IOT BASED GAS PIPE LINE LEAKAGE MONITORING SYSTEM

Transcription

1 IOT BASED GAS PIPE LINE LEAKAGE MONITORING SYSTEM RAJESH PANJALA 1, MR. VASEEM AHMED QURESHI 2, DR.B.HARI KRISHNA 3, C.ASHOK KUMAR 4 1 Rajesh Panjala, M.Tech Student, Dept of ECE, CMR Engineering College, Kandalakoya, Medchal Mandal, Rangareddy Dist, Telangana, India. 2 Guide Details: Mr. Vaseem Ahmed Qureshi, M.Tech, Assistant professor, Dept of ECE, CMR Engineering College, Kandalakoya, Medchal Mandal, Rangareddy Dist, Telangana, India. 3 Coordinator Details: Dr. B. Hari Krishna, Ph.D., Professor, Dept of ECE, CMR Engineering College, Kandalakoya, Medchal Mandal, Rangareddy Dist, Telangana, India. 4 HOD Details: C. Ashok kumar, Ph.D., Professor, Dept of ECE, CMR Engineering College, Kandalakoya, Medchal Mandal, Rangareddy Dist, Telangana, India. Abstract: Location is a fundamental service for mobile computing. Typical GPS receivers, although widely available for navigation purposes, may consume too much energy to be useful for many applications. Observing that in many sensing scenarios, the location information can be postprocessed when the data is uploaded to a server, we design a cloud-offloaded GPS (CO-GPS) solution that allows a sensing device to aggressively dutycycle its GPS receiver and log just enough raw GPS signal for post-processing. Leveraging publicly available information such as GNSS satellite ephemeris and an Earth elevation database, a cloud service can derive good quality GPS locations from a few milliseconds of raw data. Using our design of a portable sensing device platform called CLEON, we evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the solution. Compared to more than 30 seconds of heavy signal processing on standalone GPS receivers, we can achieve three orders of magnitude lower energy consumption per location tagging. INTRODUCTION: LOCATION determination is a fundamental service in mobility. In outdoor applications such as wildlife tracking, participatory environmental sensing [1], and personal health and wellness applications, GPS is the most common location sensor. GPS receiving, although becoming increasingly ubiquitous and lower in cost, is processing intensive and energyconsuming. Take ZebraNet sensor nodes [22] as an example. On average, one GPS location fix requires turning on the GPS chip for more than 25 seconds at 462 mw power consumption, which dominates its energy budget. As a result, the unit is equipped with a 540-gram solar cell array and a 287-gram 2 A-h lithium-ion battery in order to support one GPS position reading every 3 minutes. Power generation and storage accounts for over 70 percent of the sensor unit s total weight of 1,151 grams. Similarly, in wearable consumer devices such as fitness trackers, high energy consumption from GPS receivers results in bulkier devices and low battery life. As we will elaborate in Section 2, there are two main reasons behind the high energy consumption of GPS receivers: 1) the time and satellite trajectory information (called Ephemeris) are sent from the satellites at a data rate as low as 50 bps. A standalone GPS receiver has to be turned on for up to 30 seconds to receive the full data packets from satellites for computing its location. Even in assisted GPS (AGPS), where Ephemeris is sent to device through a separate channel, a receiver needs to run for about 6 seconds to decode time stamps. 2) The amount of signal processing required to acquire and track

2 satellites is substantial due to weak signal strengths and unknown Doppler frequency shifts. For example, in state-of-the-art GPS receivers such as u-blox Max- 7, the acquisition state consumes 60 mw and can take on average 5 seconds to yield the first location fix. In order to save the energy spent on repeatedly acquiring the satellites, some GPS receivers have a low power tracking mode to keep track of the satellite information. In case of Max-7, the low power tracking mode consumes more than 12 mw continuously. 3) The satellites move at high speed. When a GPS chip is turned off completely for more than a few minutes, the previous code phases and Doppler information are no longer useful, and the device must spend substantial energy to re-acquire the satellites. 4) Post-processing and least-square calculation require a powerful CPU. HARDWARE SYSTEM ARM7TDMI: ARM is the abbreviation of Advanced RISC Machines, it is the name of a class of processors, and is the name of a kind technology too. The RISC instruction set, and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) designs. Liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display that uses the light modulation properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. Temperature sensor: A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiter, temperature sensors (NTC type typically), self-resetting over current protectors, and self-regulating heating elements. The TMP103 is a digital output temperature sensor in a four-ball wafer chip-scale package (WCSP). The TMP103 is capable of reading temperatures to a resolution of 1 C. Fig 1: Block Diagram METHODOLOGY: Micro controller: This section forms the control unit of the whole project. This section basically consists of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project because it controls the devices being interfaced and communicates with the devices according to the program being written. Fig 2: Temperature sensor Humidity sensor: Humidity sensor is a device that measures the relative humidity of in a given area. A humidity sensor can be

