Ambient Air Quality & Noise Levels

Transcription

1 DEEPAWALI FESTIVAL 2014 Ambient Air Quality & Noise Levels LABORATORY CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD P A R I V E S H B H A V A N, E A S T A R J U N N A G A R, D E L H I

2 y 40, MEAN fv,0 '0+ Wza) Vrr7T SHASHI SHEKHAR, IAS Chairman 4!:0-1:1q YVIUI lt1701 ( Wrfa. i+kof-m ) gqic ul, qff.cra 11(1,4 I tqc :10-10 Central Pollution Control Board (A Govt. of India Organisation) Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change Phone : / FOREWORD Noise and air pollution are considered as the potential hazard to the ambient environment The situation, due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali Festival has been identified as one of the major pollution problems in the country. It is, therefore necessary to conduct ambient noise and air quality monitoring during this festival to understand the level of pollution and correlate the effectiveness of different abatement programs. Central Pollution Control Board / State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees had conducted an extensive noise monitoring across the country during Deepawali festival on continuously for 24 hours at each location. These data were compared with a normal day monitoring. This report is a compilation of noise (209 stations) and ambient air quality (163 stations) covering 21 states/uts in the country. Despite, mass awareness programs being taken up by respective SPCBs/PCCs, there was increase in the level of pollution in the country during Deepawali days. Thus, this report would be helpful for formulating better mass awareness program before the next festival. The exercise was possible under the encouraging supervision of Dr. D. Saha, Scientist `E' The efforts of Shri P. Krishnamurthy, Scientist 'C', towards Coordination, data compilation is appreciated. I trust and believe that the SPCBs/PCCs and other concerned authorities will find this document useful for making the public in confidence with a view to celebrate Deepawali in environmentally sound way. /1L41- (Shashi Shekhar) 'Parivesh Bhawan', C.B.D.-cum-Office Complex, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi Fax : / , ccb.cpcb@nic.in, shashi.shekhar@nic.in Website :

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Central Pollution Control Board acknowledges the efforts of all air lab staffs, its Zonal Offices and State Pollution Control Boards for conducting the monitoring on Deepawali festival as per the protocol issued by Air Lab, CPCB, Delhi. It would not be possible to compile this report on noise and ambient air quality without their sincere supports. We also acknowledges the support given by Dr. R.M. Bhardwaj, Sci E (I/c PAMS Division) and Sh. A.K. Sinha, Scientist D for providing Real time Ambient Noise Monitoring network data during pre-deepawali, Deepawali and post Deepawali Page i

4 CREDENTIALS Overall guidance : Dr. A.B. Akolkar, Member Secretary Overall Supervision & Report Editing : Dr. D. Saha, Sc D Project Co-ordinator : Sh. P. Krishnamurthy, Sc. C Report preparation & Data Compilation : Sh. P. Krishnamurthy, Sc. C Sh. K.P. Rathi, SLA Laboratory Co-ordinator : Dr. R.C. Srivastava, Sc. C Real time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network data : Sh. A.K. Sinha, Sc. D Sh. Rajinder Singh, STS Meteorological Data : Sh. M.N. Mohnan, Sc. D Online AAQM Data : Sh. S.K. Sharma, Sc. C Sh. Ved Prakash, STS Sh. L.K. Kapila, STS Noise Instruments Calibration : Sh. S.B. Lohat, STS Noise Monitoring Team : Sh. Ved Prakash, STS Sh. L.K. Kapila, STS Sh. Surinder Singh, STS Sh. S.B. Lohat, STS Sh. F. Rehman, SSA Sh. Neeraj Katiyar, JSA Sh. Mohd. Faisal, JSA Team of AAQM & Analysis : Sh. M. Sateesh, SSA Sh. Navkant Juyal, SSA Sh. D. Gupta, SSA Sh. Vinod Kumar, JSA Sh. V.P. Singh, SLA Sh. G.M. Khan, SLA Sh. Surinder Prasad, SLA Sh. S.S. Rawat, JLA Sh. P.K. Gupta, JLA Sh. A.K. Sharma, JLA Sh. Krishan Kumar, FA Page ii

5 CONTENTS Title Page No. Introduction 1 Methodology 3 Real Time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network 5 State-wise Ambient Air & Noise Data Andaman & Nicobar 8 Arunachal Pradesh 9 Bihar 10 Chhatisgarh 11 Chandigarh 12 Delhi 13 Diu, Daman & Dadar Nagar Haveli 14 Gujarat 15 Himachal Pradesh 16 Karnataka 17 Kerala 18 Madhya Pradesh 19 Meghalaya 20 Mizoram 21 Punjab 22 Puducherry 23 Tamil Nadu 24 Tripura 25 Uttar Pradesh 26 Uttrakhand 27 West Bengal 28 Over all Observations 29 Over all Conclusion 29 Recommendations 30 Annexure I - VII Page iii

