP to connect amateur radio stations Radio side uses touch tone key pad to select node Connects thru a gateway Info in repeater directory T8C09 How might you obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP? A. From the FCC Rulebook B. From your local emergency coordinator C. From a repeater directory D. From the local repeater frequency coordinator T8C10 How do you select a specific IRLP node when using a portable transceiver? A. Choose a specific CTCSS tone B. Choose the correct DSC tone C. Access the repeater autopatch D. Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node ID KN6FW 23 KN6FW 24

13 T8C11 What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet? A. A gateway B. A repeater C. A digipeater D. A beacon Emergencies Handle the Emergency Any Way You Can Life or Property Loss Any Frequency Any Mode of Communication Get Location and Nature FCC May Restrict Operations President's War Emergency Powers KN6FW 25 KN6FW 26

14 EMERGENCY COMM Has top priority Can use any frequency Message types Emergency - safety of human life Start with Priority or Emergency Health & welfare - person s well-being SOS for CW Mayday for phone Break and your call on a repeater FCC can declare emergency comm Special conditions and rules Be prepared Working HT Programmed to the local repeater Extra charged battery AA cell battery case Dipole for HF Hand tools Food & water KN6FW 27 T1D09 [97.113(b)] Under which of the following circumstances are amateur stations authorized to transmit signals related to broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available? A. Only where such communications directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property B. Only when broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle. C. Only where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network D. Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the Internet T2C06 Which of the following is common practice during net operations to get the immediate attention of the net control station when reporting an emergency? A. Repeat the words SOS three times followed by the call sign of the reporting station B. Press the push-to-talk button three times C. Begin your transmission with Priority or Emergency followed by your call sign D. Play a pre-recorded emergency alert tone followed by your call sign KN6FW 28

15 Public Service Events Parades Noisy Use Headphones Bike Rides Runs Used for Emergency Training Net Control Training Check in Respond when called Call in if you have traffic with your call T4A02 What could be used in place of a regular speaker to help you copy signals in a noisy area? A. A video display B. A low pass filter C. A set of headphones D. A boom microphone T2C07 What should you do to minimize disruptions to an emergency traffic net once you have checked in? A. Whenever the net frequency is quiet, announce your call sign and location B. Move 5 khz away from the net's frequency and use high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the net frequency C. Do not transmit on the net frequency until asked to do so by the net control station D. Wait until the net frequency is quiet, then ask for any emergency traffic for your area KN6FW 29 KN6FW 30

16 ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service) Relief Operations ARRL Sponsored Message Handling Not Police Fire Red Cross - Salvation Army RACES (Radio Amateur Civil Emergency service) Sponsored by Local civil defense org See your local coordinator Drills Allowed 1 hour per week Must ID with drill or test message T2C05 [97.3(a)(37), ] What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service? A. An emergency radio service organized by amateur operators B. A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications C. A radio service organized to provide communications at civic events D. A radio service organized by amateur operators to assist non-military persons T2C04 What do RACES and ARES have in common? A. They represent the two largest ham clubs in the United States B. Both organizations broadcast road and weather traffic information C. Neither may handle emergency traffic supporting public service agencies D. Both organizations may provide communications during emergencies KN6FW 31 KN6FW 32

17 Emergency Comm operation May use any Frequency Keep Personal Data Secure Keep Comm to a Minimum About 25 words Tactical Call Sign Use Standard Message Format Name of Originator Tracking Info Message Tracking (Preamble) Word Count (Check) Alternate Power Source Battery Generator Car Battery Solar Panels (Sun Required) T1F01 What type of identification is being used when identifying a station on the air as Race Headquarters? A. Tactical call B. Self-assigned designator C. SSID D. Broadcast station T1F02 (C) [ (a)] When using tactical identifiers, how often must your station transmit the station?s FCC-assigned call sign? A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient B. Once during every hour C. Every ten minutes D. At the end of every communication T2C08 What is usually considered to be the most important job of an amateur operator when handling emergency traffic messages? A. Passing messages exactly as written, spoken or as received B. Estimating the number of people affected by the disaster C. Communicating messages to the news media for broadcast outside the disaster area D. Broadcasting emergency information to the general public T2C09 [97.403] When may an amateur station use any means of radio communications at its disposal for essential communications in connection with immediate safety of human life and protection of property? A. Only when FEMA authorizes it by declaring an emergency B. When normal communications systems are not available C. Only when RACES authorizes it by declaring an emergency D. Only when authorized by the local MARS program director KN6FW 33 KN6FW 34

18 T2C10 What is the preamble in a formal traffic message? A. The first paragraph of the message text B. The message number C. The priority handling indicator for the message D. The information needed to track the message as it passes through the amateur radio traffic handling system HF Frequencies 160 Meters 1.8 to 2.0 MHz 80 Meters 3.5 to 4.00 MHz Meters to MHz T2C11 What is meant by the term "check" in reference to a formal traffic message? A. The check is a count of the number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message B. The check is the value of a money order attached to the message C. The check is a list of stations that have relayed the message D. The check is a box on the message form that tells you the message was received Meters to MHz Meters to MHZ T0A08 What is one way to recharge a 12-volt lead-acid station battery if the commercial power is out? A. Cool the battery in ice for several hours B. Add acid to the battery C. Connect the battery to a car's battery and run the engine D. All of these choices are correct 21, Meters to MHz Meters , , , and Channels USB 30 Meters to Watt Max CW Only 17 Meters to Meters to MHz KN6FW KN6FW 36

19 300,000, METERS = 30 MHz 10 METERS = MHz to 29.7 MHz Original HF HAM Bands T8A06 Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF and UHF single-sideband communications? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband D. Inverted sideband 80 METERS = 3.5 MHz to 4.0 MHz 40 METERS = 7.0 MHz to 7.3 MHz 20 METERS = 14.0 MHz to MHz 15 METERS = 21.0 MHz to MHz 10 METERS = 28.0 MHz to 29.7 MHz Meters Lower side band 20 Meters and up Upper side band General Bands 80,40,20,15 Never start with.000 Phone band ends at the upper band edge Always missing a small piece of the band at the lower end of the CW and Phone sections About! of the band is CW (the lower end) Bands are about.3 MHz to.5 MHz wide KN6FW 37 KN6FW 38

20 Power Out Most band 1500 Watts PEP 50 Watts PEP referred to a dipole antenna on 60 Meters 200 Watts PEP on 30 Meters 100 Watts on Beacons Use only power required Communicate Check FCC rules for other limits T2A11 [97.313(a)] What are the FCC rules regarding power levels used in the amateur bands? A. Always use the maximum power allowed to ensure that you complete the contact B. An amateur may use no more than 200 watts PEP to make an amateur contact C. An amateur may use up to 1500 watts PEP on any amateur frequency D. An amateur must use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired communication OPERATING MODES Carrier No information Can be detected Modulation required CW CW = Continuous Wave...? Modulated by Morse code Transmitter turned on and off MCW Modulated Continuous Wave...? Tone connected to mic. jack RTTY Radioteletype (old newscasts) Frequency shift keying or AFSK Data Digital communication or packet KN6FW 39 KN6FW 40

