The 5G Technology Ecosystem. Dr. Taro Eichler Dr. Corbett Rowell

Transcription

1 The 5G Technology Ecosystem Dr. Taro Eichler Dr. Corbett Rowell

2 Application scenarios that shall be supported by 5G technology High spectral efficiency Low latency High density device deployment Improved link budget Low device complexity Long battery life Low packet error rate Low packet loss rate Low latency Source: IMT Vision Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond (June 19, 2015)

3 5G - Continuing the Success of LTE Evolution Service: Data +Voice Mobile Broadband (MBB) embb / mmtc / URLLC eicic MTC Cat0 CAT M1 PSM NB- IoT 20 MHz MIMO OFDM Voice MBMS CA 8x8 MIMO CoMP WLAN offload CA enh. CA FDD + TDD DC 256 QAM D2D LAA D2D enh. LWIP LWA SC- PTM V2X Rel8 Rel9 Rel10 Rel11 Rel12 Rel13 Rel / Commercial operation

4 embb: How to Improve System Capacity? Problem: Shannon Channel Capacity Capacity (bits/second) G vs. 4G Capacity Comparison C W log 2 Signal BW (Hz) 1 SNR (S/N) Solution: Signal Bandwidth & SNR Use additional frequency bands in mmwave spectrum (3010 GHz, > 6GHz) for increased signal bandwidth up to 2 GHz Increase spectral and energy efficiency of 5G waveforms and multiple access Implement Massive MIMO with multiple channels and beamforming to improve SNR Energy Efficiency (bits/j) LTE Pico-Cell Curve Current LTE Pico-Cell Point Current LTE Macro-Cell Point LTE Macro-Cell Curve GSM Curve Current GSM Point Spectral Efficiency (bps/hz) Easiest ways to improve capacity: MIMO and Signal BW

5 5G: Required Radio Technologies Waveforms mmwave Radio IoT P f Multiple Access Massive MIMO t Fiber Interconnect

6 3GPP 5G Standardization Update Timeline after RAN #73 (Sept 2016) Today LTE Advanced Pro 5G NR Phase 1 5G NR Phase 2 Release 13 Release 14 Release 15 Release 16 3GPP 5G Workshop 5G NR Scope and Requirements 5G NR Work Items Phase 1 5G NR Work Items Phase 2 Channel modeling > 6 GHz TR finalized TSG-RAN #78, December 2017: Stage 3 freeze of L1/L2 for common aspects of NSA (focused on licensed bands) and SA NR; Principles agreed for SA-specific L1/L2 components. TSG #80, June 2018: Release 15 stage 3 freeze for NR and NexGen, including Standalone. TR NR: New Radio SA: Standalone NSA: Non Standalone 6

7 3GPP 5G Standardization Update RAN Specifications 3GPP RAN naming convention: 3.xG = UTRAN, 4.xG = E-UTRAN, 5G = NR (New Radio) New 3GPP RAN specification series TR 38.xxx: Spec Number Title 3GPP WG TR Study on New Radio Access Technology: RAN Architecture and Interfaces RAN3 TR Study on New Radio Access Technology: Physical Layer Aspects RAN1 TR TR for Study on New Radio Access Technology: RF and co-existence aspects RAN4 TR TR for Study on New Radio Access Technology: Radio Interface Protocol Aspects RAN2 TR TR TR Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz Study on New Radio Access Technology Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technology Source: 7

8 Technical report for 3GPP for channel modelling available SI proposed by Samsung, Nokia 03/2015. Was finished in June To be used for RAN1 system simulations. Eventually adopted in RAN4 for performance tests, not decided yet. Different scenarios defined for >6 GHz: Urban Micro (UMi): street canyon, open square. Urban Macro (UMa) with outdoor/indoor UE. Indoor: Office (Open, Mixed), Shopping Mall. Source: 8