6 Introduction: Deepawali or Diwali is the biggest and the brightest festival among all the Hindu festivals in India. It's the festival of lights (deep = light and avali = a row i.e., a row of lights) that's marked by four days of celebration, which literally illumines the country with its brilliance, and dazzles all with its joy. Each of the four days in the festival of Deepawali is separated by a different tradition, but what remains true and constant is the celebration of life, its enjoyment and goodness. All the simple rituals of Deepawali have a significance and to tell a story. The illumination of homes with lights and the skies with firecrackers is an expression of obeisance to the heavens for the attainment of health, wealth, knowledge, peace, and prosperity. According to one belief, the sounds of fire-crackers are an indication of the joy of the people living on earth, making the gods aware of their plentiful state. Still another possible reason has a more scientific basis: the fumes produced by the crackers kill a lot of insects and mosquitoes, found in plenty after the rains. There are numerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. In every months many festival comes and fill colors in our life. Every festival takes an important part in the life of different peoples from different communities of India. Crackers hold a fascination for both young and old alike. Crackers of varied colors and sounds fill the skies heralding India s favorite festival. But these crackers spoil our environment by causing noise and air pollution and also affect our health. The smoke of fireworks consists mainly of fine toxic dusts and chemicals that easily enter the lungs and represents a real danger for those already sick as well as for the healthy. Crackers that make a noise of more than 125 decibels at four meters distance from the point of bursting are banned by the law. Adverse Effects of Bursting Crackers on Health Apart from the mild burns and accidents the children also breathe the toxic air and suffering from nasal irritation and throat congestion. The smoke also irritates the eyes causing tears and redness. Sometimes the sound makes the ears go dumb and also cause deafness. Bursting crackers may increase blood pressure and aggravate heart disease. Nausea, headache and giddiness are common effects of bursting crackers. Lung infections such as coughing, sneezing. Respiratory disorders like asthma, wheezing often get severe during Deepawali festival. The pollution hazards such as the toxic smoke causes a lot of discomfort in breathing. The poisonous gas can also affect pregnant women adversely. It may also affect the mentally ill patients leading to depression, fear and stress. The increasing ambient noise levels in public places from various sources, inter-alia, industrial activity, construction activity, fire crackers, sound producing instruments, generator sets, loud speakers, public address systems, music systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices have deleterious effects on human health and the psychological well being of the people; it is considered necessary to regulate and control noise producing and generating sources with the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise. Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (ii) of sub-section (2) of section 3, sub-section (1) and clause (b) of sub- Page 1

7 section (2) of section 6 and section 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby makes the following rules for the regulation and control of noise producing and generating sources, namely:- The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, The standards are given in Annexure I. Ambient Air Quality Standards The primary aim of the ambient air quality standards is to provide a basis for protecting public health from adverse effect of air pollution and for eliminating, or reducing to a minimum, those contaminants of air that are known or likely to be hazardous to human health and well being. Ideally, air quality standards should represent concentrations of chemical compounds in air that would not pose any health hazard to the human population. However, the realistic assessment of human health hazards necessitates a distinction between absolute safety and acceptable risk. To aim at achieving absolute safety, one would need a detailed knowledge of dose-response relationships in individuals in relation to all sources of exposure, the types of toxic effect elicited by specific pollutants or their mixtures and existing health status of human population. However, such comprehensive and conclusive data on environmental contaminants are not always available, certainly not for all types of pollutants. Very often, the relevant data are scarce and the quantitative relationship uncertain; scientific judgments and consensus, therefore, play an important role. The ambient air quality objectives / standards are pre-requisite for developing program for effective management of ambient air quality and to reduce the damaging effects of air pollution. In exercise of the power conferred by Sub section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981) CPCB has formulated the ambient air quality standards for 12 parameters, which also describes time waited average, areas (land use) and methods of measurement in November For details, refer to Gazette Notification as placed at Annexure II. Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring at CPCB Head Office and Zonal Offices In order to assess the problem of rising air and noise pollution produced by firework during Deepawali festival, Central Pollution Control Board has conducted Ambient Noise and Air Quality Monitoring on Normal Day (October 15 th, 2014) and Deepawali Day (October 23 rd, 2014) at Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata, Bangaluru, Bhopal, Shillong and Vadodara. Monitoring carried out at various places covering various zones (viz. Commercial, Residential & Silence). All SPCB s PCCs were also requested to conduct the similar monitoring at their state HQs & cities. Objectives: To determine present Air Quality status and trends during Deepawali festival; To monitor the ambient noise levels for normal and Deepawali day from Hrs to Hrs at various locations in different cities; To determine the trends and variations of noise levels at various areas of the cities in different land uses; and To create awareness about air and noise pollution through availability of scientific monitoring data. Press release was uploaded on CPCB website on next day to Deepawali for public awareness. Subsequently the impact of bursting crackers was also published in several leading news papers for public awareness. Page 2