21 PHONE (VOICE) AM Amplitude modulation (AM Radio) Standard AM broadcast SSB Single sideband Overmod makes a mess Narrow bandwidth More power that counts FM Frequency modulation Phase modulation Reactance modulator Less noise (FM Radio) Full quieting Used on repeaters Overmod uses more bandwidth T2B05 What determines the amount of deviation of an FM signal? A. Both the frequency and amplitude of the modulating signal B. The frequency of the modulating signal C. The amplitude of the modulating signal D. The relative phase of the modulating signal and the carrier T2B06 What happens when the deviation of an FM transmitter is increased? A. Its signal occupies more bandwidth B. Its output power increases C. Its output power and bandwidth increases D. Asymmetric modulation occurs KN6FW 41 KN6FW 42

22 Slow scan TV Something like FAX Standard TV Yes! HAMs can send TV pictures CW BANDWIDTH Very low. about 100 Hz Depends on sending speed RTTY Low. About 500 Hz SSB About 3 khz 2.8 Max on 60 Meters AM About 6 khz FM About 15 to 20 khz 12 MHz Crystal 12 X = 144 MHz Modulation at 12 MHz div by 12 TV About 6 MHz KN6FW 43 KN6FW 44

23 T4B08 What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver? A. Permits monitoring several modes at once B. Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode C. Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory D. Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies T8A05 Which of the following types of emission has the narrowest bandwidth? A. FM voice B. SSB voice C. CW D. Slow-scan TV T4B09 Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter to select in order to minimize noise and interference for SSB reception? A. 500 Hz B Hz C Hz D Hz T8A07 What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions? A. SSB signals are easier to tune B. SSB signals are less susceptible to interference C. SSB signals have narrower bandwidth D. All of these choices are correct T4B10 Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter to select in order to minimize noise and interference for CW reception? A. 500 Hz B Hz C Hz D Hz T7A08 Which of the following circuits combines a speech signal and an RF carrier? A. Beat frequency oscillator B. Discriminator C. Modulator D. Noise blanker T8A11 What is the approximate maximum bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal? A. 2.4 khz B. 150 Hz C Hz D. 15 khz KN6FW 45 T8A08 What is the approximate bandwidth of a single sideband voice signal? A. 1 khz B. 3 khz C. 6 khz D. 15 khz T8A09 What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phone signal? A. Less than 500 Hz B. About 150 khz C. Between 5 and 15 khz D. Between 50 and 125 khz T8A10 What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan TV transmissions on the 70 cm band? A. More than 10 MHz B. About 6 MHz C. About 3 MHz D. About 1 MHz KN6FW 46

24 PHONE Starts with a carrier wave Just a signal no information Modulation required Modulation AM = Amplitude modulation (standard am radio) SSB = Single side band (one side of am) Lower sideband meters Upper sideband and above Overmodulation Splatter ( bad ) FM = Frequency modulation (standard fm radio) More info later Test = no modulation FM Frequency modulation Direct change of frequency Phase modulation Reactance modulator Characteristics Static resistant Uses more bandwidth Over modulation Uses more bandwidth Interferes with the next channel Quick fix Talk softer or away from the mic. Used on repeater systems FM Transmitter Can be Crystal Controlled Fixed to 1 Frequency per Crystal Crystal Frequency Multiplied to get to operating Frequency KN6FW 47 KN6FW 48

25 T7B01 What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over deviating? A. Talk louder into the microphone B. Let the transceiver cool off C. Change to a higher power level D. Talk farther away from the microphone DATA OPERATION RTTY Radio teletype Computer or teletype required Frequency shift on HF Modems on VHF/UHF Packet Computer TNC terminal node controller Sound card KN6FW 49 KN6FW 50

26 T4A06 Which of the following would be connected between a transceiver and computer in a packet radio station? A. Transmatch B. Mixer C. Terminal node controller D. Antenna T4A07 How is the computer's sound card used when conducting digital communications using a computer? A. The sound card communicates between the computer CPU and the video display B. The sound card records the audio frequency for video display C. The sound card provides audio to the microphone input and converts received audio to digital form D. All of these choices are correct COURTESY Listen before you transmit Use a dummy load to tune-up For on-the-air test use simplex not a repeater Use VHF or UHF if you can; HF bands are very small If you can use simplex, do it! Don t transmit on an net until asked to Stay with the band plan Gentlemen s agreement No Racial or Ethnic Slurs Help New Hams Don t over modulate It uses more bandwidth KN6FW 51 KN6FW 52

27 Band plan A voluntary guideline Gentlemen's Agreement Thanks to the ARRL It is not FCC Rules! DX used for long distance contacts Outside the US SSB lower and upper sidebands LSB on 160, 75 and 40 Meters USB on all other Bands PSK, RTTY and SSTV Follow Band Plan Example: PSK should be below the RTTY segment, near MHz on 20 Meters T2A10 What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC? A. A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band B. A mandated list of operating schedules C. A list of scheduled net frequencies D. A plan devised by a club to use a frequency band during a contest KN6FW 53 CW OPERATION Uses International Morse SOS = Emergency CQ = Calling any station (used on phone too) Send CQ 3 times then DE then your call 3 times Don t send faster than you can receive Answer CQ Send the other station s call 2 times then DE then your call 2 times Use any thing want to key the TX T8D09 What code is used when sending CW in the amateur bands? A. Baudot B. Hamming C. International Morse D. Gray T8D10 Which of the following can be used to transmit CW in the amateur bands? A. Straight Key B. Electronic Keyer C. Computer Keyboard D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 54

28 CW _.._.._. AR = End Formal message RST with a C = Chirpy or unstable signal CL = Closing station K = Any station transmit usually send at the end KN = Listening only for a specific station DX = Distant Station Outside the country DE = From or this 73 = Best regards or good-bye Send no faster than you can receive Zero Beat the station you want to talk to Q signals QRM = Man made noise QSK = Full break-in QSO = Conversation QSY = Change frequency QSL = Send post card QTH = Location QRS = Send more slowly QRV = Ready to receive message QRL = Is this frequency in use? QRQ = Send faster QRP = Low power about 5 watts KN6FW 55 KN6FW 56

29 T2B10 What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are receiving interference from other stations? A. QRM B. QRN C. QTH D. QSB T2B11 What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are changing frequency? A. QRU B. QSY C. QSL D. QRZ HARMONICS and SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Harmonic A frequency related by 2 or 3 or 4 or any integer 14 MHz is the 2nd harmonic of 7 MHz Spurious A frequency that may be close to the operating frequency An unwanted signal Make sure all covers are in place T2B07 What should you do if you receive a report that your station's transmissions are causing splatter or interference on nearby frequencies? A. Increase transmit power B. Change mode of transmission C. Report the interference to the equipment manufacturer D. Check your transmitter for off-frequency operation or spurious emissions KN6FW 57 KN6FW 58