9 3GPP 5G Standardization Update Use Cases and Applications Massive IoT A diverse ecosystem (operators, manufacturers, local authorities, certification only for some technologies) Mix of technologies (GSM, Lora, Zigbee, WLAN, Bluetooth, Cat M, NB-IoT,) It s all about cost efficiency and massive connectivity Massive IoT enhanced Mobile Broadband embb the known playground Established ecosystem (operators, manufacturers, certification of devices) Evolution from existing technologies (LTE-A, ad) and revolutionary additions (cm- / mm-wave) It s all about data (speed and capacity) Ultra reliable & low latency communication URLLC A significantly enhanced and diverse ecosystem (operators (?), manufacturers, verticals, certification not existing (yet)) Existing technologies do not provide sufficient performance It s all about reliability and security (data and capacity) 14 Oct G Congress Tokyo / Japan 9

10 Global 5G Trial Activities Network Operators Verizon SK Telecom Korea Telecom NTT DoCoMo AT&T TeliaSonera Optus China Mobile Vodafone Dt. Telekom TIM Orange Telefonica 2017, US (Verizon): commercial operation for fixed wireless access 5G Open Trial Specification Alliance OEMs 2018, South Korea (SKT/KT): commercial operation for Winter Olympics Ericsson 2020, Japan (NTT DoCoMo): commercial operation for Summer Olympics Harmonization of 5G specification is driven by the four operators Verizon, SKT, KT and NTT DoCoMo Intel Nokia Samsung Cicso Qualcomm Huawei Samsung ZTE NEC Fujitsu Oct G Forum

11 5G Trials and Network Deployments Use Cases Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Focus of 5G trials and early network deployments is on enhanced Mobile Broadband Mobile Networks embb pre-5g NR / SA pre-5g NR SA 5G NR NSA 11

12 5G Trials and Network Deployments Timeline 2016 Today LTE Advanced Pro 5G NR Phase 1 5G NR Phase 2 5G NR Evolution Release Release 15 Release 16 Release 17 Technology Trials Spec published Field Trials Network Launch 5G Network (pre-3gpp, FWA) 5G NR Phase 1 Specification approved Technology Trials Samsung KT, SKT Technology Trials Japanese Operators Field Trials 5G Network (pre-3gpp, SA) Field Trials (pre-3gpp) Network Launch Field Trials (3GPP 5G NR) 3GPP compliant 5G NR Network (NSA, LTE interworking) Network Launch 12

13 5G Spectrum Availability WRC5 Considered frequency ranges and bands to be studied for 5G: to 27.5 GHz 31.8 to 33.4 GHz 37.0 to 43.5 GHz 45.4 to 50.2 GHz 50.4 to 52.6 GHz 66 to 76 GHz 81 to 86 GHz Total available bandwidth: ~ 30 GHz Carrier BW Cell Size 28 GHz band is not fully covered, however of high interest for deployment in US and Korea Sub-6GHz Coverage Mobility Reliability cave: GHz mm Wave: GHz High Capacity Massive Throughput Ultra-Dense Networks n x 20 MHz n x 100 MHz 1-2 GHz Macro Small Ultra-small Recommended Bands < 6GHz (Europe) Sub 700MHz MHz L-Band MHz MHz TD-LTE GHz C-Band GHz GHz Total available bandwidth: 1.3 GHz 13

14 5G Trials and Network Deployments 28 GHz Spectrum in US FCC adds additional spectrum for 5G wireless by an anonymously vote on July 14, 2016 Total of GHz will be made available: 28 GHz: 27.5 to GHz 37 GHz: 37.0 to 38.6 GHz Licensed 39 GHz: 38.6 to 40 GHz 64 to 71 GHz. Unlicensed 2x 425 MHz blocks for the 28 GHz band, country-wide available. Remaining licensed bands are organized as 200 MHz blocks. Source: Dedicated to Shared Spectrum Use f in GHz 200 MHz 14

15 5G Trials and Network Deployments Verizon 5G Specifications Verizon has published their 5G specifications in July 2016 Based on 3GPP LTE Advanced Rel2 specifications with several changes and adaptations: OFDM(A) also used in UL Beamforming, e.g. BRS = Beam Reference Signals PHY, MAC, RLC adaptations supporting new capabilities Higher layer protocol extensions, e.g. beam measurements Source: 15

