In-service PMD monitoring and compensation
|
|
- Britton Carpenter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 1 In-service PMD monitoring and compensation Reinhold Noé, David Sandel University of Paderborn Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Optical Communication and High-Frequency Engineering D-3395 Paderborn Acknowledgements: V. Mirvoda, S. Bhandare, S. Hinz, S. Chotchidjoum, A. Fauzi, F. Wüst, H. Zhang, H. Herrmann, H. Suche, W. Sohler, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Infineon Technologies, Siemens ICN Most of this material can also be found in R. Noé et al., PMD in High-Bit-Rate Transmission and Means for Its Mitigation, IEEE JSTQE 1(24)2, pp , and its references.
2 Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 2 Overview Introduction Electrical PMD compensation PMD detection 1st-order PMD detection Higher-order PMD detection Polarization scrambling Optical PMD compensation Polarization division multiplex Limits due to fiber nonlinearity Coherent optical systems Higher-order PMD description Conclusions
3 Introduction Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 3 Input field for unchirped, small-signal ( a << 1) intensity modulation: E in ( jω t j ( ) ( ) t j ( ) ( ) t ) e ω + ω ω ω + a 4 e + a 4 e e in = Output field after transfer through medium with transfer function/matrix J : Definition of intensity (normalized optical power, photocurrent): I = E Optical distortions can only partly be recovered in the electrical domain! Intensity transfer through medium: I E in out = Small-signal intensity modulation transfer function of a linear lossless optical medium ( jω t j ( ) ( ) ( ) t j ( ) ( ) ( ) t ( )) e ω + ω ω ω J ω + a 4 e J ω + ω + a 4 e J ω ω e in = 1+ a cosωt = 1+ a Re H m ( jωt ) e E/O Ein optical medium Eout I out O/E = 1+ a Re ( ω ) = ( 1 2) J ( ω ) J( ω + ω ) + J ( ω ω ) J( ω ) e ( ) in in 2 ( jωt ( ) ) H ω e e m
4 Introduction Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 4 What is polarization mode dispersion (PMD)? Unitary Jones matrix: J ( ω + ω ) = u + u 1 * * 1 2 = u 2 u1 u u PMD vector Ω : = Ω τ = n A 2 Re Im B B A B = j( u = j( u * ' 1u1 * ' 2u1 + u u 2 * 1 u * ' 2 ' 2) u ) Principal state-of-polarization (PSP) Differential group delay (DGD) Modulation transfer function for ω : H m ± jωτ 2 ( ω) ~ cosωτ 2 + jω S sin ωτ 2 H m ( ω ) ~ e T n in PMD effect scales with bit rate. 1st derivative of output polarization with respect to optical frequency vanishes for PSPs (Poole/Wagner, 1986)! S in = ± Ω n
5 Introduction Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 5 Pure 1st-order PMD Eye diagrams (DGD = 3T/8): laser Fiber is birefringent due to unwanted core ellipticity! DGD Fast PSP laser Eye closure τ 2 difficult to detect for small τ Both PSPs excited with equal powers = worst case
6 Electrical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 6 Electrical PMD compensation by quantized feedback eye diagram subdiagrams with preceding = or = optimum decision point Due to negative binomial or χ 2 noise from optical amplifiers, system penalty is larger than subdiagram opening penalty.
7 Electrical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 7 Calculated sensitivity penalty vs. normalized DGD 12 1 Penalty [db] 8 without QF with QF Degreesof-freedom: τ T 1 Calculation fundamentals: R. Noé, Electrical Engineering 83(11), pp. 15-2
8 Electrical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 8 However Experiments have shown smaller penalties. Reasons: Noise is not purely negative binomial or χ 2. Finite extinction and unavoidable patterning penalties generally mask the first ~1...2dB of PMD penalty. More elaborate equalizers may improve matters. Electrical equalizer can help also against other distortions. Much cheaper than optical PMD compensators. Electrical PMD compensation is an attractive compromise for any bit rate where it can be implemented!
9 Experiment performed with Siemens ICN Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 9 PMD penalty detection by spectral analysis PRBS 1 Gb/s transmitter 4 Gb/s attenuator PT PMF PT 2ps PMD simulator PMF 1ps Univ. Paderborn / Siemens, 1998 PMF 1ps automatic PT PMF 1ps automatic PT PMF 1ps automatic PT PMD compensator receiver 4 Gb/s BER 1 Gb/s GHz 1 GHz controller (PC) 5 GHz Simple realization: Bandpass (or highpass) filter, followed by square-law power detector Essentially, the opening is being maximized. Example: Filter bandwidth = 4 GHz, initial filter output SNR = db, integration over 1 μs yields final SNR = 46 db. Is this sufficent?
10 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 1 Performance of spectral analysis PMD penalty detectors (Measured at 1Gb/s, but could be scaled to any bit rate.) 1 BPF.125/T BPF.25/T BPF.5/T HPF DGD / T 3. 5 GHz bandpass filter or GHz highpass filter detects PMD most sensitively. Unambiguous readout until 4 ps of 1st-order DGD by 2.5 and 1.25 GHz filters Switching between, and linear combination of different signals
11 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 11 PMD detection for DPSK signals using an electrical highpass filter 1.8 Highpass output.6 power (a.u.).4.2 CSRZ-DPSK NRZ-DPSK.5 1 DGD/T For small DGDs, highpass output power drops with the square of the DGD. Small DGDs are difficult to detect. Ambiguous readout
12 1st-order PMD detection Polarization modulation causes arrival time variations in the presence of PMD Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 12 4Gbit/s eye diagrams (triggered from TX) TX fiber with PMD ps TX TX scrambler One polarization scrambler may be shared by many wavelength channels. arrival time variation Δtˆ () t 2ps 5.5ps 19ps
13 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 13 PMD detection in 4Gbit/s transmission system Clock recovery PLL in receiver tracks arrival time variations. Arrival time clock phase integral of VCO input signal TX 4Gbit/s Differential group delay (DGD) arrival time variations Bit rate scalablity If you can demultiplex the signal using a clock PLL, then arrival time detection is also possible. PLL may even include OTDM demultiplexer at high data rates. polarization scrambler a.u. 1-1 fiber PMD 77fs of DGD rms VCO decision circuitry Δtˆ ( t) μs PI data out
14 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 14 4Gbit/s PMD compensation with arrival time detection 33km DSF DFB laser 13km SSMF MOD 4Gbit/s DCF PMD compensator 63km SSMF polarization scrambler 51km DSF M 5km DSF motorized endless polarization transformer Vertical broadening of ones is due to slow PDL. M controller VCO PI PT DGD 6ps PT DGD 6ps decision circuitry data out LiNbO 3 polarization transformers
15 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 15 Prescaled clock spectra in the presence of a 19 ps DGD dbm ~3 db without PMD compensation MHz 9955 with 1 ps ps PMD compensator 1 min persistence, rotating emulator
16 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 16 Root mean square arrival time variation vs. differential group delay for tennis ball polarization scrambler 1 Δtˆrms best case 1 worst case Δtˆrms (ps) + σ < Δtˆ rms(sensitivity) σ.88 ps or 1.35 ps sensitivity DGD [ps] 2.4 μs measurement interval (417kHz scrambling frequency)
17 Chromatic dispersion detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 17 Chromatic dispersion detection at 4Gbit/s using synchronous arrival time detection DFB laser 5MHz FM & AM modulation NRZ / CS-RZ 4Gbit/s data in FM: 224MHz(rms) AM: 1.2%(rms) CD fiber with CD ref. phase trimmer decision circuitry VCO PI arrival time data out Small pump current modulation of TX laser at 5MHz If there is chromatic dispersion (CD), FM modulates arrival time, detectable in RX at VCO input. CD [a.u.] 4-4 NR Z CS- RZ Operable over more than one eye closure 1 attoseconds or 5 fs/nm accuracy 2 ps/nm longterm drift Parasitic AM provides reference for synchronous (lock-in) detection of arrival time modulation ps/nm
18 1st-order PMD detection 3-Dimensional DOP-Evaluation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 18 courtesy Rosenfeldt et al., ECOC 21
19 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 19 Polarimetric PMD detection Scalable to any bit rate! DOP measurement introduced by N. Kikuchi, S. Sasaki, ECOC Improvement by scrambler and by making use of the measured polarization states (H. Rosenfeldt et al., OFC21). Allows for direct control of PMD compensator (but only if polarization transformations between polarimeter and PMD compensator are known and stable!) Higher-order PMD detection is likewise possible. Drawbacks: Cost, ambiguity (for RZ) Possible remedies: Grating-based spectral polarimeters (P. Westbrook et al., OFC22, WK5) Extra optical filters
20 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 2 Minimum DOP vs. DGD for different pulse shapes 1 min. DOP pulse shape time, DGD time, DGD time, DGD Readout is proportional to DGD, but only if pulses edges are shorter than DGD!