30 Low pass FILTERS Passes frequencies below filter cut-off Use on your transmitter Reduces harmonic radiation High pass Passes frequencies above filter cut-off Use between antenna and TV set Not needed on cable Notch Removes a small piece of spectrum Band pass Pass a small piece of spectrum Used in receivers to tune the station you want Rejects all frequencies except a small band T4A04 Where must a filter be installed to reduce harmonic emissions? A. Between the transmitter and the antenna B. Between the receiver and the transmitter C. At the station power supply D. At the microphone KN6FW 59 KN6FW 60

31 Television interference Check your TV first Harmonics Channels depend on operating frequency Filters High pass On TV Cuts HF frequencies Low pass" On transmitter Reduces harmonics Band reject Cable TV TVI Passes all but a small band Keep 2 meters out of a TV - Can interfere with ham radio KN6FW 61 T4A05 What type of filter should be connected to a TV receiver as the first step in trying to prevent RF overload from a nearby 2 meter transmitter? A. Low-pass filter B. High-pass filter C. Band-pass filter D. Band-reject filter T7B03 Which of the following may be a cause of radio frequency interference? A. Fundamental overload B. Harmonics C. Spurious emissions D. All of these choices are correct T7B06 What should you do first if someone tells you that your station's transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception? A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own television B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance C. Tell them that your license gives you the right to transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the interference D. Continue operating normally because your equipment cannot possibly cause any interference T7B07 Which of the following may be useful in correcting a radio frequency interference problem? A. Snap-on ferrite chokes B. Low-pass and high-pass filters C. Band-reject and band-pass filters D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 62

32 Interference Not Your Fault Telephone Poorly designed phones may receive radio signals Line filters may help Do not install it for anyone Receiver Overload Poorly designed radios-tvs Fundamental overload Part 15 devices May cause interference T7B02 What is meant by fundamental overload in reference to a receiver? A. Too much voltage from the power supply B. Too much current from the power supply C. Interference caused by very strong signals D. Interference caused by turning the volume up too high T7B04 What is the most likely cause of interference to a non-cordless telephone from a nearby transmitter? A. Harmonics from the transmitter B. The telephone is inadvertently acting as a radio receiver C. Poor station grounding D. Improper transmitter adjustment T7B05 What is a logical first step when attempting to cure a radio frequency interference problem in a nearby telephone? A. Install a low-pass filter at the transmitter B. Install a high-pass filter at the transmitter C. Install an RF filter at the telephone D. Improve station grounding T7B08 What should you do if a "Part 15" device in your neighbor's home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station? A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device B. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that require him to stop using the device if it causes interference C. Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 63 KN6FW 64

33 RF Interference Audio devices Diodes make receivers Oxidation counts too Bypass caps reduce RF Ferrite beads to stop RF SSB - sounds distorted CW - clicks or clicks & hum Radio Broadband noise Spark gap TX Diodes make mixers too Oxidation counts too RF CAN BURN RF SAFETY It feels like a burn not a shock Keep antennas away from people Antenna high and out of reach RF CAN HEAT Microwave oven! Heating is frequency dependent You do not need to touch the antenna or feedline to heat the body Very dangerous to eyes Cataracts KN6FW 65 KN6FW 66

34 T0C07 What could happen if a person accidentally touched your antenna while you were transmitting? A. Touching the antenna could cause television interference B. They might receive a painful RF burn C. They might develop radiation poisoning D. All of these choices are correct LIMITS SET? MAXIMUM PERMITTED EXPOSURE (MPE) How much heat should the body be exposed to?" Whole-body specific absorption rate (sar) Controlled by" Frequency Distance from antenna Power of the transmitter Gain of the antenna Time the transmitter is on Type of modulation T0C08 Which of the following actions might amateur operators take to prevent exposure to RF radiation in excess of FCC-supplied limits? A. Relocate antennas B. Relocate the transmitter C. Increase the duty cycle D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 67 KN6FW 68

35 DEFINITIONS CONTROLLED SPACE You and your family 6 minute averaging" UNCONTROLLED SPACE Your neighbors No control of exposure 30 minute averaging" NONIONIZING RADIATION Electromagnetic Radio Below ultraviolet Heats the body" T0C01 What type of radiation are VHF and UHF radio signals? A. Gamma radiation B. Ionizing radiation C. Alpha radiation D. Non-ionizing radiation T3A07 What type of wave carries radio signals between transmitting and receiving stations? A. Electromagnetic B. Electrostatic C. Surface acoustic D. Magnetostrictive KN6FW 69 KN6FW 70

36 MEASUREMENT UNITS ELECTRIC FIELD VOLTS per METER (V/m) MAGNETIC FIELD AMPERES per METER (A/m) POWER DENSITY 2 MILLIWATTS per CENTIMETER 2 (mw/cm ) MAKING MEASUREMENTS? You can t! Instruments are expensive Reading affected by" The probe People Ground interaction Other wires --- T0C06 Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. By calculation based on computer modeling C. By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 71 KN6FW 72

37 POWER vs. D I S T A N C E T0C04 What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna? A. Frequency and power level of the RF field B. Distance from the antenna to a person C. Radiation pattern of the antenna D. All of these choices are correct 1 unit 2 units EXPOSURE POWER Inversely proportional to the distance squared Directly proportional to: - Transmitter power - Transmitter duty cycle - Antenna gain - Modulation Type FM = Always on CW = Only when keyed SSB = Lowest T0C10 Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels? A. It affects the average exposure of people to radiation B. It affects the peak exposure of people to radiation C. It takes into account the antenna feedline loss D. It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier T0C11 What is meant by "duty cycle" when referring to RF exposure? A. The difference between lowest usable output and maximum rated output power of a transmitter B. The difference between PEP and average power of an SSB signal C. The ratio of on-air time to total operating time of a transmitted signal D. The amount of time the operator spends transmitting KN6FW 73 KN6FW 74

38 MPE the FCC & YOU FCC specifies exposure limits Specified in Part 97 & Part 1 You can Measure the exposure Calculate with computer programs Calculate based on FCC Part 1 & Office of Engineering and Technology Bulletin No. 65 Re-evaluate for any change of equipment You have to indicate your understanding of the exposure limits on your 610 form No records are required -BUT T0C09 How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations? A. By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station B. By re-evaluating the station whenever an item of equipment is changed C. By making sure your antennas have low SWR D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 75 KN6FW 76

39 COMMON SENSE and RF EXPOSURE Keep antennas high & out of reach Keep people away from antennas Keep hand-held radio antennas away from your head & others Mount your mobile antenna on the roof of the car (rubber duck antennas don t work well in cars) Keep all shields in place Use coax not open line Use minimum power Turn off the transmitter before working on your antenna Keep exposure levels below limits T9A07 What is a good reason NOT to use a "rubber duck" antenna inside your car? A. Signals can be significantly weaker than when it is outside of the vehicle B. It might cause your radio to overheat C. The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength D. All of these choices are correct KN6FW 77 KN6FW 78