8 Methodology: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out for minimum 24 hours as per the NAMP format Hours to Hours. The national standard is prescribed for 24 hours. The complete protocol for Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10 and gaseous pollutants (SO 2 & NO 2 ) as well methodology is given at Annexure III, IV and V. Noise measurements was carried out by using a Type 1 integrating sound level meter with free-field microphone which meets the accuracy of noise measurement as per IEC 804 (BS 6698) Grade I or ANSI Type I or equivalent IEC ( ) Class-I to see the overall impact of bursting crackers on Ambient Air Environment. Monitoring frequency/sampling Frequency: Noise Monitoring was conducted from Hrs to Hrs continuously at each location with sampling duration of 1 second. Monitoring Parameters: Measurement of Leq, L 10, L 90, L 50, L max, L min and LAI at all locations during monitoring. Complete Noise monitoring protocol and data sheet is enclosed at Annexure VI and VII. Cities where ambient air & noise monitoring carried out in various CPCB Zonal Offices are given in Map-1. Page 3

9 Normal Day Pragati Maidan Pitampura Janakpuri Pragati Maidan Pitampura Janakpuri AIIMS S Connaught Place C Mayur Vihar Ph-II R Kamla Nagar R Pitam Pura R Janakpuri R Vadodara Fatehgunj BDL MS University BDL Harinagar BDL Fatehgunj BDL MS University BDL Harinagar Fatehganj C Harinagar R MS University S Rajaji Nagar BDL BDL 231 Raja Rajeshwari Ngr. BDL BDL 48 RT Nagar BDL Rajaji Nagar Raja Rajeshwari Ngr. BDL RT Nagar BDL R.T. Nagar C Rajaji Nagar C Raja Rajeshwari Ngr. R Delhi Bhopal Bangalore Tajmahal BDL Etmad-ud-daullah BDL Tajmahal BDL Etmad-ud-daullah Kamla Nagar R Agra Lucknow Kolkatta T T Nagar Chhola Road AG Colony T T Nagar Chhola Road AG Colony AG Colony R Chhola Road R North T.T. Ng. C Indira Nagar BDL Vikas Khand BDL Indira Nagar Vikas Khand Mayur Vihar Indra Ng. R Vikas Khand Gomti Ng. R Shillong Upper Mawprem BDL BDL 63 Lower Moti Nagar BDL BDL 38 Assam Bazar BDL BDL 68 Upper Mawprem BDL BDL 135 Lower Moti Nagar BDL BDL 95 Assam Bazar BDL BDL 132 Assam Bazar C Lower Moti Nagar R Upper Mawprem C Behala BDL BDL 40 Tollygunge BDL Kasba BDL Salt lake BDL Shyambazar Behala Tollygunge Kasba >1000 Salt lake >1000 Shyambazar Salt Lake, North R Kolkata Rabindra Sadan, South Kolkata S Map 1: Ambient Air Quality & Noise Monitoring Data during Deepawali 2014 Page 4

10 Real Time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network: CPCB is having a network of real time ambient noise monitoring in seven cities namely Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad Kolkata, Lucknow, and Mumbai which are having 5 monitoring location each. The location-wise, normal day and festival day, the range of noise levels are given below: In Bangalore, the normal day noise level ranged between 50 and 67 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 55 and 69 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 69 Leq.dB(A) was reported at BTM (R) on the festival day during the day time. In Chennai, the normal day noise level ranged between 58 and 80 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 59 and 79 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 80 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Guindy (I) on the normal day during the day time. In Delhi, the normal day noise level ranged between 45 and 73 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 60 and 79 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 79 Leq.dB(A) was reported at ITO (C) on the festival day during the day time. In Hyderabad, the normal day noise level ranged between 50 and 78 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 56 and 80 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 80 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Abits (C) on the festival day during the day time. In Kolkatta, the normal day noise level ranged between 50 and 80 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 55 and 76 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 80 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Gole Park (I) on the normal day during the day time. In Lucknow, the normal day noise level ranged between 46 and 74 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 60 and 71 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 74 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Hajrat Ganj (C) on the normal day during the day time. In Mumbai, the normal day noise level ranged between 58 and 70 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 62 and 69 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 70 Leq.dB(A) was reported at MPCB, HQ (C) on the normal day during the day time. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted in Map-2. Page 5