21 1st-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 21 How to detect 1st-order PMD Measurement of eye opening power spectral density (or autocorrelation funct.) arrival time detection polarimetric methods Polarization scrambler needed Extra optics in each WDM channel no no yes no** no no no no** Extra RF electronics yes yes no no n Readout is DGD, n = * Speed slow fast fast fast** * as long as pulse rise and fall times are shorter than DGD ** in principle Arrival time detection is easily realized with commercially available technology.
22 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 22 Slope steepness difference indicates higher-order PMD Assuming perfect arrival time detection, resulting DGD profile of fiber and PMD compensator will most likely form a loop. As a function of optical frequency, sections with given constant DGDs twist, thereby sliding loop endpoint on a parabola P. Projection PQM of quadratic motion QM (parabola ordinate) along input polarization causes eye diagram shear. Slope steepness difference variations always exists due to scrambling..2 Ω3 / Τ.2 Ω2 / Τ -.2 LM QM P Ω1 / Τ PQM.2 photodiode d/dt maximum > + + minimum < slope steepness difference
23 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 23 Effects of DGD loop on 4Gbit/s eye diagram Back-to-back Input polarization parallel to linear motion of DGD profile endpoint. Curvature difference (like for chromatic dispersion) always exists. Measurement: maximum > photodiode d/dt d/dt + + minimum < curvature difference Input polarization parallel to quadratic motion of DGD profile endpoint.
24 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 24 4Gbit/s transmission experiment with PMD compensation TX 4Gbit/s tennis ball scrambler SMF d/dt Mechanical Electrooptic PMD PMD emulator compensator M1 M2 + + E1 E2 controller slope steepness difference clock and data recovery VCO arrival time PI data out
25 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 25 Results 1 slope steepness difference [a.u.] 1 1 back-toback, no PDL back-to-back, with PDL with maximized area proportional readout with minimized area DGD sections Loop area +++ps, no PDL ps 2 +++ps, with PDL ps ps 8.8 ps ps 25 ps ps 39 ps ps 261 ps Maximized DGD profile loop area [ps 2 ] Measurement interval 2.4 μs
26 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 26 Typical eye patterns for various polarizations at the input of a DGD profile loop, with stopped polarization scrambler back-to-back ps 1 1
27 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 27 Detectability of square-shaped DGD loop vs. section length /32 slope steepness difference eye closure 1/16 curvature difference 1/8 DGD per section / T input polarization parallel to QM LM 1/4 Slope steepness difference is most sensitive for small DGDs. Readout is proportional to DGD loop area. Polarization scrambling is required but this may have been implemented for 1storder PMD detection anyway.
28 Higher-order PMD detection Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 28 Measurement of How to detect DGD loop for any input polarization n eye opening highpass output power Detects PMD of order 1, 2, 3 1, 2, and, with wrong sign, 3 Readout is DGD, n = 3 ambiguous readout (see above) curvature difference slope steepness difference 2, Hardware effort highest low higher low Speed slow fast fast fast Patterning strong weak Polarization scrambler needed? Influence of fiber chromatic dispersion (CD) no polarization-dependent addition of 2nd-order PMD and fiber CD yes decreases readout Slope steepness difference (+ highpass output power) measurement is attractive.
29 Polarization scrambling Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 29 Electrooptic tennis ball polarization scrambler: Measured output Stokes parameter trajectories and spectra S 2 DFB laser input polarization setting rms ampl..4 S1 S2 S3 Only 3 harmonics! polarimeter scrambler (1 waveplate).2 S1 S2 S 1 S 3 S n S 1 S 2 Circular input polarization S = ( ) 2 cosωt ( 1 1 3) ( sinωt + ( 1 1 3) 2 3 cos 2ωt 2 cos3ωt 2 sin 3ωt Eigenvalues of Stokes vector covariance matrix: 1/3 ±.55
30 Polarization scrambling Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 3 Eigenvalues of normalized Stokes vector covariance matrix for tennis ball polarization scrambler.4.3 Convergence speed of optical PMD compensation with arrival time detection depends on eigenvalues. Variations are permissible as long as minimum convergence speed (for most infavorable polarization setting) is sufficiently fast λ [nm] at least 4THz usable bandwidth
31 Polarization scrambling Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 31 Covariance matrix eigenvalues of polarization-independent independent 2-waveplate 2 polarization scrambler DFB laser scan of input polarization scrambler 8 polarimeter occurrences 4 histogram for 51 equispaced input polarizations smallest eigenvalue largest eigenvalue Higher harmonic content than tennis ball scrambler!