40 WHY, WHAT and EXCEPTIONS Why So you won t cook your neighbors or your family What Radio frequency 3 khz to 300 GHz Limits on 300 khz to 100 GHz Limits hardest 30 MHz to 300 MHz body most sensitive Exception Transmitters below 50 Watts (PEP) 40 Meters and below 500 Watts T0C02 Which of the following frequencies has the lowest Maximum Permissible Exposure limit? A. 3.5 MHz B. 50 MHz C. 440 MHz D MHz T0C03 What is the maximum power level that an amateur radio station may use at VHF frequencies before an RF exposure evaluation is required? A watts PEP transmitter output B. 1 watt forward power C. 50 watts PEP at the antenna D. 50 watts PEP reflected power T0C05 Why do exposure limits vary with frequency? A. Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields B. Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body C. Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature D. The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others KN6FW 79 KN6FW 80

41 Multiple site Mountain top Repeaters Pick a site with a high power station You are part of the MPE if your power is 5% or more of the site KN6FW 81

Operating Station Equipment

Operating Station Equipment Amateur Radio License Class Operating Station Equipment Presented by Steve Gallafent October 3, 2007 Operating Station Equipment Modulation Modulation is the process of adding information to a radio signal

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 5. Lesson Plan Module 11 Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers

Technician License Course Chapter 5. Lesson Plan Module 11 Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers Technician License Course Chapter 5 Lesson Plan Module 11 Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers Generalized Transceiver Categories Mobile Single Band Dual Band All Band Multimode Handheld (HT) VHF/UHF

More information

SUBELEMENT T4. Amateur radio practices and station set up. 2 Exam Questions - 2 Groups

SUBELEMENT T4. Amateur radio practices and station set up. 2 Exam Questions - 2 Groups SUBELEMENT T4 Amateur radio practices and station set up 2 Exam Questions - 2 Groups 1 T4A Station setup: connecting microphones; reducing unwanted emissions; power source; connecting a computer; RF grounding;

More information

Amateur Radio License. Radios, Power, RFI

Amateur Radio License. Radios, Power, RFI Amateur Radio License Radios, Power, RFI Todays Topics Types of Modulation : Chapter 2 Radio Equipment : Chapter 5 Radios Digital Communications Power Supplies and Batteries RF Interference, Grounding

More information

Communicating with Other Hams

Communicating with Other Hams Amateur Radio License Class Communicating with Other Hams Presented by Steve Gallafent October 10, 2007 Communicating with Other Hams Operating Rules Your primary station/operator license is issued by

More information

Technician Class Practice Test Week 3

Technician Class Practice Test Week 3 Technician Class Practice Test Week 3 What is the most common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? What is the most common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? A. Plus 500 khz B. Plus

More information

Lesson 2 HF Procedures and Practices Overview

Lesson 2 HF Procedures and Practices Overview Lesson 2 HF Procedures and Practices Overview On Display QSL Cards On Display Icom IC-7000 On Display Buxcomm Rascal Sound card interface: PSK31 SSTV RTTY Packet Digital Voice MFSK16 -more- Operating Techniques

More information

Lesson 9: Base Stations

Lesson 9: Base Stations Lesson 9: Base Stations Preparation for Amateur Radio Technician Class Exam Topics Home Stations Basic Station Layout RTTY and Data Communications Station Accessories Wavelengths Feed Lines Impedance-matching

More information

Ham Radio Training. Level 1 Technician Level. Presented by Richard Bosch KJ4WBB

Ham Radio Training. Level 1 Technician Level. Presented by Richard Bosch KJ4WBB Ham Radio Training Level 1 Technician Level Presented by Richard Bosch KJ4WBB In this chapter, you ll learn about: What is a radio signal The characteristics of radio signals How modulation adds information

More information

Lesson 4: Frequencies & Privileges

Lesson 4: Frequencies & Privileges Lesson 4: Frequencies & Privileges Preparation for Amateur Radio Technician Class Exam Topics Frequency limits Frequencies and Wavelengths Band Sharing Operating Guidelines Emission Types Technician Frequency

More information

Interference & Suppression Page 59

Interference & Suppression Page 59 INTERFERENCE Interference & Suppression Page 59 Front-End Overload, Cross-Modulation What is meant by receiver overload? Interference caused by strong signals from a nearby transmitter What is one way

More information

Technician Licensing Class. Lesson 4. presented by the Arlington Radio Public Service Club Arlington County, Virginia

Technician Licensing Class. Lesson 4. presented by the Arlington Radio Public Service Club Arlington County, Virginia Technician Licensing Class Lesson 4 presented by the Arlington Radio Public Service Club Arlington County, Virginia 1 Quiz Sub elements T6 & T7 2 Good Engineering Practice Sub element T8 3 A Basic Station

More information

HAM RADIO. What s it all about?

HAM RADIO. What s it all about? HAM RADIO What s it all about? ELCTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LF Low Frequency 30 khz to 300 khz One Ham Band soon MF Medium Frequency 300 khz to 3 MHz. Two Ham Bands ( 160 m + one soon). HF High Frequency 3

More information

Elmer Session Hand Out for 3/3/11 de W6WTI. Some Common Controls Found On Amateur Radio Transceivers. (From ARRL web site tutorial)

Elmer Session Hand Out for 3/3/11 de W6WTI. Some Common Controls Found On Amateur Radio Transceivers. (From ARRL web site tutorial) Elmer Session Hand Out for 3/3/11 de W6WTI Some Common Controls Found On Amateur Radio Transceivers. (From ARRL web site tutorial) The placement of the controls may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 2. Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth

Technician License Course Chapter 2. Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth Technician License Course Chapter 2 Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth The Basic Radio Station What Happens During Radio Communication? Transmitting (sending a signal): Information (voice, data,

More information

Communicating with Other Hams

Communicating with Other Hams Amateur Radio License Class Communicating with Other Hams Presented by Steve Gallafent October 17, 2007 Communicating with Other Hams Radio Direction Finding Radio direction finding is the process of locating

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 2. Lesson Plan Module 2 Radio Signals and Waves

Technician License Course Chapter 2. Lesson Plan Module 2 Radio Signals and Waves Technician License Course Chapter 2 Lesson Plan Module 2 Radio Signals and Waves The Basic Radio Station What Happens During Radio Communication? Transmitting (sending a signal): Information (voice, data,

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 3 Types of Radios and Radio Circuits. Module 7

Technician License Course Chapter 3 Types of Radios and Radio Circuits. Module 7 Technician License Course Chapter 3 Types of Radios and Radio Circuits Module 7 Radio Block Diagrams Radio Circuits can be shown as functional blocks connected together. Knowing the description of common

More information

Radio Receivers. Al Penney VO1NO

Radio Receivers. Al Penney VO1NO Radio Receivers Al Penney VO1NO Role of the Receiver The Antenna must capture the radio wave. The desired frequency must be selected from all the EM waves captured by the antenna. The selected signal is

More information

4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Operating Procedures. Subelement G2. 6 Exam Questions, 6 Groups ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS

4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Operating Procedures. Subelement G2. 6 Exam Questions, 6 Groups ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G2 6 Exam Questions, 6 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 G3 Radio Wave Propagation G4 Amateur Radio

More information

General Class License Theory II. Dick Grote K6PBF

General Class License Theory II. Dick Grote K6PBF General Class License Theory II Dick Grote K6PBF k6pbfdick@gmail.com 1 Introduction In the first theory class we talked about basic electrical principles and components. Now we will build on this to learn

More information

Radio Receivers. Al Penney VO1NO

Radio Receivers. Al Penney VO1NO Radio Receivers Role of the Receiver The Antenna must capture the radio wave. The desired frequency must be selected from all the EM waves captured by the antenna. The selected signal is usually very weak

More information

9/17/2012. Chapter 5. Amateur Radio Equipment. Generalized Transceiver Categories

9/17/2012. Chapter 5. Amateur Radio Equipment. Generalized Transceiver Categories Chapter 5 Amateur Radio Equipment Generalized Transceiver Categories Single Band Dual Band Multimode Multiband Handheld (HT) VHF or UHF FM VHF/UHF FM VHF/UHF HF and VHF/UHF FM (VHF, UHF, or Both) 1 Single

More information

Module 8 Theory. dbs AM Detector Ring Modulator Receiver Chain. Functional Blocks Parameters. IRTS Region 4

Module 8 Theory. dbs AM Detector Ring Modulator Receiver Chain. Functional Blocks Parameters. IRTS Region 4 Module 8 Theory dbs AM Detector Ring Modulator Receiver Chain Functional Blocks Parameters Decibel (db) The term db or decibel is a relative unit of measurement used frequently in electronic communications

More information

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 275 MARKER S COPY

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 275 MARKER S COPY 01-6-(d) An Amateur Station is quoted in the regulations as a station: a for training new radio operators b using amateur equipment for commercial purposes c for public emergency purposes d in the Amateur

More information

Radio Station Setup and Electrical Principles

Radio Station Setup and Electrical Principles Radio Station Setup and Electrical Principles Covers sections: T4A-T5D Seth Price, N3MRA February 20, 2016 Outline 4.1 Station Setup 4.2 Operating Controls 4.3 Electronic Principles 4.4 Ohm s Law 4.5 Power

More information

Test Equipment. PHYS 401 Physics of Ham Radio

Test Equipment. PHYS 401 Physics of Ham Radio Test Equipment Voltmeter - an instrument that is used to measure voltage. It is used in parallel with a circuit to be measured. a series resistor extends the range of the meter. Ammeter - an instrument

More information

Voice repeater basics

Voice repeater basics Voice repeater basics Peter Parker VK3YE Introduction Repeater operating is one of the most popular facets of amateur radio. For the Foundation licensee, restricted to low power, repeaters offer a means

More information

Results for sample general2015 test paper

Results for sample general2015 test paper 1 / 8 2016/09/22 15:51 Your answers are marked like this: A. You got this question right, this is your correct answer. A. You got this question wrong, this is your incorrect answer. A. You got this question

More information

Australian Amateur Band Plans

Australian Amateur Band Plans Wireless Institute of Australia Australian Amateur Band Plans Updated September 2006 Introduction Spectrum Management International spectrum management is the responsibility of the International Telecommunications

More information

Class Overview. Antenna Fundamentals Repeaters Duplex and Simplex Nets and Frequencies Cool Radio Functions Review

Class Overview. Antenna Fundamentals Repeaters Duplex and Simplex Nets and Frequencies Cool Radio Functions Review Class Overview Antenna Fundamentals Repeaters Duplex and Simplex Nets and Frequencies Cool Radio Functions Review Antennas Antennas An antenna is a device used for converting electrical currents into electromagnetic

More information

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. Lecture 1- Introduction Elements, Modulation, Demodulation, Frequency Spectrum

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. Lecture 1- Introduction Elements, Modulation, Demodulation, Frequency Spectrum PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Lecture 1- Introduction Elements, Modulation, Demodulation, Frequency Spectrum Topic covered Introduction to subject Elements of Communication system Modulation General

More information

KWM-2/2A Transceiver THE COLLINS KWM-2/2A TRANSCEIVER

KWM-2/2A Transceiver THE COLLINS KWM-2/2A TRANSCEIVER KWM-2/2A Transceiver Click the photo to see a larger photo Click "Back" button on browser to return Courtesy of Norm - WA3KEY THE COLLINS KWM-2/2A TRANSCEIVER Unmatched for versatility, dependability and

More information

Amateur Radio Technician Class License Study Guide

Amateur Radio Technician Class License Study Guide Amateur Radio Technician Class License Study Guide For use July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2010 Compliments of: Earl Paazig N8KBR Yolo County ARES Amateur Radio Technician Class License Study Guide (For use July

More information

Who is an amateur operator as defined in Part 97? A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database

Who is an amateur operator as defined in Part 97? A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database Who is an amateur operator as defined in Part 97? A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined

More information

Technician Class Pool July 2006 to June

Technician Class Pool July 2006 to June 1 1A01 Who is an amateur operator as defined in Part 97? -- A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database 1A02 What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio

More information

Icom IC-9100 HF/VHF/UHF transceiver

Icom IC-9100 HF/VHF/UHF transceiver 263 Walsall Road, Great Wyrley, Walsall, WS6 6DL Established 1997. Open Monday - Friday 9am - 5pm and Saturday 9.30am - 4pm Tel: 01922 414 796 Fax: 01922 417829 Skype: radioworld_uk Icom IC-9100 HF/VHF/UHF

More information

New Tech - Operating Beric K6BEZ

New Tech - Operating Beric K6BEZ New Tech - Operating Beric K6BEZ Sponsored by Start with Repeater Operation What is a Repeater? Station usually in a high location Repeats what it hears so others can hear Why start there? Greatly increases

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 3. Lesson Plan Module 7 Types of Radio Circuits

Technician License Course Chapter 3. Lesson Plan Module 7 Types of Radio Circuits Technician License Course Chapter 3 Lesson Plan Module 7 Types of Radio Circuits The Basic Transceiver Combination of transmitter and receiver Abbreviated XCVR (X = trans) Antenna switched between transmitter

More information

Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America. Module 3 Amateur Radio

Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America. Module 3 Amateur Radio Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America Module 3 Amateur Radio 2009 Key Topics in This Module Why does the FCC have an Amateur Radio Service? Amateur Radio Activities Logging a Contact Q Signals & Abbreviations

More information

Definitions of Technical Terms

Definitions of Technical Terms Definitions of Technical Terms Terms Ammeter Amperes, Amps Band Capacitor Carrier Squelch Diode Dipole Definitions How is an ammeter usually connected = In series with the circuit What instrument is used

More information

Technician Licensing Class. Your First Radio

Technician Licensing Class. Your First Radio Technician Licensing Class Your First Radio Your First Radio Quick access to a favorite frequency on your transceiver can be done by storing the frequency in a memory channel. T4B4 With a transceiver (HT)