11 Day Night Day Night ITO C NSIT S Dilshad Garden S CPCB C DCE S Day Night Day Night Talkatora I Hajrat Gunj C P.G.I S Indira Nagar R Gomti Nagar S Delhi Lucknow Day Night Day Night MPCB, HQ C Bandra C Ashp S Kolkatta Vashi Hospital S Thane C Day Night Day Night SSKM Hospital S Gole Park I Mumbai HQ C Patauli R Hyderabad New Market C Bangalore Chennai Day Night Day Night Abits C Punjagutta C Jeedimetla I ZOO S Jublee Hills R Day Night Day Night BTM R Marathali C Nisarga Bhavan R Peeniya I Parisar Bhavan C Normal Day Day Night Day Night Triplicane R Guindy I Perambur C T.Nagar C Eye Hospital S Map 2: Online Real time Ambient Noise monitoring data during Deepawali, 2014 Page 6

12 As directed by CPCB, all SPCBs & UTs are carried out ambient and noise level monitoring during Deepawali festival The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 163 locations and noise monitoring was carried out at 209 locations across the country covering 21 States are tabulated at table 1. Table 1: State-wise number of monitoring locations. S. No. Name of the State No. of Monitoring Locations Noise Monitoring AAQ Monitoring 1 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ARUNANCHA PRADESH BIHAR CHHATTISGARH CHANDIGARH DELHI DD & DNH GUJARAT HIMACHAL PRADESH KARNATAKA KERALA MADHYA PRADESH MEGHALAYA MIZORAM PUNJAB PUDUCHERRY TAMIL NADU TRIPURA UTTAR PRADESH UTTARAKHAND WEST BENGAL Total No. of Locations To comply the order of Hon ble Supreme-court of India, in the year 2001, Noise monitoring and ambient air carried out during Deepawali-2014 & compiled data collected from CPCB, SPCBs & UTs have been given in the following respective maps. Page 7

13 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR - In this UT, ambient air quality monitoring carried out only in Port Blair and noise monitoring carried out also in the same city at five locations. The normal day, PM 10 level was 32 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day was 33 μg/m 3. The normal day noise level ranged between 44 and 66 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 60 and 82 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 82 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Aberdeen Bazaar (Commercial area) and Dairy Farm (Residential area) on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. ANDAMAN & NICOBAR Port Blair Normal Day Aberdeen Bazaar C Haddo R Dairy Farm R Shadipur R G.B. Pant Hospital S Page 8

14 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 ARUNACHAL PRADESH - In this State, only ambient air quality monitoring carried out in Naharlagun and Itanagar city. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 30 and 31 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 51 and 105 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 105 μg/m 3 was reported at Itanagar on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. ARUNACHAL PRADESH Itanagar Naharlagun Normal Day Page 9

15 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 BIHAR - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out only in Patna city at one location. The normal day, PM 10 level was 278 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day was 486 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 486 μg/m 3 was reported on the festival day. The normal day noise level was 80 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day 85 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 85 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Boring Road Crossing (Commercial Area) on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. BIHAR Patna Normal Day Boring Road Crossing C Page 10

16 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 CHHATISGARH - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in six cities and noise monitoring carried out in seven cities at seventeen locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 73 and 167 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 127 and 260 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 260 μg/m 3 was reported at Raipur on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 43 and 76 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 52 and 96 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 96 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Sanjay Market Chowk(C), in Jagdalpur on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. Bajrang Bhawan C Housing Board Colony R Raghunath Dist. Hospital S C H A T T I S G A R H Durg Bhilai Raipur Bilaspur Korba Ambikapur Raigarh T.P. Nagar C Darri Jamanipali R Rampur R AMBIENT SO 2 NO 2 PM R.O., Raigarh C Vyapar Vihar C Traffic Police Thana R Normal Day Jagdalpur Sanjay Market Chowk C Housing Board Colony Dharampura R Collectorate C Shankar Nagar R Nr. AIIMS Hospital S City Kotwali C Bokharo Hostel Sec.4 R Pt. JLN Hospital & Research Centre S Page 11

17 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 CHANDIGARH - In this UT, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out at three locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 68 and 75 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 185 and 260 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 260 μg/m 3 was reported at Sector-29 on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 64 and 65 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 66 and 78 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 78 Leq.dB (A) was reported at Sector-22 on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. C H A N D I G A R H BDL BDL Sector 17 C Sector 22 Sector BDL BDL Sector 22 R Sector BDL Normal Day BDL Sector 29 S Page 12