32 Polarization scrambling Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 32 Covariance matrix eigenvalues of polarization-independent independent 2-waveplate 2 polarization scrambler.4 largest eigenvalue Values taken for scan over 51 equidistributed input polarizations.3 smallest eigenvalue λ [nm] ~4THz usable bandwidth
33 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 33 Measured differential group delay profiles and ideal PMD compensation ~ PMD vector of two cascaded DGD sections: Ω = Ω + R Can be generalized by induction. DGD profile: concatenated local backtransformed PMD vectors Ω 2 22ps + 6ps ϕ 1 Same as for a fiber plus a perfect PMD compensator, which returns on fiber DGD profile until origin! Ω 1 origin overall PMD vector 2ps end point 1 back-to-back end point Ω 2 Inverse scattering theory proposed by L. Möller -1 Ω 1 [ps] origin Ω 2 [ps]
34 Polarization fundamentals and polarization control Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 34 Electrooptic waveplate, usable for endless polarization control Noé et al., 1987/1988 SiO 2 Au V 1 V 1 V 2 Y, TE Z Plane of normalized voltages: -1 V 2 /V 2,π 1 1 V 1 /V 1,π LiNbO 3 7 μm X-cut, Z-propagation LiNbO 3 V 1 alone: horizontal/vertical birefringence V 2 alone: 45 / 45 linear birefringence Both effects combined: Ti:LiNbO3 X, TM Waveplate with adjustable retardation and orientation Eigenmodes in S 1 -S 2 plane Uninterrupted, endless transformation of circular polarization into any state or vice versa. For circular input polarization the output polarization is obtained by an azimuthal equidistant projection onto Poincaré sphere: S 3 S 2-1 S 1
35 Polarization fundamentals and polarization control Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 35 In-phase and quadrature, periodic mode conversion in birefringent waveguide for endless polarization control: Soleil-Babinet analog (SBA) Differential group delay ~.26 ps/mm Spatially periodic, X-directed (vertical) electric field perturbs local eigenmodes. Example: Horizontal input polarization x E y Mode conversion: in phase quadrature Output signal: * 2 Re( ) * 2 = E x Ey S3 = 2 Im E x Ey Eigenmodes of a spatial period Λ: circular ±45 linear S ( ) [ 1 ] T E = 1, =, S = Eigenmodes of nλ long section can be anywhere on S 2 -S 3 great circle V 1 V 2 S 3 X, TM LiNbO 3 Z, TE Y 3Λ/4 Λ Λ/4 Λ = TE-TM beat length, ~21μm at 155nm wavelength S 2 S 1
36 Optical PMD compensation Fabricated by Prof. Sohler, Univ. Paderborn Distributed PMD compensator in X-cut, Y-propagation LiNbO 3 Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 36 in-phase ground ground quadrature Λ = 21μm Optical bandwidth 3 THz Thermal tuning 1 GHz/K Voltages <8V 73 electrode pairs ( 1.25 mm) on 93 mm long substrate Combined differential group delay of 2 units: 43 ps
37 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 37 Speed problem of equalizers with more than one variable DGD section Scenario: additional DGD of 52 ps to be inserted in equalizer 1st possibility: DGD change ps = 1, λ. At least one subsequent joint (polarization transformer) must rotate 1, times with steps/turn. Speed problem! No PMD compensation with more than 1 section is possible with variable DGD sections! 2nd possibility: two fixed 26 ps DGD sections unfold ~1, times faster ps ps ps ps 1, turns DGD section joints 1, turns (ERRORS!)... unless joint(s) turn 1, times
38 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 38 Measured differential group delay profiles of distributed PMD compensator -3 1 origin Ω 1 [ps] 2ps 7 Ω 3 [ps] end point Ω 3 [ps] 4 origin end point 4 Ω 2 [ps] -4 Ω 1 [ps] 14-6 Ω 2 [ps]
39 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 39 Advantages of LiNbO 3 over other polarization transformers Speed Availability of 2 kinds of birefringence (in-phase and quadrature mode conversion, or phase shift and mode conversion) Advantages of distributed X-cut, Y-propagation PMD compensator over X-cut, Z-propagation LiNbO 3 polarization transformers Low-loss integration of DGD sections and polarization transformers on one chip. Multi-section PMD compensators must have fixed DGD sections anyway (Noé et al., JLT 1999). DGD of ~26ps/1mm is perfect at 4...8Gbit/s! First and higher-order PMD compensation on one chip! Higher electrooptic coefficient Polarization transformers are optimally oriented with respect to DGD sections! (Endless polarization transformation from any polarization to linear in only one X-cut, Z-propagation LiNbO 3 waveplate is practically impossible.) No, or at least a substantially reduced DC drift!
40 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 4 Polarization control results Continuous, endless polarization tracking on the 3 most critical great circles of the Poincaré sphere crossing the TE/TM poles. All other cases are better behaved. Corresponding misalignment angle distribution, number of hits vs. angle in rad. Tracking speed:.12 rad/iteration
41 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 41 Practical problem Long term (days to months) DC drift is a big problem in X-cut, Z-prop. LiNbO 3 polarization transformers due to the static field required to tune out residual waveguide birefringence. Although there is no static field in X-cut, Y-prop. LiNbO 3 a susceptibility to DC drift can not be ruled out. Drive device with zero-mean signals to reduce/avoid DC drift!
42 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 42 DGD profile of a PMDC subject to DC drift, and 3 DGD profile Characterization and calibration results instantiations of a PMDC protected against DC drift Full mode conversion SBA with rotating orientation added at PMDC input. DGD profile is twisted. DC drift is avoided. ψ ψ 2 DGD profile origin DGD profile endpoint ψ ψ ψ Static case, subject to DC drift.
43 Experiment performed with Siemens ICN TX 2 Gbit/s photodiode motorized endless polarization transformers M DGD 1ps M PMD compensator, 43ps DGD 2ps control Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 43 2Gbit/s PMD compensation with distributed PMD compensator on log(ber) off on off clock & data recovery ( ) 2 ( ) 2 data out controller.5.5 1GHz GHz time [min] back-to-back compensator alone 3 ps compensated 3 ps, compensator off
44 Experiment performed with Siemens ICN 4 Gbit/s eye diagrams with LiNbO 3 distributed PMD compensator Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 44 back-to-back equalizer not working equalizer working
45 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 45 4 Gbit/s CSRZ-DPSK transmission setup with distributed PMD compensation DFB 33km DSF DPSK 4Gbit/s DGD CSRZ 2GHz 1km SSMF scrambler 417 khz DGD LiNbO 3 PMDC AWG DEMUX MZI lock-in controller arrival time integrator clock signal clock and data recovery VCO PI data out clock phase error signal
46 Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 46 Arrival time detection of PMD for 4 Gbit/s CSRZ-DPSK 1 rms arrival time signal [a.u.] 1 highest readout lowest readout 1 ±σ sensitivity: 1.2ps DGD [ps] Measurement interval: 2.4 μs Sensitivity: ~1.2 ps
47 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 47 Spectra at integrator output with PMD compensator stopped or running power [dbm] -2-4 PMDC stopped PMDC running MHz
48 Optical PMD compensation Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 48 Q factors measured for various configurations Q [db] back-toback + of fiber PMDC + 34km scrambler + 2 DGD sections [ps] or ps, w/o fiber
49 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 49 Motivation for polarization division multiplex transmission Doubled fiber capacity 2 4Gbit/s NRZ polarization division multiplex tolerates more PMD than 8Gbit/s NRZ single-channel transmission, and much more than polarization-interleaved 4Gbit/s NRZ single-channel transmission with halved frequency spacing and polarizer at RX. 2 4Gbit/s PolDM tolerates more chromatic dispersion than 8Gbit/s. Distributed PMD compensator is able to output any desired polarization state Either polarization division multiplex or PMD compensation come at a fairly low incremental cost.
50 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 5 Polarization division multiplex (PolDM): Principle and effect of polarization crosstalk in receiver DFB laser i i 1 2 b 1 b 1 modulator 1 modulator 2 cos sin 2 2 ψ ψ polarization combiner 2 + b 2 + b 2 2 sin cos fiber 2 2 ψ ψ 2 + b b 1 2 b b polarization transformer control: HOW? cosϕ sinψ cosϕ sinψ polarization splitter photoreceivers measured 2x1Gbit/s data signals without polarization control Information Photocurrents bits Polarization mismatch Interchannel phase difference Interchannel interference causes penalty ψ, not just ψ 2, and should be used as an error signal.