More information

GRAND STRAND AMATEUR RADIO CLUB

GRAND STRAND AMATEUR RADIO CLUB The GRAND STRAND AMATEUR RADIO CLUB (GSARC) Myrtle Beach SC is offering used amateur related equipment for sale. Written bids may be submitted to the GSARC up to Friday, November 23 rd, 2018. Only currently

More information

Lesson 2 What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle? Wavelength T3B01 HRLM (2-5)

Lesson 2 What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle? Wavelength T3B01 HRLM (2-5) Lesson 1 Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States? The FCC HRLM (7-2) Lesson 2 What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one

More information

HF Receivers, Part 2

HF Receivers, Part 2 HF Receivers, Part 2 Superhet building blocks: AM, SSB/CW, FM receivers Adam Farson VA7OJ View an excellent tutorial on receivers NSARC HF Operators HF Receivers 2 1 The RF Amplifier (Preamp)! Typical

More information

IARU REGION 2 BAND PLAN

IARU REGION 2 BAND PLAN IARU REGION 2 BAND PLAN Effective since October 14, 2016 INTRODUCTION The IARU Region 2 has established this band plan as the way to better organize the use of our bands efficiently. To the extent possible,

More information

Radio Frequency Interference. ARRL Book Section 3.5

Radio Frequency Interference. ARRL Book Section 3.5 Radio Frequency Interference ARRL Book Section 3.5 Interference Hearing something or signals getting where not suppose to Things like hearing the radio on your telephone or telephone calls on your TV Sometimes

More information

FCC Technician License Course

FCC Technician License Course FCC Technician License Course 2018-2022 FCC Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool Presented by: Tamiami Amateur Radio Club (TARC) WELCOME To the first of 3, 4-hour classes presented by TARC to prepare

More information

TS-590SG HF/ 50MHz All-Mode TRANSCEIVER_

TS-590SG HF/ 50MHz All-Mode TRANSCEIVER_ New Product Release Information Oct 2014 TS-590SG HF/ 50MHz All-Mode TRANSCEIVER_ Kenwood introduces Updated to new G version new HF/50MHz All-Mode Transceiver Four years ago we launched our best-selling

More information

Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America. Module 3 Amateur Radio

Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America. Module 3 Amateur Radio Radio Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America Module 3 Amateur Radio 2005 Key Topics in This Module Amateur Radio Licenses Amateur Radio Activities Q Signals & Abbreviations Types of Amateur stations Repeaters

More information

Department of Examination, Sri Lanka

Department of Examination, Sri Lanka Department of Examination, Sri Lanka EXAMINATION FOR THE AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY ISSUED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF TELECOMMUNICATION OF SRI LANKA 2000 (GENERAL CLASS) Answer

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 3 Operating Station Equipment. Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers PHYS 401 P. Reiff 2009

Technician License Course Chapter 3 Operating Station Equipment. Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers PHYS 401 P. Reiff 2009 Technician License Course Chapter 3 Operating Station Equipment Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers PHYS 401 P. Reiff 2009 Generalized Transceiver Categories Single Band Dual Band Multi-mode Multi-band

More information

The amazing evolution of the 706 series

The amazing evolution of the 706 series The amazing evolution of the 706 series The IC-706MKIIG carries on the 706 series tradition of base station performance and features in a mobile reg-sized package. Building on this legacy, frequency coverage

More information

FCC Technician License Course

FCC Technician License Course FCC Technician License Course 2014-2018 FCC Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool Presented by: Tamiami Amateur Radio Club (TARC) W E L C O M E To the final, 3-hour classes presented by TARC to prepare

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 4. Lesson Plan Module 9 Antenna Fundamentals, Feed Lines & SWR

Technician License Course Chapter 4. Lesson Plan Module 9 Antenna Fundamentals, Feed Lines & SWR Technician License Course Chapter 4 Lesson Plan Module 9 Antenna Fundamentals, Feed Lines & SWR The Antenna System Antenna: Transforms current into radio waves (transmit) and vice versa (receive). Feed

More information

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 272 CANDIDATE S COPY

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 272 CANDIDATE S COPY 01-9 The holder of a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency may: a retransmit public broadcasts b transmit in bands allocated to the Amateur Service c repair radio equipment for profit d transmit

More information

Transceiver selection and Specs.

Transceiver selection and Specs. Transceiver selection and Specs. Transceivers 1956-2018 From TUBES to SDR Covers 20-10 meters in 100Khz segments, 10 available, crystal needed for each. Plug in crystal holder. 100 Watts output, final

More information

DX AM FM SSB CW PA Amateur Base Station Transceiver OWNER S MANUAL RX / TX 2 4 POWER NF CHANNEL MODE RF POWER OFF CAL OFF OFF CALIBRATE

DX AM FM SSB CW PA Amateur Base Station Transceiver OWNER S MANUAL RX / TX 2 4 POWER NF CHANNEL MODE RF POWER OFF CAL OFF OFF CALIBRATE 1 2 3 6 4050 ULA 6070 TI 80 90 100 9 DX 2517 2517 RX / TX 0 2 4 SWR WATTS SET 81012 22 1 010 3 2030 5 MOD 7 ON dbover 9 SIGNAL +20 +40+60 PA FM AM USB LSB CW POWER ON SWR NB / ANL R.BEEP +10KHz NF CHANNEL

More information

4/30/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Practical Circuits. Practical Circuits. Subelement G7. 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups

4/30/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Practical Circuits. Practical Circuits. Subelement G7. 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G7 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures G3 Radio Wave Propagation

More information

ADJUSTING YOUR HF RECEIVER

ADJUSTING YOUR HF RECEIVER ADJUSTING YOUR HF RECEIVER N5KIP January 31, 2017 Disclaimers What works on one model of radio might not work well on another CW (narrow bandwidth) and SSB (wider bandwidth) will require different receiver

More information

LnR Precision, Inc. 107 East Central Avenue, Asheboro, NC

LnR Precision, Inc. 107 East Central Avenue, Asheboro, NC LD5 CW/SSB QRP Transceiver Quick guide manual Description: At the development base of the digital signal processing unit, an algorithm is embedded for IQ processing of the channels with phase suppression

More information

Question Bank For Amateur Radio Licensing Examination, 2017 (for reference and guidance only)

Question Bank For Amateur Radio Licensing Examination, 2017 (for reference and guidance only) 1. What is the standard repeater shifting in VHF band? a) 5 MHz b) 600 KHz c) 1 MHz d) 900 KHz 2. What is the standard repeater shifting in UHF band? a) 600 KHz b) 1 MHz c) 5 MHz d) 900 KHz 3. What is

More information

General Class Element 3 Course Prese t n t a i tion ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS G1 Commission s Rules G2 Oper t a i

General Class Element 3 Course Prese t n t a i tion ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS G1 Commission s Rules G2 Oper t a i General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G1 Commission s s Rules 5 Exam Questions, 5 Groups G1 G2 Operating Procedures G3 Radio Wave Propagation