18 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 DELHI - In this UT, ambient air quality monitoring carried out at three locations and noise monitoring carried out at six locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 115 and 152 μg/m 3, while same on the Pre - Deepawali day PM 10 level ranged between 304 and 348 μg/m 3 and festival day ranged between 442 and 756 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 756 μg/m 3 was reported at Pitampura on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 59 and 73 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 71 and 83 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 83 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Mayur Vihar-Phase-II (R) on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. D E L H I Kamla Nagar R Pitam Pura Kamla Nagar Mayur Vihar Ph-II R Janak Puri Mayur Vihar Ph-II Pragati Maidan Connaught Place Cannaught Place C AIIMS Normal Day Pre-deepawali Day Janak Puri R sssnormal AMBIENT DayNormal SO Day 2 NO 2 PM Pitam Pura R AIIMS S Page 13

19 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 DIU, DAMAN & DADAR NAGAR HAVELI - In this UT, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out in Nani Daman and Silvasa city. The normal day, PM 10 has not monitored, on festival day ranged between 133 and 146 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 146 μg/m 3 was reported at Silvassa on the festival day. The normal day, noise level has not monitored, while same on the festival day ranged between 69 and 80 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 80 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Dilip Nagar, Teen Patti (R), in Nani Daman on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. DD & DNH Nani Daman Silvassa Normal Day Main Market C - 72 Dilip Nagar, Teen Patti R - 80 Modi Daman Hospital S M.R. Complex C - 77 Promok Vihar R - 79 Vardhman Hospital S - 73 Page 14

20 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 GUJARAT - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out in three cities The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 83 and 120 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 92 and 276 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 276 μg/m 3 was reported at Vadodara on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 56 and 78 Leq.dB (A), while same on the festival day ranged between 73 and 90 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 90 Leq.dB(A) was reported at ONGC Colony, Ankleshwar on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. GUJARAT BDL Fatehganj C Harinagar R MS University S Vadodara Ankleshwar, Bharuch Rajpipla, Narmada Dolat Bazar C Station Road, Safed Tower C Normal Day ONGC, Colony R Manav Mandir R Page 15

21 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 HIMACHAL PRADESH - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in eleven cities and noise monitoring carried out in ten cities at thirteen locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 19 and 138 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 45 and 162 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 162 μg/m 3 was reported at Paonta Sahib on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 44 and 61 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 55 and 72 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 72 Leq.dB(A) was reported at MC Bilaspur (C) in Bilaspur on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted Mohalla Mugla R BDL BDL BDL 78 MC Dharamshala C Rotary Chowk C M.C. Bilaspur C DIC I BDL BDL Sector 14 R HIMACHAL PRADESH R.O.Chamba Jassur Dharamshala Una Normal Day Bilaspur Manali Kullu Sunder Ng. Shimla Baddi mla Parwanoo Rampur Kala Amb Paonta Sahib BDL BDL BDL BDL Dhalpur Dussehra C BDL BDL Rampur Bushar C Recongpeo C BDL BDL Ridge C BDL PCB Office R Page 16

22 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 KARNATAKA - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out in Bangalore city at three locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 48 and 231 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 81 and 213 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 231 μg/m 3 was reported at Rajaji Nagar on the normal day. The normal day noise level ranged between 50 and 67 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 69 and 88 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 88 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Rajaji Nagar(C) on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. KARNATAKA R.T. Nagar, Bangalore BDL BDL R.T. Nagar C Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore BDL BDL Rajaji Nagar C Raja Rajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore Normal Day BDL BDL BDL Rajaji Rajeshwari Nagar R Page 17

23 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 KERALA - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in four cities and noise monitoring carried out in four cities at ten locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 22 and 48 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 22 and 80 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 80 μg/m 3 was reported at Thiruvananthapuram on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 57 and 69 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 57 and 85 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 85 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Vattiyurkavu (Residential Area) in Thiruvananthapuram on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. K E R A L A BDL BDL BDL 9 42 Mattanchery R Ernakulam BDL BDL Stadium C Bus Stand C KSPCB Office R Pathanamthitta Kollam BDL BDL Chamakkada C Chavara R Sankar Nagar R Normal Day Thiruvananthapuram Veli C Vattiyurkavu R Cosmopolitan Hospital S Page 18