51 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 51 Polarization division multiplex transmission using interference detection scheme TX 1 Gbit/s FM 5kHz polarization combiner 25 ns motorized endless polarization transformer LiNbO 3 M polarization transformer fiber controller polarizer ( ) 2 clock & data recovery data out 1...2MHz FM and interchannel delay generate differential phase modulation to randomize interference. Extrapolated BER: 1-72 ~1ms signal acquisition time and up to 1 rad/s endless polarization tracking speed demonstrated. DSP can make control at least 1 times faster. data output signal and its eye diagram
52 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 52 Interference causes Bessel spectrum of photocurrent Even vs. odd Bessel line powers fluctuate as a function of mean interchannel phase difference. Suitable power weighting makes signal independent of phase fluctuations and, to first order, of differential phase modulation index η πδf τ 4.2. ~ peak peak = 54MHz 25ns -3 dbm detected worst case after automatic polarization adjustment MHz 2.5 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5
53 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 53 PMD tolerance of polarization division multiplex vs. 2-IM Non-interleaved NRZ PolDM supports same capacity fiber length product. RZ and phase-shaped PolDM transmission reduce PMD tolerance. Note: System penalty [db] 2 eye closure penalty [db] 1 8 interleaved = worst case eye closure penalty [db] (FWHM=.34T) 1 8 eye closure penalty [db] non-interleaved = best case non-interleaved = best case PolDM RZ 2-IM RZ interleaved = worst case PolDM NRZ 2-IM NRZ DGD/T DGD/T
54 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 54 Arrival time variation for RZ polarization division multiplex transmission PMD with PSPs equal to, 9 cause uncritical static arrival time difference between polarization channels. If single ones exite both principal states-of-polarization the arrival time of double ones depends dynamically on phase difference between the two polarizations: PSPs: +45, -45 retardation = n 2π 45 o fiber with PMD -45 o arrival time variation
55 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 55 Root mean square arrival time variation vs. DGD at 4Gbit/s 1 2 dynamic a.u. A.U. 1 1 ±σ static DGD [ps] sensitivity 15fs, measured in 4.8μs
56 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 56 FM 2 4Gbit/s, 212km polarization division multiplex transmission with endless polarization control and PMD compensation nm nm 33km DSF 15km SSMF DCF CS-RZ 2GHz MOD 4Gbit/s 63km SSMF MUX 51km DSF motorized endless polarization transformer M 5km DSF ERRORS without PMDC M polarization & PMD controller PT DGD 4ps PT arrival time interference polarizer VCO decision circuitry PI data out NO ERRORS with PMDC
57 Polarization division multiplex Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 57 RZ polarization division multiplex signals in the presence of interchannel phase modulation Polarization crosstalk interference detection PMD arrival time detection A similar scheme exists also for NRZ polarization division multiplex.
58 Limits due to fiber nonlinearity Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 58 Setup for demonstration of cross channel-induced nonlinear PMD in WDM system, L. Möller, L. Boivin, S. Chandrasekhar and L.L. Buhl, ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Vol. 37, No. 5, (36-38), March 21 PMD affected signal after PMDE Demultiplexed PMD affected signal after PMDE, SMF, PMDC in linear propagation Demultiplexed PMD affected WDM signal after PMDE, SMF, PMDC in nonlinear propagation (+6.5 dbm launched power, ps DGD+XPMIPS) Demultiplexed non-pmd affected WDM signal after SMF in non-linear propagation (+6.5 dbm launched power, DGD + XPMIPS) Single channel PMD affected signal after PMDE, SMF, PMDC in non-linear propagation (+9.5 dbm launched power, ps DGD)
59 Limits due to fiber nonlinearity Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 59 Nonlinear polarization evolution induced by cross-phase modulation and its impact on transmission systems, B.C. Collings, L. Boivin, Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 12, No. 11, 2, pp
60 Coherent optical transmission Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 6 Principle of coherent optical transmission optical transmitter S fiber local oscillator laser coupler balanced or differential photoreceiver jω t j t () S ω t = E e E () t j e LO E = E P I = S, LO ELO, + 2 ( je E ) E = 2 E1,2 ES ± 2 Re LO S ,2 LO electrical output, I(t) + + jω t () t = R( P P ) = R Re( je E ) = R Re( E E e IF ) = 2R ω () t ( ES jelo ) E 2() t ( jes + ELO ) IF = 2 P S = ω S 1 P LO ω 2 cos LO ( ψ 2) cos( ω t + ϕ ) cos( ψ 2) ϕ IF LO IF = arg S IF ( E E ) P = E LO, = 2 S, LO, S, = S, LO E E + LO, S, 2 E E S, LO, S, LO Operation point of the photodiodes is transferred from the apex of the parabolic field detection characteristic to a steeper part. Interference term provides linear electric field detection! Intermediate frequency... ω IF 1/(2T) Heterodyne ω IF = Homodyne 1/T >> ω IF Intradyne, needs I&Q or 3-phase optical receiver. With asynchronous detection: phase diversity Polarization matching required! ψ = angle on Poincaré sphere
61 Coherent optical transmission Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 61 Phase diversity, polarization diversity, polarization division multiplex, electronic polarization control, PMD, PDL and CD compensation E LO,x Re(X 1 ) 9 hybrid E S E LO PBS E S,x Multiplication by Jones matrices cascaded with DGD sections, which together represent inverse DGD profile of fiber: Im(X 1 ) 45 PBS E S,y 9 hybrid Complete purely electronic polarization control, PMD, PDL and CD compensation Re(X 2 ) Im(X 2 ) E LO,y
62 Higher-order PMD description Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 62 PMD definition and categorization Taylor series expansion of PMD vector is unphysical because PMD changes quasi periodically as a function of frequency. If Taylor series is used: Categorize various orders of PMD depending on their relation to the input polarization. order parallel to input polarization perpendicular to input polarization: mix of opposed parallel cases 1 delay symmetric eye closure 2 (2nd-order) CD, adds to fiber CD, symmetric overshoot, curvature difference (depends on fiber CD) rd-order CD, slope steepness difference, asymmetric overshoot vertically asymmetric, horizontally symmetric eye closure
63 Higher-order PMD description Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 63 Fourier expansion of mode coupling (FEMC) A frequency-independent mode conversion at the fiber input. This is described by 2 parameters, for example retardation and orientation of an SBA. A total DGD. A frequency-independent mode conversion at the fiber output. In the general case a mode conversion (2 parameters, as at the input) and a differential phase shift (one more parameter) are needed. In total this means that there is a frequencyindependent elliptical retarder at the output. Complex Fourier coefficients F k of mode coupling along the birefringent medium, which exhibits the above total DGD only in the absence of mode conversion. Soleil-Babinet analog (SBA) retardation orientation (= bend angle) (= bend orientation) F k ( z) jψ ( z) = L j2πk z L e e dϕ dz dz
64 Higher-order PMD description Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 64 Order and number of real parameters in higher-order PMD definition methods Method (below) and its order (right) Taylor expansion of PMD vector (TEPV, Jones matrix given by Heismann) Exponential Jones matrix expansion (EMTY = Eyal, Marshall, Tur, Yariv) Sequence of DGD sections (SDGD) Fourier expansion of mode coupling (FEMC) st-order PMD, identical for all methods F, uniform bending of DGD profile F 2, F 1, F 1, F, F 1, more complicated bending of DGD profile F, F 1, F 2 3 extra parameters are needed for all methods if frequency-independent output polarization transformation needs also to be described.
65 Higher-order PMD description PMD device to be characterized Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 65 DGD profile of an exemplary PMD structure, cascaded with inverted FEMC structures cascaded with inverted 1st-order structure cascaded with inverted 2nd-order FEMC structure cascaded with inverted 3rd-order FEMC structure
66 Higher-order PMD description Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 66 Extinction of cross polarization at output of PMD device cascaded with inverted 3rd-order FEMC structure db -2-4 co-polarized input pulse 37.2 db cross-polarized time [DGD units] Gaussian input pulse width is chosen equal to total DGD of FEMC structure after convergence of search algorithm. Search algorithm maximizes cross polarization extinction. Ideal PMD description would result in infinite cross polarization extinction. (Time is rescaled by factor 16 compared to previous viewgraph.)