16 5G Trials and Network Deployments Verizon 5G Specifications Based on 3GPP LTE Advanced Specifications Physical Layer and Spectrum Usage 16

17 5G A(nother) new air interface LTE air interface will not support all use cases In particular low latency requirements require redesign Many different use cases suggest more than a single air interface Discussed candidates comprise: UFMC: Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier FBMC: Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier GFDM: Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing f-ofdm: Filtered-OFDM SCMA: Sparse Code Multiple Access NOMA: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Common advantages at the cost of higher complexity: Better robustness against imperfect synchronism Reduced out-of-band emission Common key parameters: FFT size, number of active subcarriers, subcarrier spacing reduced out of band emissions Number of symbols per subcarrier, symbol source Ideal: waveform is fully orthogonal in time & frequency. No inter carrier interference ICI & well known localization in time & frequency But: reality is different (real world channel conditions)! freq no need to be synchronized + better spectral efficiency 17

18 5G waveform candidates some design aspects Overhead Resistance to Interference Out of Band Emissions Rx Power (db) Time Frequency Spectral Efficiency Flexibility Receiver/MIMO Complexity 18

19 f-ofdm Filtered OFDM f-ofdm applies subband specific filtering, various characteristics possible Sub-band 1 Sub-band 2 Sub-band N ifft 1 e.g. 256 ifft 2 e.g. 256 ifft N e.g CP 1 e.g. 1/10 CP 2 e.g. 1/16 CP N e.g. 1/32 Filter 1 Filter 2 Filter N Σ Based on OFDM numerology Completely different parameter set for each sub-band Sub-carrier spacing, FFT-size, filter, cyclic prefix length 19

20 Basic principles: Downlink and Uplink xpdcch xpdsch Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal (DL PNCRS),, Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS) Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal (PNCRS) xpbch, epbch xpucch xprach xpusch

21 Comparison LTE and Verizon Wireless 5G PHY parameterization (2/2) Aggregation of up to 8 carriers 100 MHz each. LTE: 3GPP Rel.102: only 5 carriers 20 MHz each. LTE: 3GPP Rel.13: 32 carriers up to 20 MHz each. Dynamic switch on a subframe basis from downlink to uplink transmission. 4 possibilities: New PHY signals and new or modified PHY channels, supporting additional capabilities. 21

22 Old and new synchronization signals /, Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS) time Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2. Subframe #24 Subframe #25 Subframe #26.. Subframe #49 Subframe #0 1 Subframe = 0.2 ms (TTI) Radio Frame (10 ms) OFDM Symbol #0... OFDM Symbol #13 OFDM Symbol #0... OFDM Symbol #13 OFDM Symbol #0... OFDM Symbol #13 Subcarrier #708 Subcarrier #634 Subcarrier #563 PRB #58 Subcarrier #704 Subcarrier #703 Subcarrier #632 Subcarrier #631 Subcarrier #559 Subcarrier #558 ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS PRB #53 Subcarrier #642 Subcarrier #641 PRB #47 Subcarrier #569 Subcarrier #568 PRB #41 Subcarrier #496 Subcarrier #495 ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS ESS Subcarrier #636 Subcarrier #564 Subcarrier #492 22

23 xpbch, epbch Where are the broadcast channels transmitted? Subframe #0 and # ms 41 PRB 18 PRB (PRB41 to PRB58) 41 PRB xpbch, BRS xpbch, BRS ESS SFN [8 bit] BRS transmission period epbch periodicity even numbered subblocks with complex-valued symbols odd numbered subblocks with complex-valued symbols Bit epbch periodicity T epbch 00 OFF N/A ms ms ms 16 xpbch transmitted on 4 consecutive radio frames. Occupies subframe #0, #25 with //ESS and BRS; BRS are used to demod xpbch. Transmitted info (MIB): SFN (8 bits), BRS period, epbch transmission periodicity. epbch carries System Information Block (xsib) and is transmitted on pre-defined or configured subframe. Subframe depends on BRS transmission period. Periodicity is (none, 4, 8, 16) radio frames (xpbch). BRS transmission period # of subframes Subframes within radio frame 1 slot < 5 ms 1 49 th 1 subframe = 5 ms 2 48 th, 49 th 2 subframes = 10 ms 4 46 th, 47 th, 48 th, 49 th 4 subframes = 20 ms 8 42 nd,43 th,...,48 th,49 th