More information

Welcome to Ham Radio 201 New General / Extra Session

Welcome to Ham Radio 201 New General / Extra Session Welcome to Ham Radio 201 New General / Extra Session Sponsored by Agenda New Technician / New Licensee 8:00 Kickoff 8:15 VHF/UHF Gear - George 9:00 VHF/UHF Operating - Beric 9:45 VHF Digital Voice George

More information

Norfolk Amateur Radio Club

Norfolk Amateur Radio Club Norfolk Amateur Radio Club The Transmitter & Transmitter Interference Nick M0HGU & Steve G3PND Plan for the Day The Transmitter Introduction, Block diagrams Oscillators, Buffers & Multipliers Modulation

More information

Operation Manual. SlJPER ST AR Channel Mobile 5-Mode Transceiver -----~- --:.. KTSS200NXX ,, I

Operation Manual. SlJPER ST AR Channel Mobile 5-Mode Transceiver -----~- --:.. KTSS200NXX ,, I Operation Manual!.,, SlJPER ST AR 2000 200 Channel Mobile 5-Mode Transceiver -----~- --:.. KTSS200NXX General Description l Frequency/Channel Chart The Super Star -2000 is a combination transmitter-receiver

More information

RADIO AMATEUR EXAM GENERAL CLASS

RADIO AMATEUR EXAM GENERAL CLASS RAE-Lessons by 4S7VJ 1 CHAPTER-5 RADIO AMATEUR EXAM GENERAL CLASS By 4S7VJ 5.1 RECEIVER The main purpose of a radio receiver is receive RF signal and convert to AF signal or get the audio signal out from

More information

Technician Licensing Class. Antennas

Technician Licensing Class. Antennas Technician Licensing Class Antennas Antennas A simple dipole mounted so the conductor is parallel to the Earth's surface is a horizontally polarized antenna. T9A3 Polarization is referenced to the Earth

More information

SPECS FEATURES SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES. HF All Band Transceiver

SPECS FEATURES SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES. HF All Band Transceiver 718 HF All Band Transceiver RX 0.030-29.999999MHz* TX 1.800-1.999999 MHz** 3.500-3.999999 MHz** 7.000-7.300000 MHz 10.100-10.150000 MHz 14.000-14.350000 MHz 18.068-18.168000 MHz 21.000-21.450000 MHz 24.890-24.990000

More information

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 276 MARKER S COPY

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 276 MARKER S COPY 01-3-(a) The Amateur Service in New Zealand is administered through this prime document: a the New Zealand Radiocommunications Regulations b the Broadcasting Act c the Telecommunications Act d the Radio

More information

KENWOOD SKY COMMAND SYSTEM

KENWOOD SKY COMMAND SYSTEM KENWOOD SKY COMMAND SYSTEM Operation Manual KENWOOD COMMINICATIONS CORPORATION KENWOOD COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION This operation manual is used for the KENWOOD SKY COMMAND SYSTEM (hereinafter referred

More information

Technician Class Question Pool Questions and correct answers only July 1, 2014 June 30, 2018 By K8TB last edited

Technician Class Question Pool Questions and correct answers only July 1, 2014 June 30, 2018 By K8TB last edited Technician Class Question Pool Questions and correct answers only July 1, 2014 June 30, 2018 By K8TB last edited 2-15-2016 SUBELEMENT T1-FCC Rules, descriptions and definitions for the amateur radio service,

More information

HAMTRONICS TB901 FM EXCITER INSTALLATION, OPERATION, & MAINTENANCE

HAMTRONICS TB901 FM EXCITER INSTALLATION, OPERATION, & MAINTENANCE HAMTRONICS TB901 FM EXCITER INSTALLATION, OPERATION, & MAINTENANCE GENERAL INFORMATION. The TB901 is a single-channel low power fm transmitter (exciter) designed to provide 300-600 milliwatts continuous

More information

Goodkin Ham Radio Class Tech Question Pool RIGHT ANSWERS ONLY

Goodkin Ham Radio Class Tech Question Pool RIGHT ANSWERS ONLY SUBELEMENT T1 FCC Rules, descriptions, and definitions for the Amateur Radio Service, operator and station license responsibilities - [6 Exam Questions - 6 Groups] T1A - Amateur Radio Service: purpose

More information

COMM 704: Communication Systems

COMM 704: Communication Systems COMM 704: Communication Lecture 1: Introduction Dr. Mohamed Abd El Ghany, Mohamed.abdel-ghany@guc.edu.eg Course Objective Give an introduction to the basic concepts of electronic communication systems

More information

Technician Class Question Pool (Element 2 TEC) Effective

Technician Class Question Pool (Element 2 TEC) Effective SUBELEMENT T1 FCC Rules, descriptions and definitions for the Amateur Radio Service, operator and station license responsibilities - [6 Exam Questions - 6 Groups] T1A - Amateur Radio Service: purpose and

More information

The No-Nonsense, No-Code Technician Class License Study Guide

The No-Nonsense, No-Code Technician Class License Study Guide The No-Nonsense, No-Code Technician Class License Study Guide (for tests given after July 1, 2006) Dan Romanchik KB6NU NOT FOR SALE!! What is amateur (ham) radio? Amateur radio, also known as ham radio,

More information

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 260 MARKER S COPY

Amateur Radio Examination EXAMINATION PAPER No. 260 MARKER S COPY 01-7-(a) An authorised officer from the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment can inspect a General Amateur Operator's Certificate of Competency: a at any time b during business hours c at any

More information

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Installation 1. Install a ground system for DC noise suppression and RFI suppression 2. Install your DC power supply 3. Install lightning protection. This will help protect more than

More information

The G4EGQ RAE COURSE Lesson 9 Transmitters Lesson 8 looked at a simple transmitter exciter comprising of oscillator, buffer and multiplier stages.

The G4EGQ RAE COURSE Lesson 9 Transmitters Lesson 8 looked at a simple transmitter exciter comprising of oscillator, buffer and multiplier stages. Lesson 8 looked at a simple transmitter exciter comprising of oscillator, buffer and multiplier stages. The power amplifier The output from the exciter is usually very low and it is necessary to amplify

More information

4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Signals and Emissions. SignalSignals and Emissionsissions. Subelement G8

4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Signals and Emissions. SignalSignals and Emissionsissions. Subelement G8 General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G8 Signals and Emissions 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures

More information

CON NEX HP. OWNER'S MANUAL Full Channel AM/FM Amateur Mobile Transceiver TABLE OF CONTENTS TUNING THE ANTENNA FOR OPTIMUM S.W.R..

CON NEX HP. OWNER'S MANUAL Full Channel AM/FM Amateur Mobile Transceiver TABLE OF CONTENTS TUNING THE ANTENNA FOR OPTIMUM S.W.R.. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SPECIFICATIONS... 2 INSTALLATION... 3 LOCATION... 3 CON NEX - 4300HP MOUNTING THE RADIO... 3 IGNITION NOISE INTERFERENCE... 4 ANTENNA... 4 TUNING THE ANTENNA FOR OPTIMUM S.W.R..