67 Higher-order PMD description Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 67 Suppression of cross polarization by equalizers (= inverted structures) defined by higher-order PMD definition methods Method order Gaussian input pulse width [a.u.] Taylor expansion of PMD vector (TEPV) Exponential Jones matrix expansion (EMTY) Fourier expansion of mode coupling (FEMC) 1.3 db 1.3 db 1.3 db 14.8 db 12.6 db 21.6 db db and pulse width values are averaged over 75 PMD examples db 16.1 db 35.5 db Pulse widths are chosen equal for all methods, using the value obtained after convergence of FEMC for one particular order. Part of extinction improvement of high method orders is due to broader pulses. Extinction improvement of higher-order FEMC over 1st-order PMD seems to be 2 times larger (in db) than that of TEPV or EMTY! Reason: FEMC (and SDGD) are closely related to natural PMD, unlike higher-order TEPV and EMTY. Drawback: Finding FEMC coefficients is a numerical optimization process more research is needed
68 Conclusions Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 68 Conclusions (1): My PMD compensation philosophy Electrical compensation: Low-cost compromise, to be used at 1 Gbit/s. Electrical detection: Low-cost, high performance. Arrival time detection (example: 2.4μs, sensitivity ~1 4 Gbit/s) Slope steepness detection Polarization scrambler is needed or may be useful. Optical detection is probably not required. If it is to be used, a shared polarization spectrometer is needed to bring cost down. Optical compensation: High performance. Distributed PMD compensator in X-cut, Y-prop. LiNbO 3 has various advantages over other PMD compensators: Polarization transformers and DGD sections are integrated on one chip. Endless polarization transformations of any polarization state into PSP of DGD section DC drift is much less problematic than in X-cut, Z-prop. LiNbO 3 polarization transformers.
69 Conclusions Univ. Paderborn R. Noé 69 Conclusions (2): Difficulties in implementing PMD compensation Fast endless polarization control = 6% PMD and polarization mismatch detection = 3% PMD theory = 1% Go or no go: XPM-induced polarization modulation is dangerous in the case of intensity-modulation or NRZ signalling. RZ-DPSK is tempting. 1%? 6%? Number of publications Most of this material can also be found in R. Noé et al., PMD in High-Bit-Rate Transmission and Means for Its Mitigation, IEEE JSTQE 1(24)2, pp , and its references. Yet more theory :-( Fourier expansion of mode coupling (FEMC) improves higher-order PMD description.
PMD compensation in a 2 40Gbit/s, 212km, CS-RZ polarization multiplexed transmission experiment
Universität Paderborn PMD compensation in a 2 40Gbit/s, 212km, CS-RZ polarization multiplexed transmission experiment D. Sandel, F. Wüst, V. Mirvoda, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Universität
More informationIEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 10, NO. 2, MARCH/APRIL
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 10, NO. 2, MARCH/APRIL 2004 341 PMD in High-Bit-Rate Transmission and Means for Its Mitigation Reinhold Noé, Member, IEEE, David Sandel, and
More informationPolarization Mode Dispersion and Its Mitigation Techniques in High Speed Fiber Optical Communication Systems
Polarization Mode Dispersion and Its Mitigation Techniques in High Speed Fiber Optical Communication Systems Chongjin Xie Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733 WOCC
More informationLecture 7 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 7, Slide 1
Dispersion management Lecture 7 Dispersion compensating fibers (DCF) Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) Dispersion-equalizing filters Optical phase conjugation (OPC) Electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) Fiber
More informationCombatting and equalizing the effects of PMD in 40Gb/s systems and beyond
University of Paderborn R. Noé 1 Combatting and equalizing the effects of PMD in 40Gb/s systems and beyond Reinhold Noé University of Paderborn Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Optical
More informationsynqpsk Univ. Paderborn, Germany; CeLight Israel; Photline, France; IPAG, Germany
1 Components for Synchronous Optical Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Transmission Contract 004631 in FP6 IST-2002-2.3.2.2 Optical, opto-electronic, & photonic functional components synqpsk Univ. Paderborn,
More informationReal-time Implementation of Digital Coherent Detection
R. Noé 1 Real-time Implementation of Digital Coherent Detection R. Noé, U. Rückert, S. Hoffmann, R. Peveling, T. Pfau, M. El-Darawy, A. Al-Bermani University of Paderborn, Electrical Engineering Optical
More informationAutomatic polarization mode dispersion compensation in 40 Gb/s optical transmission system
Automatic polarization mode dispersion compensation in 40 Gb/s optical transmission system D. Sandel, M. Yoshida Dierolf, R. Noé (1), A. Schöpflin, E. Gottwald, G. Fischer (2) (1) Universität Paderborn,
More informationEnabling technology for suppressing nonlinear interchannel crosstalk in DWDM transoceanic systems
1/13 Enabling technology for suppressing nonlinear interchannel crosstalk in DWDM transoceanic systems H. Zhang R.B. Jander C. Davidson D. Kovsh, L. Liu A. Pilipetskii and N. Bergano April 2005 1/12 Main
More informationEffects of Polarization Tracker on 80 and 112 Gb/s PDM-DQPSK with Spectral Amplitude Code Labels
, July 5-7, 2017, London, U.K. Effects of Polarization Tracker on 80 and 112 Gb/s PDM-DQPSK with Spectral Amplitude Code Labels Aboagye Adjaye Isaac, Fushen Chen, Yongsheng Cao, Deynu Faith Kwaku Abstract
More informationPolarization Optimized PMD Source Applications
PMD mitigation in 40Gb/s systems Polarization Optimized PMD Source Applications As the bit rate of fiber optic communication systems increases from 10 Gbps to 40Gbps, 100 Gbps, and beyond, polarization
More informationPerformance Limitations of WDM Optical Transmission System Due to Cross-Phase Modulation in Presence of Chromatic Dispersion
Performance Limitations of WDM Optical Transmission System Due to Cross-Phase Modulation in Presence of Chromatic Dispersion M. A. Khayer Azad and M. S. Islam Institute of Information and Communication
More informationS Optical Networks Course Lecture 4: Transmission System Engineering
S-72.3340 Optical Networks Course Lecture 4: Transmission System Engineering Edward Mutafungwa Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P. O. Box 2300, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland Tel:
More informationLecture 8 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 8, Slide 1
Lecture 8 Bit error rate The Q value Receiver sensitivity Sensitivity degradation Extinction ratio RIN Timing jitter Chirp Forward error correction Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 8, Slide Bit error
More informationLecture 2 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 2, Slide 1
Lecture 2 General concepts Digital modulation in general Optical modulation Direct modulation External modulation Modulation formats Differential detection Coherent detection Fiber Optical Communication
More informationTable 10.2 Sensitivity of asynchronous receivers. Modulation Format Bit-Error Rate N p. 1 2 FSK heterodyne. ASK heterodyne. exp( ηn p /2) 40 40
10.5. SENSITIVITY DEGRADATION 497 Table 10.2 Sensitivity of asynchronous receivers Modulation Format Bit-Error Rate N p N p ASK heterodyne 1 2 exp( ηn p /4) 80 40 FSK heterodyne 1 2 exp( ηn p /2) 40 40
More information40Gb/s & 100Gb/s Transport in the WAN Dr. Olga Vassilieva Fujitsu Laboratories of America, Inc. Richardson, Texas
40Gb/s & 100Gb/s Transport in the WAN Dr. Olga Vassilieva Fujitsu Laboratories of America, Inc. Richardson, Texas All Rights Reserved, 2007 Fujitsu Laboratories of America, Inc. Outline Introduction Challenges