24 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 MADHYA PRADESH - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in four cities and noise monitoring carried out in five cities at 13 locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 71 and 128 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 93 and 298 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 298 μg/m 3 was reported at Bhopal on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 41 and 78 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 44 and 105 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 105 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Main Market(C), Guna on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. MADHYA PRADESH Guna Main Market C Dubey Colony R Ashirward Hospital S Jiwaji Nagar C Grasim Staff Colony R Jansewa Hospital, Birlgram S Kajipura R Nagda Town Ujjain Dewas Normal Day Bhopal AG Colony R Chhola Road R North T.T. Nagar C M/s Gajra Gear Pvt. C Ltd. MIG flat,vikas Nagar R Khare Nursing Home S Page 19

25 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 MEGHALAYA - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out in Shillong city at three locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 38 and 68 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 95 and 135 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 135 μg/m 3 was reported at Upper-Mawprem on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 50 and 66 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 71 and 86 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 86 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Upper-Mawprem (Commercial Area) on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted Upper Mawprem, Shillong MEGHALAYA BDL BDL BDL BDL 135 Upper Mawprem C BDL BDL BDL BDL 95 Lower Moti Nagar R Lower Moti Nagar, Shillong Assam Bazar, Shillong BDL BDL BDL BDL 132 Assam Bazar C Normal Day Page 20

26 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 MIZORAM - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring and noise monitoring carried out in four cities and noise monitoring carried out in only one city. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 31 and 47 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 33 and 50 μg/m 3, the maximum PM 10 value of 50 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Champhai, on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 47 and 55 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 48 and 58 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 58 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Lapuitlang (R) in Aizawl on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. MIZORAM BDL BDL BDL BDL 33 Kolasib Aizawl Champhai BDL BDL 9 41 Khatla C Dawrpui C Bawngkawn C Lapuitlang R Lunglei BDL BDL BDL BDL 50 Normal Day BDL BDL BDL BDL 49 Page 21

27 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 PUNJAB - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in five cities and noise monitoring carried out in thirty-three locations at eleven cities. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 102 and 235 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 176 and 408 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 408 μg/m 3 was reported in Ludhiana on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 34 and 79 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 53 and 87 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 87 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Vishvakarma Chowk, Sheela Hospital in Ludhiana, and Market Phase-VII, Mohali on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted Lawrence Road C Ranjit Avenue R ESI Hospital S Jyoti Chowk C Urban Est. Ph-1 R Civil Hospital S Vishvakarma C Chowk Milk Plant R Sheela Hospital S Near Clock Tower C Harinder Ngr. R Civil Hospital S Gole Diggi C Model Town R Civil Hospital S PUNJAB Amritsar Faridkot Gurdas Pur Bhatinda Jalandhar Normal Day Hoshiarpur Ludhiana Mohali Mandi Gobindgarh Patiala Sangrur Bus Stand C Mahal Mubarak R Civil Hospital S Outside Bus C Stand Market Canal Colony R Jail Road BSF Cantt S Near Central Town C Near Model Town R Near Session Court S Market Phase-VII C Phase VII R Fortis Hospital S Goal Market C Model Town R Near Civil Hospital S Dharampura Bazar C Friends Colony R Rajindra Hospital S Page 22

28 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 PUDUCHERRY - In this UT, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in two locations and noise monitoring carried out in only one location. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 21 and 28 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 69 and 116 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 116 μg/m 3 was reported at Anna Nagar on the festival day. The normal day noise level was 68 and festival day was 82 Leq.dB(A). A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. PUDUCHERRY Anna Nagar Muthiapet Muthiapet R BDL Karaikal Normal Day Page 23

29 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 TAMIL NADU - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in eleven cities and noise monitoring carried out at 28 locations in eleven cities. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 30 and 72 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 45 and 193 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 193 μg/m 3 was reported at Chennai on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 51 and 82 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 65 and 90 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 90 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Pettai (S) in Tirunelveli on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted Devaki Nursing Home C Transi House R ESI Hospital S Kumaran Complex C Rayapuram R BDL Saibaba Kovil Signal C Ponniarajapuram R Municipality Building C NS Nagar R Dist. Court S Samathanapuram C Tirunelveli Town R Pettai S Main Road, R Gandhi Nagar Sainathapuram R TAMIL NADU Hosur Trippur Coimbatore Salem Dindigul Tirunelveli Normal Day Madurai Chennai Vellore Trichy Cuddalore T. Nagar C Sowcarpet C Triplicane R Basant Nagar R Nungambakkam R Shiva Tower,Meyyanur C Sri Saradha Balamandir School R Imperial Road C Sekar Nagar R Thillai Nagar R Madurai C Corporation South Thirunagar R Alagar Nagar S Day Page 24