More information

The 21st Century R-390A/URR Reference Y2K-R3 Edited 7/09: No Technical Changes Chapter 2 - Operation. Page Table Of Contents 2-1

The 21st Century R-390A/URR Reference Y2K-R3 Edited 7/09: No Technical Changes Chapter 2 - Operation. Page Table Of Contents 2-1 Edited 7/09: No Technical Changes Chapter 2 - Operation Page Table Of Contents 2-1 2.1 Introduction. 2-2 2.2 Controls and Indicators 2-2 2.3 Operating Instructions And Control Settings 2-9 2.3.1 Pre-operational

More information

Technician Class HAM License Test Bank

Technician Class HAM License Test Bank Technician Class HAM License Test Bank T1 - FCC Rules, descriptions and definitions for the Amateur Radio Service, operator and station license responsibilities: 6 Exam Questions T2 - Operating Procedures:

More information

2007 Element 3 General Class Question Pool. (Revised February 23, 2007)

2007 Element 3 General Class Question Pool. (Revised February 23, 2007) 2007 Element 3 General Class Question Pool (Revised February 23, 2007) This is the official release of the 2007 Element 3 Questions pool from the Question Pool Committee of the NCVEC This file is normally

More information

Second Hand Yaesu FTDX5000MP HF base station transceiver

Second Hand Yaesu FTDX5000MP HF base station transceiver 263 Walsall Road, Great Wyrley, Walsall, WS6 6DL Established 1997. Open Monday - Friday 9am - 5pm and Saturday 9.30am - 4pm Tel: 01922 414 796 Fax: 01922 417829 Skype: radioworld_uk Second Hand Yaesu FTDX5000MP

More information

Cat. No OWNER S MANUAL. HTX-212 Two-Meter Mobile Transceiver. Please read before using this transceiver.

Cat. No OWNER S MANUAL. HTX-212 Two-Meter Mobile Transceiver. Please read before using this transceiver. 19-1125.fm Page 1 Tuesday, August 3, 1999 9:47 AM Cat. No. 19-1125 OWNER S MANUAL HTX-212 Two-Meter Mobile Transceiver Please read before using this transceiver. 19-1125.fm Page 2 Tuesday, August 3, 1999

More information

Radio 101 Reference Version 3 Feb https://w7jcr.wordpress.com/ Page 1

Radio 101 Reference Version 3 Feb https://w7jcr.wordpress.com/ Page 1 Radio 101 Reference Version 3 Feb 2017 https://w7jcr.wordpress.com/ Page 1 Topics 1. Emergency Communications 2. Radio Modes a. Simplex b. Repeaters 3. Programmed Frequency List Highlights 4. Radio Propagation

More information

NCVEC Public Domain Released Monday, January 08,2018 FCC Exam Element 2 Question Pool for Technician Class Effective 7/01/2018-6/30/2022

NCVEC Public Domain Released Monday, January 08,2018 FCC Exam Element 2 Question Pool for Technician Class Effective 7/01/2018-6/30/2022 NCVEC Public Domain Released Monday, January 08,2018 FCC Exam Element 2 Question Pool for Technician Class Effective 7/01/2018-6/30/2022 Errata Released January 12,2018 T1F11-Distractor A; Typo change

More information

Technician Radio License Statement Study Edited May 2014 by Steven C. Buren For Independence, Kansas Radio Club

Technician Radio License Statement Study Edited May 2014 by Steven C. Buren For Independence, Kansas Radio Club Technician Radio License Statement Study Edited May 2014 by Steven C. Buren For Independence, Kansas Radio Club http://www.theorybin.com/radio.htm This is a Statement view of the FCC Element-2 Technician

More information

Australian Amateur Band Plans

Australian Amateur Band Plans Wireless Institute of Australia Australian Amateur Band Plans Updated January 2011 Introduction Spectrum Management International spectrum management is the responsibility of the International Telecommunications

More information

Technician Question Pool July 2018-June 2022

Technician Question Pool July 2018-June 2022 Technician Question Pool July 2018-June 2022 T1A01 (C) Which of the following is a purpose of the Amateur Radio Service as stated in the FCC rules and regulations? A. Providing personal radio communications

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 5, 6, 7 5: Licensing Regulations P. Reiff PHYS 401 Spring 2009

Technician License Course Chapter 5, 6, 7 5: Licensing Regulations P. Reiff PHYS 401 Spring 2009 Technician License Course Chapter 5, 6, 7 5: Licensing Regulations P. Reiff PHYS 401 Spring 2009 Licensing Authority Federal Communications Commission Located in Gettysburg, PA. Amateur Radio operations

More information

Wash your hands before you come to dinner! Lesson 3 Rules and Regulations

Wash your hands before you come to dinner! Lesson 3 Rules and Regulations Wash your hands before you come to dinner! Lesson 3 Rules and Regulations Ham Radio Band Plan Page 3-8 Study Guide Review On which bands is a General Class license holder granted all amateur frequency

More information

Amateur Radio License. Safety

Amateur Radio License. Safety Amateur Radio License Safety Exam 35 questions, you have to get 26 right There will be multiple exams available, you can try again immediately There will also be General (and Extra!) class tests if you

More information

1. Farad is a unit of (a) Resistance (b) Inductance (c) Capacitance. (d) Frequency.

1. Farad is a unit of (a) Resistance (b) Inductance (c) Capacitance. (d) Frequency. Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka EXAMINATION FOR THE AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS CERTIFICATE OF PROFICENCY ISSUED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS OF SRI LANKA (1998) (NOVICE CLASS) Basic

More information

Amateur Radio General License Class Syllabus

Amateur Radio General License Class Syllabus AD7FO Page 1 8/1/2011 Amateur Radio General License Class Syllabus Revision 1.02 Jack Tiley AD7FO AD7FO Page 2 8/1/2011 June 2011 General License Class Syllabus Revision 1.01 Compiled By Jack Tiley AD7FO

More information

Technician Licensing Class T9

Technician Licensing Class T9 Technician Licensing Class T9 Amateur Radio Course Monroe EMS Building Monroe, Utah January 11/18, 2014 January 22, 2014 Testing Session Valid dates: July 1, 2010 June 30, 2014 Amateur Radio Technician

More information

Amateur Wireless Station Operators License Exam

Amateur Wireless Station Operators License Exam Amateur Wireless Station Operators License Exam Study material 2017 South India Amateur Radio Society, Chennai CHAPTER 5 1 Chapter 5 Amateur Wireless Station Operators License Exam Study Material Chapter

More information

The Icom IC Adam Farson VA7OJ. A New Top-class HF/6m Transceiver. IC-7700 Information & Links

The Icom IC Adam Farson VA7OJ. A New Top-class HF/6m Transceiver. IC-7700 Information & Links The Icom IC-7700 A New Top-class HF/6m Transceiver Adam Farson VA7OJ IC-7700 Information & Links Copyright 2008 North Shore Amateur Radio Club NSARC HF Operators IC-7700 1 IC-7700 front panel This is a

More information