More informationREDUCTION OF CROSSTALK IN WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXED FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 77, 367 378, 2007 REDUCTION OF CROSSTALK IN WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXED FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS R. Tripathi Northern India Engineering College
More informationDispersion Measurements of High-Speed Lightwave Systems
Lightwave Symposium Dispersion Measurements of Presented by Johann L. Fernando, Product Manager 3-1 Topics Chromatic dispersion concepts Agilent 86037C Chromatic Dispersion Measurement System Polarization
More informationDr. Monir Hossen ECE, KUET
Dr. Monir Hossen ECE, KUET 1 Outlines of the Class Principles of WDM DWDM, CWDM, Bidirectional WDM Components of WDM AWG, filter Problems with WDM Four-wave mixing Stimulated Brillouin scattering WDM Network
More informationOptical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Sept. 25, 2017
Optical Communications and Networking Sept. 25, 2017 Lecture 4: Signal Propagation in Fiber 1 Nonlinear Effects The assumption of linearity may not always be valid. Nonlinear effects are all related to
More informationPolarization Mode Dispersion compensation in WDM system using dispersion compensating fibre
Polarization Mode Dispersion compensation in WDM system using dispersion compensating fibre AMANDEEP KAUR (Assist. Prof.) ECE department GIMET Amritsar Abstract: In this paper, the polarization mode dispersion
More informationAnalogical chromatic dispersion compensation
Chapter 2 Analogical chromatic dispersion compensation 2.1. Introduction In the last chapter the most important techniques to compensate chromatic dispersion have been shown. Optical techniques are able
More informationAll-VCSEL based digital coherent detection link for multi Gbit/s WDM passive optical networks
All-VCSEL based digital coherent detection link for multi Gbit/s WDM passive optical networks Roberto Rodes, 1,* Jesper Bevensee Jensen, 1 Darko Zibar, 1 Christian Neumeyr, 2 Enno Roenneberg, 2 Juergen
More informationPolarization Related Tests for Coherent Detection Systems
INTRODUCTION Coherent detection with polarization division multiplexing (PDM) has emerged as the key technology enabler for 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps networks because it significantly increases the spectral
More informationDispersion in Optical Fibers
Dispersion in Optical Fibers By Gildas Chauvel Anritsu Corporation TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chromatic Dispersion (CD): Definition and Origin; Limit and Compensation; and Measurement Methods Polarization
More informationSimultaneous chromatic dispersion, polarizationmode-dispersion. 40Gbit/s
Simultaneous chromatic dispersion, polarizationmode-dispersion and OSNR monitoring at 40Gbit/s Lamia Baker-Meflah, Benn Thomsen, John Mitchell, Polina Bayvel Dept. of Electronic & Electrical Engineering,
More informationPolarization Mode Dispersion Aspects for Parallel and Serial PHY
Polarization Mode Dispersion Aspects for Parallel and Serial PHY IEEE 802.3 High-Speed Study Group November 13-16, 2006 Marcus Duelk Bell Labs / Lucent Technologies duelk@lucent.com Peter Winzer Bell Labs
More information1 COPYRIGHT 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
1 ECOC 2011 WORKSHOP Space-Division Multiplexed Transmission in Strongly Coupled Few-Mode and Multi-Core Fibers Roland Ryf September 18 th 2011 CONTENTS 1. THE CAPACITY CRUNCH 2. SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
More informationNext-Generation Optical Fiber Network Communication
Next-Generation Optical Fiber Network Communication Naveen Panwar; Pankaj Kumar & manupanwar46@gmail.com & chandra.pankaj30@gmail.com ABSTRACT: In all over the world, much higher order off modulation formats
More informationTotal care for networks. Introduction to Dispersion
Introduction to Dispersion Introduction to PMD Version1.0- June 01, 2000 Copyright GN Nettest 2000 Introduction To Dispersion Contents Definition of Dispersion Chromatic Dispersion Polarization Mode Dispersion
More informationOptical Measurements in 100 and 400 Gb/s Networks: Will Coherent Receivers Take Over? Fred Heismann
Optical Measurements in 100 and 400 Gb/s Networks: Will Coherent Receivers Take Over? Fred Heismann Chief Scientist Fiberoptic Test & Measurement Key Trends in DWDM and Impact on Test & Measurement Complex
More informationTechnical Feasibility of 4x25 Gb/s PMD for 40km at 1310nm using SOAs
Technical Feasibility of 4x25 Gb/s PMD for 40km at 1310nm using SOAs Ramón Gutiérrez-Castrejón RGutierrezC@ii.unam.mx Tel. +52 55 5623 3600 x8824 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Introduction A
More informationChapter 3 Metro Network Simulation
Chapter 3 Metro Network Simulation 3.1 Photonic Simulation Tools Simulation of photonic system has become a necessity due to the complex interactions within and between components. Tools have evolved from
More informationMulti-format all-optical-3r-regeneration technology
Multi-format all-optical-3r-regeneration technology Masatoshi Kagawa Hitoshi Murai Amount of information flowing through the Internet is growing by about 40% per year. In Japan, the monthly average has
More informationPSO-200 OPTICAL MODULATION ANALYZER
PSO-200 OPTICAL MODULATION ANALYZER Future-proof characterization of any optical signal SPEC SHEET KEY FEATURES All-optical design providing the effective bandwidth to properly characterize waveforms and
More informationChirped Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensation in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Long-Haul Networks
363 Chirped Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensation in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Long-Haul Networks CHAOUI Fahd 3, HAJAJI Anas 1, AGHZOUT Otman 2,4, CHAKKOUR Mounia 3, EL YAKHLOUFI Mounir
More information40Gb/s Optical Transmission System Testbed
The University of Kansas Technical Report 40Gb/s Optical Transmission System Testbed Ron Hui, Sen Zhang, Ashvini Ganesh, Chris Allen and Ken Demarest ITTC-FY2004-TR-22738-01 January 2004 Sponsor: Sprint
More informationReference Distribution
EPAC 08, Genoa, Italy RF Reference Signal Distribution System for FAIR M. Bousonville, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Meissner, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany Dipl.-Ing. Michael Bousonville Page 1
More informationA review on optical time division multiplexing (OTDM)
International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicsjournal.com Volume 3; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 520-524 A review on optical time division
More informationEmerging Subsea Networks
Optimization of Pulse Shaping Scheme and Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Configuration for Ultra-Dense WDM based on mqam Modulation Format Takanori Inoue, Yoshihisa Inada, Eduardo Mateo, Takaaki Ogata (NEC
More informationFWM Suppression in WDM Systems Using Advanced Modulation Formats
FWM Suppression in WDM Systems Using Advanced Modulation Formats M.M. Ibrahim (eng.mohamed.ibrahim@gmail.com) and Moustafa H. Aly (drmosaly@gmail.com) OSA Member Arab Academy for Science, Technology and
More informationMini Dynamic Polarization Controller nm standard, others specify db (P grade), 0.05 db (A grade) with 0-150V applied to all axes
Mini Dynamic Polarization Controller PolaRITE III In response to customer requests for low profile polarization controllers for system integration, General Photonics made a special effort to design this
More informationISSCC 2006 / SESSION 13 / OPTICAL COMMUNICATION / 13.2
13.2 An MLSE Receiver for Electronic-Dispersion Compensation of OC-192 Fiber Links Hyeon-min Bae 1, Jonathan Ashbrook 1, Jinki Park 1, Naresh Shanbhag 2, Andrew Singer 2, Sanjiv Chopra 1 1 Intersymbol
More informationNovoptel. Application note 1 Error signals for polarization control. Novoptel 1 of 9 EPC1000_application_note_01_n17.doc
Novoptel Application note rror signals for polarization control Revision history Version Date Remarks Author 0.9. 06.0.0 Draft version R. Noé.0.0 7.09.0 Final version R. Noé.0. 8..0 Typo corrected R. Noé.0.