30 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 TRIPURA - In this State, noise monitoring carried out in four cities at 27 locations. The normal day noise level ranged between 45 and 72 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 54 and 77 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 77 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Tripureshwari Temple (S) in Udaipur on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. T R I P U R A Railway Station C Dharma Ngr. Circuit R House SDM & Judges R D.N. Vidyamandir S Dharmanager Hospital S Dharmanagar Dalubari Gate C Ambassa bazar C Bhalwalia Basti R Kulai District Hosptal S Kulai Class XII school S Agartala Ambassa Ashram Chowmuhani C Astabal C Battala C Durga Chowmuhani C Netaji Chowmuhani C AD Nagar R Capital Complex R Circuit House R Indranagar R GB Hospital S IGM Hospital S MBB College S Udaipur Normal Day Brahmabari C Bridge Chowmuhani R west bank Amar Sagar R Hospital S Tripureshwari Temple S Page 25

31 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 UTTAR PRADESH - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in nine cities and noise monitoring carried out at 15 locations in the same cities. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 64 and 165 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 95 and 465 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 465 μg/m 3 was reported at Agra on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 51 and 74 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 56 and 93 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 93 Leq.dB(A) was reported at CSIR Colony, Aliganj (R) in Lucknow on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted Sector 5 R UTTAR PRADESH Kamla Nagar R Subhash Nagar R Syam Ganj C Dist. Hospital S Gautam Budh Nagar Bareli Mayur Vihar Indra Ng. R Vikas Khand, Gomti Ng. R CSIR Colony Aliganj R Agra Lucknow Rai Breli Gorakhpur Avas Vikas Colony R Jhansi Normal Day Shivaji Nagar R Allahabad Sonbhadra Roberts Ganj R Indira Nagar Colony R BDL Katra Crossing C Ashok Nagar R Nr. Hon'ble High Court S Page 26

32 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 UTTRAKHAND - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out in four cities and noise monitoring carried out in four cities at 22 locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 75 and 138 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 136 and 286 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of 286 μg/m 3 was reported at Dehradun on the festival day. The normal day noise level ranged between 49 and 75 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 56 and 95 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 95 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Civil Line (C) in Roorkee on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. Dehradun Roorkee UTTARAKHAND Prince Chowk C CMI Chowk C Vidhanshaba C Krishan Nagar C Clock Tower C Saharanpur Chowk C ISBT C Nehru Colony R Race Course R Vasant Vihar R FRI S Doon Hospital S Gandhi Park S Haldwani Udham Singh Nagar Civil Line C - 95 IRI Colony R - 86 St. Joseph's Hospital S - 94 Normal Day Chowk Bazar C Awash Vikash Colony R Beer Shiva S Maharana Pratap Chowk C Kashipur R Govt. Hospital, Kashipur S Page 27

33 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Report during Deepawali Festival 2014 WEST BENGAL - In this State, ambient air quality monitoring carried out at five locations and noise monitoring carried out at two locations. The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 29 and 126 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 760 and >1000 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of >1000 μg/m 3 was reported at Salt Lake at North Kolkata and Kasba at South Kolkata on the festival day. The normal day noise level 61 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 64 and 71 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 71 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Salt Lake (R) at North Kolkata on the festival day. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted. WEST BENGAL Shyam Bazar Salt Lake BDL > 1000 Salt Lake, North Kolkata R Rabindra Sadan Kasba Rabindra Sadan, South Kolkata S BDL > 1000 Behala Tollygunge BDL Normal Day BDL Page 28

34 Over all Observations Ambient air quality monitoring The normal day, PM 10 level ranged between 19 and 278 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 22 and > 1000 μg/m 3. The maximum PM 10 value of > 1000 μg/m 3 was reported at Salt Lake, North Kolkatta & Kasba, South Kolkatta on the festival day. The normal day, SO 2 level ranged between 04 and 29 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 04 and 60 μg/m 3. The maximum SO 2 value of 60 μg/m 3 was reported at Kasba, West Bengal on the festival day. The normal day, NO 2 level ranged between 11 and 85 μg/m 3, while same on the festival day ranged between 09 and 82 μg/m 3. The maximum NO 2 value of 85 μg/m 3 was reported at Pragati Maidan, Delhi on the Normal day. Manual noise monitoring The normal day noise level ranged between 34 and 82 Leq.dB(A), while same on the festival day ranged between 44 and 105 Leq.dB(A). The maximum noise level value of 105 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Main Market(C), Guna, in Madhya Pradesh on the festival day. Real time noise monitoring From the maps it is noted that the monitoring conducted in Day time and Night time during the normal day, to compare the results with ambient standards. The normal day noise level ranged between 50 and 80 Leq.dB(A) during day time, similarly 45 and 76 Leq.dB(A) during night time while same on the festival day ranged between 58 and 80 Leq.dB(A) during day time, similarly 55 and 76 Leq.dB(A) during night time. The maximum noise level value of 80 Leq.dB(A) was reported in Chennai at Guindy (I) and in Kolkata at Gole Park (I) on the normal day and the same value has been observed during the festival day (day time) at Abits (C), Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. Over all Conclusion The noise level was almost more during deepawali day when compared with normal day in all the cities of India due to bursting of crackers. The maximum noise level value of 105 Leq.dB(A) was reported at Main Market(C), Guna, in Madhya Pradesh on the festival day by the manual sampling. In the realtime noise level monitoring, the maximum noise level was observed during Deepawali, day time was 80 dba(leq) at Abits (C), Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. The concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 increased slightly during Deepawali day when compared to Pre-Deepawali day due to burning of crackers. However, SO 2 is well within the limit in all the locations.the maximum NO 2 value of 85 μg/m 3 was reported at Pragati Maidan, Delhi on the Normal day and 82 μg/m 3 was reported on the festival day. 29