24 xpbch, Beamforming Reference Signal (BRS) 41 PRB Subframe #0 and # ms xpbch, BRS 1 PRB 0.2 ms l = BRS Scrambling (OCC) depends on antenna port: 713 p = k= 709 xpbch Used as Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) 24

25 Verizon 5G specification Some Details on the Air Interface - Testplan The present document establishes a test plan for the air interface of the 5G trial systems. In this specification, a single 5G NB shall operate with a single 5G UE in a lab environment. Beamforming is an essential part of any commercial radio access networks that are deployed on a higher frequency in order to provide a sufficient coverage. Members of Verizon 5G TF have agreed on adopting hybrid beamforming for its advantage in relatively flexible beamforming at a reasonable implementation cost, as well as ability to support both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. 25

26 Rohde&Schwarz R&S SMW200A Vector Signal Generator with Software Option SMW-K114 provides the required 5G capabilities f-ofdm: with Filter Length = 1 and Subband = 1 generic OFDM signals can be generated. Set FFT size Set subcarrier spacing CP Y/N? Occupied Bandwidth # of Symbols 26

27 Demodulating Verizon Wireless 5G signal (Example: Downlink) 27

28 Rohde & Schwarz supports V5G signal generation/analysis based on Verizon 5G open trial specifications 100 MHz single carrier or multi-carrier signals 800 MHz

29 Current RAN1#85 (May 2016) Discussion on NR Numerology Scaling for subcarrier spacing: f SC = f 0 *2 m with m = 1, 2,, z or f SC = f 0 *M with M = 1, 2,, z. Current working assumption (WA) based on RAN1#85 is that f 0 = 15 khz and scaling factor is 2 m. Additional proposals: (1) f 0 = N/D*15 khz for small values of N, D, (2) Non-power-of-2 FFT size or (3) allow a subcarrier spacing of 75 khz. Agreement for WA to be achieved until RAN1#86 (08/2016). Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Set 6 Set 7 Set z Subcarrier Spacing [khz] Component Carrier BW [MHz] X 2X 4X 8X 16X 32X 64X Symbol Length [μs] Cyclic Prefix Length [μs] Subframe Length [ms] Radio Frame Length [ms] Note TBD after identifying detailed scheduling operations in NR. To be defined At least it is necessary to cover X=20, and it is beneficial to cover X=40, wider bandwidths for FFS Source: R Views on numerology for NR, NTT DoCoMo [May 2016]

30 R&S 5G Test Solution Overview Wideband Signal Testing R&S SMW200 Spectrum Analyzer DUT Signal generator UP < 40 GHz > 40 GHz R&S FSW85 I 40 GHz signal generation I 85 GHz signal analysis I 2 GHz bandwidth support Channel Sounding Solution R&S SMW200 Signal generator I fast measurement in time domain I support for in- and outdoor sounding I very high dynamic range New 5G PHY Candidates R&S SMW200 K114 R&S FS-K196 R&S FSW85 R&S TS-5GCS Component Characterization R&S ZVA Spectrum Analyzer Data Analysis Software Network Analyzer Direct measurements up to 110 GHz Massive MIMO - Beamforming R&S SMW200+ 6x R&S SGT100 R&S ZNBT I Phase-coherent RF generation I Multi-port VNA E2e Application Testing CONTEST CMWrun R&S NGMO DUT R&S CMW500 Analyze application behavior like signaling load, delay, power etc. 30

31 If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together! African proverb 31