More informationChapter 8. Digital Links
Chapter 8 Digital Links Point-to-point Links Link Power Budget Rise-time Budget Power Penalties Dispersions Noise Content Photonic Digital Link Analysis & Design Point-to-Point Link Requirement: - Data
More informationNarrowband PMD Measurements with the Agilent 8509C Product Note
Narrowband PMD Measurements with the Agilent 8509C Product Note 8509-2 A guide to making PMD measurements on narrowband devices using the Agilent 8509C Lightwave Polarization Analyzer Table of contents
More informationAnalysis of Self Phase Modulation Fiber nonlinearity in Optical Transmission System with Dispersion
36 Analysis of Self Phase Modulation Fiber nonlinearity in Optical Transmission System with Dispersion Supreet Singh 1, Kulwinder Singh 2 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi
More informationDepartment of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Technical Report MECSE-4-2005 DWDM Optically Amplified Transmission Systems - SIMULINK Models and Test-Bed: Part III DPSK L.N. Binh and Y.L.Cheung
More informationAdvanced Fibre Testing: Paving the Way for High-Speed Networks. Trevor Nord Application Specialist JDSU (UK) Ltd
Advanced Fibre Testing: Paving the Way for High-Speed Networks Trevor Nord Application Specialist JDSU (UK) Ltd Fibre Review Singlemode Optical Fibre Elements of Loss Fibre Attenuation - Caused by scattering
More informationLecture 5 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 5, Slide 1
Lecture 5 Bit error rate The Q value Receiver sensitivity Sensitivity degradation Extinction ratio RIN Timing jitter Chirp Forward error correction Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 5, Slide 1 Bit error
More information81195A Optical Modulation Generator Software
DATA SHEET 81195A Optical Modulation Generator Software Version 1.1 Product Description The latest developments in 200G, 400G and 1Tb coherent optical transmission systems are challenging test engineers.
More informationCHAPTER 4 RESULTS. 4.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Introduction In this chapter focus are given more on WDM system. The results which are obtained mainly from the simulation work are presented. In simulation analysis, the study will
More informationRZ BASED DISPERSION COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE IN DWDM SYSTEM FOR BROADBAND SPECTRUM
RZ BASED DISPERSION COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE IN DWDM SYSTEM FOR BROADBAND SPECTRUM Prof. Muthumani 1, Mr. Ayyanar 2 1 Professor and HOD, 2 UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
More informationArtisan Technology Group is your source for quality new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment
Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND DELIVERY TENS OF THOUSANDS OF IN-STOCK ITEMS EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF MANUFACTURERS SUPPORTED
More informationPhase Noise Compensation for Coherent Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communications Systems
Jassim K. Hmood Department of Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Phase Noise Compensation for Coherent Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Optical Fiber
More informationSHF Communication Technologies AG
SHF Communication Technologies AG Wilhelm-von-Siemens-Str. 23 Aufgang D 12277 Berlin Marienfelde Germany Phone ++49 30 / 772 05 10 Fax ++49 30 / 753 10 78 E-Mail: sales@shf.biz Web: http://www.shf.biz
More informationOptical Transport Tutorial
Optical Transport Tutorial 4 February 2015 2015 OpticalCloudInfra Proprietary 1 Content Optical Transport Basics Assessment of Optical Communication Quality Bit Error Rate and Q Factor Wavelength Division
More informationSIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MODULATION FORMATS
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MODULATION FORMATS Namita Kathpal 1 and Amit Kumar Garg 2 1,2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Deenbandhu
More informationOptical Complex Spectrum Analyzer (OCSA)
Optical Complex Spectrum Analyzer (OCSA) First version 24/11/2005 Last Update 05/06/2013 Distribution in the UK & Ireland Characterisation, Measurement & Analysis Lambda Photometrics Limited Lambda House
More informationIEEE 802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force 22th Sep 2009
Draft Amendment to IEEE Std 0.-0 IEEE Draft P0.ba/D. IEEE 0.ba 0Gb/s and 00Gb/s Ethernet Task Force th Sep 0.. Stressed receiver sensitivity Stressed receiver sensitivity shall be within the limits given
More informationPLC-based integrated devices for advanced modulation formats
ECOC 2009 workshop 7-5 Sep. 20, 2009 PLC-based integrated devices for advanced modulation formats Y. Inoue NTT Photonics Labs. NTT Corporation NTT Photonics Laboratories Hybrid integration of photonics
More informationA Comparison and Outline of Tolerances in Performing Optical Time Division Multiplexing using Electro-Absorption Modulators
A Comparison and Outline of Tolerances in Performing Optical Time Division Multiplexing using Electro-Absorption Modulators by Mark Owsiak A thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer
More informationPerformance Analysis of 112 Gb/s PDM- DQPSK Optical System with Frequency Swept Coherent Detected Spectral Amplitude Labels
, June 29 - July 1, 2016, London, U.K. Performance Analysis of 112 Gb/s PDM- DQPSK Optical System with Frequency Swept Coherent Detected Spectral Amplitude Labels Aboagye Isaac Adjaye, Chen Fushen, Cao
More information40Gb/s Coherent DP-PSK for Submarine Applications
4Gb/s Coherent DP-PSK for Submarine Applications Jamie Gaudette, Elizabeth Rivera Hartling, Mark Hinds, John Sitch, Robert Hadaway Email: Nortel, 3 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada
More informationMicrophotonics Readiness for Commercial CMOS Manufacturing. Marco Romagnoli
Microphotonics Readiness for Commercial CMOS Manufacturing Marco Romagnoli MicroPhotonics Consortium meeting MIT, Cambridge October 15 th, 2012 Passive optical structures based on SOI technology Building
More informationEmerging Subsea Networks
EVALUATION OF NONLINEAR IMPAIRMENT FROM NARROW- BAND UNPOLARIZED IDLERS IN COHERENT TRANSMISSION ON DISPERSION-MANAGED SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS Masashi Binkai, Keisuke Matsuda, Tsuyoshi Yoshida, Naoki Suzuki,
More informationMike Harrop September PMD Testing in modern networks
Mike Harrop Mike.harrop@exfo.com September 2016 PMD Testing in modern networks Table of Contents 1 Quick review of PMD 2 Impacts & limits 3 Impact of coherent systems 4 Challenges/Reducing the risk 5 Solutions
More informationPhase Modulator for Higher Order Dispersion Compensation in Optical OFDM System
Phase Modulator for Higher Order Dispersion Compensation in Optical OFDM System Manpreet Singh 1, Karamjit Kaur 2 Student, University College of Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India 1. Assistant
More informationModule 12 : System Degradation and Power Penalty
Module 12 : System Degradation and Power Penalty Lecture : System Degradation and Power Penalty Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Degradation during Propagation Modal Noise Dispersion
More informationAll optical wavelength converter based on fiber cross-phase modulation and fiber Bragg grating
All optical wavelength converter based on fiber cross-phase modulation and fiber Bragg grating Pavel Honzatko a, a Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
More informationA NOVEL SCHEME FOR OPTICAL MILLIMETER WAVE GENERATION USING MZM
A NOVEL SCHEME FOR OPTICAL MILLIMETER WAVE GENERATION USING MZM Poomari S. and Arvind Chakrapani Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil
More information40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ultra Long Haul Submarine Systems
4 Gb/s and 1 Gb/s Ultra Long Haul Submarine Systems Jamie Gaudette, John Sitch, Mark Hinds, Elizabeth Rivera Hartling, Phil Rolle, Robert Hadaway, Kim Roberts [Nortel], Brian Smith, Dean Veverka [Southern
More informationPassive Fibre Components
SMR 1829-16 Winter College on Fibre Optics, Fibre Lasers and Sensors 12-23 February 2007 Passive Fibre Components (PART 2) Walter Margulis Acreo, Stockholm Sweden Passive Fibre Components W. Margulis walter.margulis@acreo.se