35 The concentration of PM 10 was almost high in all the cities of India during Deepavali when compared to normal day. The concentration increased several times higher than normal day in some of the state like Delhi, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha etc. which may be attributed to burning of crackers and meterological conditions. Recommendations: 1. The Noise standards for fire-crackers were notified by MoEF under the Environment (Protection) (Second Amendment) Rules, 1999 vide G.S.R.682(E), dated the 5th October, 1999 and inserted as serial no. 89 of Schedule I of the Environment (Protection) Rules, Subsequently these Rules were amended by the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2006 vide G.S.R. 640(E), dated the 16 th October, 2006, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 guidelines should be followed by the manufacturer and the Department of Explosives to implement the following standards (i) (ii) The manufacture, sale or use of fire-crackers generating noise level exceeding 125 db(ai) or 145 db(c)pk at 4 meters distance from the point of bursting should be prohibited. For individual fire-cracker constituting the series (joined fire-crackers), the above mentioned limit be reduced by 5 log10(n) db, where N = number of crackers joined together. 2. The State Government shall take measures for abatement of air pollution including noise emanating from various zones during Deepawali festival and ensure that the existing level do not exceed the Ambient Air Quality Standards and. 3. All concerned agencies like Electronic, print media, Central & State Governments,Central & State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees,Educational institutions & NGOs should create awareness among students & public at large to avoid bursting of fire-crackers to reduce air pollution & noise during festival of Deepawali. 4. The order of the Hon ble Supreme Court of India, dated September 27, 2001, prohibiting the use of fireworks between p.m. and a.m. should be strictly enforced. 5. Enforcement of legal action on un-authorised manufacturing, processing and selling of fireworks should be strictly ensured. 6. Designed places for burning of fire-crackers/fireworks may be identified by the local authority, so that fire-crackers could be played at community level and not at individual houses. 7. Recognition for fire-crackers noise under criteria of cruelty to animals should be incorporated under relevant acts and rules. 30

36 Annexure-I The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 SCHEDULE (see rule 3(1) and 4(1)) Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Area Code Category of Area / Zone Limits in db(a) Leq* Day Time Night Time A Industrial area B Commercial area C Residential area D Silence Zone Note: (a) (b) (c) (d) Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to p.m. Night time shall mean from p.m. to 6.00 a.m. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority. * db(a) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. A decibel is a unit in which noise is measured. A, in db (A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear. Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period Page 31

37 Annexure-II CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD NATIONAL AMBIENT QUALITY STANDARDS New Delhi the 18 th November 2009 In exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981), and in supersession of the notification No(s). S.O.384(E), dated 11 th April 1994 and S.O.935(E), dated 14 th October 1998, the Central Pollution Control Board hereby notify the National Ambient Air Quality Standards with immediate effect. Pollutant Time Weighted Average Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ), Annual * µg/m 3 24 Hours ** Nitrogen dioxide Annual * (NO 2 ), µg/m 3 24 Hours ** Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10, µg/m 3 Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5µm) or PM 2.5, µg/m 3 Annual * 24 Hours ** Annual * 24 Hours ** Ozone (O 3 ), µg/m 3 8 Hours * 1 Hour ** Lead (Pb), µg/m 3 Annual * 24 Hours ** Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial, Ecologically Residential, Sensitive Rural and Area other Areas (Notified by Central Government) Methods of Measurement - Improved West and Gaeke Method - Ultraviolet Fluorescence - Jacob & Hochheiser modified (NaOH-NaAsO 2 ) Method - Gas Phase Chemiluminescence - Gravimetric - TEOM - Beta attenuation - Gravimetric - EOM - Beta attenuation - UV Photometric - Chemiluminescence - Chemical Method - AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using Teflon filter Page 32