More informationTesting Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) in the Field
Introduction Competitive market pressures demand that service providers continuously upgrade and maintain their net-works to ensure they are able to deliver higher speed, higher quality applications and
More informationEFFECTS OF POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION INOPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
I J C T A, 9(28) 2016, pp. 383-389 International Science Press EFFECTS OF POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION INOPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Jabeena A* Ashna Jain* and N. Sardar Basha** Abstract : The effects
More informationPulse Restoration by Filtering of Self-Phase Modulation Broadened Optical Spectrum
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 20, NO. 7, JULY 2002 1113 Pulse Restoration by Filtering of Self-Phase Modulation Broadened Optical Spectrum Bengt-Erik Olsson, Member, IEEE, and Daniel J. Blumenthal,
More informationProposal of A Star-16QAM System Based on Intersymbol Interference (ISI) Suppression and Coherent Detection
Proposal of A Star-16QAM System Based on Intersymbol Interference (ISI) Suppression and Coherent Detection Liang Zhang, Xiaofeng Hu, Tao Wang, Qi Liu, Yikai Su State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication
More informationPerformance Analysis Of Hybrid Optical OFDM System With High Order Dispersion Compensation
Performance Analysis Of Hybrid Optical OFDM System With High Order Dispersion Compensation Manpreet Singh Student, University College of Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. Abstract Orthogonal
More informationSpectral phase shaping for high resolution CARS spectroscopy around 3000 cm 1
Spectral phase shaping for high resolution CARS spectroscopy around 3 cm A.C.W. van Rhijn, S. Postma, J.P. Korterik, J.L. Herek, and H.L. Offerhaus Mesa + Research Institute for Nanotechnology, University
More informationJOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 29, NO. 21, NOVEMBER 1, Impact of Channel Count and PMD on Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK Transmission
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 29, NO. 21, NOVEMBER 1, 2011 3223 Impact of Channel Count and PMD on Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK Transmission C. Xia, W. Schairer, A. Striegler, L. Rapp, M. Kuschnerov,
More informationAn improved optical costas loop PSK receiver: Simulation analysis
Journal of Scientific HELALUDDIN: & Industrial Research AN IMPROVED OPTICAL COSTAS LOOP PSK RECEIVER: SIMULATION ANALYSIS 203 Vol. 67, March 2008, pp. 203-208 An improved optical costas loop PSK receiver:
More informationSingle channel and WDM transmission of 28 Gbaud zero-guard-interval CO-OFDM
Single channel and WDM transmission of 28 Gbaud zero-guard-interval CO-OFDM Qunbi Zhuge, * Mohamed Morsy-Osman, Mohammad E. Mousa-Pasandi, Xian Xu, Mathieu Chagnon, Ziad A. El-Sahn, Chen Chen, and David
More informationCHAPTER 3 PERFORMANCE OF MODULATION FORMATS ON DWDM OPTICAL SYSTEMS
67 CHAPTER 3 PERFORMANCE OF MODULATION FORMATS ON DWDM OPTICAL SYSTEMS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The need for higher transmission rate in Dense Wavelength Division optical systems necessitates the selection of
More informationPerformance Analysis of Chromatic Dispersion Compensation of a Chirped Fiber Grating on a Differential Phase-shift-keyed Transmission
Journal of the Optical Society of Korea Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2009, pp. 107-111 DOI: 10.3807/JOSK.2009.13.1.107 Performance Analysis of Chromatic Dispersion Compensation of a Chirped Fiber Grating on a
More informationPerformance Analysis of Optical Time Division Multiplexing Using RZ Pulse Generator
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology IJCSMC, Vol. 4, Issue. 10, October 2015,
More informationDigital Coherent Transmission: A Paradigm Shift of Optical Transmission Technology
conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Digital Coherent Transmission: A Paradigm Shift of Optical Transmission Technology Shoichiro Oda, Toshiki Tanaka, and Takeshi
More informationPeter J. Winzer Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent. Special thanks to: R.-J. Essiambre, A. Gnauck, G. Raybon, C. Doerr
Optically-routed long-haul networks Peter J. Winzer Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent Special thanks to: R.-J. Essiambre, A. Gnauck, G. Raybon, C. Doerr Outline Need and drivers for transport capacity Spectral
More informationPERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF 32 CHANNEL LONG HAUL DWDM SOLITON LINK USING ELECTRONIC DISPERSION COMPENSATION
International Journal of Electronics, Communication & Instrumentation Engineering Research and Development (IJECIERD) ISSN 2249-684X Vol. 2 Issue 4 Dec - 2012 11-16 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd., PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
More informationOptical phase-locked loop for coherent transmission over 500 km using heterodyne detection with fiber lasers
Optical phase-locked loop for coherent transmission over 500 km using heterodyne detection with fiber lasers Keisuke Kasai a), Jumpei Hongo, Masato Yoshida, and Masataka Nakazawa Research Institute of
More informationPerformance of A Multicast DWDM Network Applied to the Yemen Universities Network using Quality Check Algorithm
Performance of A Multicast DWDM Network Applied to the Yemen Universities Network using Quality Check Algorithm Khaled O. Basulaim, Samah Ali Al-Azani Dept. of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering,
More informationAll-Optical Signal Processing and Optical Regeneration
1/36 All-Optical Signal Processing and Optical Regeneration Govind P. Agrawal Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 c 2007 G. P. Agrawal Outline Introduction Major Nonlinear Effects
More informationSingle- versus Dual-Carrier Transmission for Installed Submarine Cable Upgrades
Single- versus Dual-Carrier Transmission for Installed Submarine Cable Upgrades L. Molle, M. Nölle, C. Schubert (Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, HHI) W. Wong, S. Webb, J. Schwartz (Xtera Communications)
More informationL évolution des systèmes de transmission optique très haut débit et l impact de la photonique sur silicium
L évolution des systèmes de transmission optique très haut débit et l impact de la photonique sur silicium G. Charlet 27-November-2017 1 Introduction Evolution of long distance transmission systems: from
More informationHigh-Speed Optical Modulators and Photonic Sideband Management
114 High-Speed Optical Modulators and Photonic Sideband Management Tetsuya Kawanishi National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1 Nukui-Kita, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan Tel: 81-42-327-7490;
More informationOptical Digital Transmission Systems. Xavier Fernando ADROIT Lab Ryerson University
Optical Digital Transmission Systems Xavier Fernando ADROIT Lab Ryerson University Overview In this section we cover point-to-point digital transmission link design issues (Ch8): Link power budget calculations
More informationECEN720: High-Speed Links Circuits and Systems Spring 2017
ECEN720: High-Speed Links Circuits and Systems Spring 2017 Lecture 12: CDRs Sam Palermo Analog & Mixed-Signal Center Texas A&M University Announcements Project Preliminary Report #2 due Apr. 20 Expand
More informationJoint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems
Joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems Qiao Yao-Jun( ), Liu Xue-Jun ( ), and Ji Yue-Feng ( ) Key Laboratory
More informationFiber-Optic Communication Systems
Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Second Edition GOVIND P. AGRAWAL The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY A WILEY-iNTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER
More informationMeasurements 2: Network Analysis
Measurements 2: Network Analysis Fritz Caspers CAS, Aarhus, June 2010 Contents Scalar network analysis Vector network analysis Early concepts Modern instrumentation Calibration methods Time domain (synthetic
More information