3 used in both indoors and outdoors. Humidity sensors are available in both analog and digital forms. An analog humidity sensor gauges the humidity of the air relatively using a capacitor-based system. The sensor is made out of a film usually made of either glass or ceramics. The insulator material which absorbs the water is made out of a polymer which takes in and releases water based on the relative humidity of the given area. This changes the level of charge in the capacitor of the on board electrical circuit. A digital humidity sensor works via two micro sensors that are calibrated to the relative humidity of the given area. These are then converted into the digital format via an analog to digital conversion process which is done by a chip located in the same circuit. A machine made electrode based system made out of polymer is what makes up the capacitance for the sensor. This protects the sensor from user front panel (interface). Fig 3: Humidity sensor Co2 sensor: They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments in family and industry, are suitable for detecting of LPG, i-butane, propane, methane, alcohol, Hydrogen, smoke. The surface resistance of the sensor Rs is obtained through effected voltage signal output of the load resistance RL which series-wound. The relationship between them is described: Fig 4: Co2 sensor LDR: LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. The animation opposite shows that when the torch is turned on, the resistance of the LDR falls, allowing current to pass through it. This is an example of a light sensor circuit: When the light level is low the resistance of the LDR is high. This prevents current from flowing to the base of the transistors. Consequently the LED does not light. However, when light shines onto the LDR its resistance falls and current flows into the base of the first transistor and then the second transistor. The LED lights on. The preset resistor can be turned up or down to increase or decrease resistance, in this way it can make the circuit more or less sensitive Rs\RL = (Vc-VRL) / VRL Fig 5: LDR

4 GPS: Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is changing the way we work and play. You can use GPS technology when you are driving, flying, fishing, sailing, hiking, running, biking, working, or exploring. With a GPS receiver, you have an amazing amount of information at your fingertips. Here are just a few examples of how you can use GPS technology. GPS technology requires the following three segments. Space segment. Control segment. User segment Space Segment At least 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth twice a day in a specific pattern. They travel at approximately 7,000 miles per hour about 12,000 miles above the earth s surface. These satellites are spaced so that a GPS receiver anywhere in the world can receive signals from at least four of them. satellites. The following points provide a summary of the technology at work: The control segment constantly monitors the GPS constellation and uploads information to satellites to provide maximum user accuracy Your GPS receiver collects information from the GPS satellites that are in view. Your GPS receiver accounts for errors. For more information, refer to the Sources of Errors. Your GPS receiver determines your current location, velocity, and time. Your GPS receiver can calculate other information, such as bearing, track, trip distance, and distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time so forth. Your GPS receiver displays the applicable information on the screen. Control Segment The control segment is responsible for constantly monitoring satellite health, signal integrity, and orbital configuration from the ground control segment includes the following sections: Master control station, Monitor stations, and Ground antennas. User Segment GPRS: Fig 6: GPS Working The GPS user segment consists of your GPS receiver. Your receiver collects and processes signals from the GPS satellites that are in view and then uses that information to determine and display your location, speed, time, and so forth. Your GPS receiver does not transmit any information back to the GPRS (general packet radio service) is a packetbased data bearer service for wireless communication services that is delivered as a network overlay for GSM, CDMA and TDMA (ANSI-I36) networks. GPRS applies a packet radio principle to transfer user data packets in an efficient way between GSM

5 mobile stations and external packet data networks. Packet switching is where data is split into packets that are transmitted separately and then reassembled at the receiving end. GPRS supports the world's leading packet-based Internet communication protocols, Internet protocol (IP) and X.25, a protocol that is used mainly in Europe. GPRS enables any existing IP or X.25 application to operate over a GSM cellular connection. Cellular networks with GPRS capabilities are wireless extensions of the Internet and X.25 networks. Fig 7: GPRS module IV. CONCLUSION Motivated by the possibility of offloading GPS processing to the cloud, we propose a novel embedded GPS sensing approach called CO-GPS. By using a coarse-time navigation technique and leveraging information that is already available on the web, such as satellite ephemeris, we show that 2 ms of raw GPS signals is enough to obtain a location fix. By averaging multiple such short chunks over a short period of time, CO-GPS can on average achieve < 20 m location accuracy using 10 ms of raw data (40 kb). Without the need to do satellite acquisition, tracking and decoding, the GPS receiver can be very simple and aggressively duty cycled. V. REFERENCES [1] I. Amundson, X. Koutsoukos, J. Sallai, and A. Ledeczi, Mobile sensor navigation using rapid RFbased angle of arrival localization, in Proc. 17th IEEE Real-Time Embedded Technol. Appl. Symp., Chicago, IL, USA, Apr , 2011, pp [2] Argos Systems. Argos User s Manual. CLS Group, [3] A. Arora, P. Dutta, S. Bapat, V. Kulathumani, H. Zhang, V. Naik, V. Mittal, H. Cao, M. Demirbas, M. Gouda, Y. Choi, T. Herman, S. Kulkarni, U. Arumugam, M. Nesterenko, A. Vora, and M. Miyashita, A line in the sand: A wireless sensor network for target detection, classification, and tracking, Comput. Netw., vol. 46, no. 5, pp , Dec [4] Y. Chen, D. Lymberopoulos, J. Liu, and B. Priyantha, FM-based indoor localization, in Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Mobile Syst., Appl. Services, Lake District, U.K., Jun , 2012, pp [5] K. Chintalapudi, A. Padmanabha Iyer, and V. N. Padmanabhan, Indoor localization without the pain, in Proc. 16th Annu. Int. Conf. Mobile Comput. Netw., Chicago, IL, USA, Sep , 2010, pp [6] M. Horemuz and J. V. Andersson, Polynomial interpolation of GPS satellite coordinates, GPS Solut, vol. 10, pp , [7] X. Jiang, C.-J. M. Liang, F. Zhao, K. Chen, J. Hsu, B. Zhang, and J. Liu, Demo: Creating interactive virtual zones in physical space with magnetic-induction, in Proc. 9th ACM Conf. Embedded Netw. Sensor Syst., Seattle, WA, USA, Nov. 4 7, 2011, pp [8] E. D. Kaplan and C. J. Hegarty, Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, [9] K. Lin, A. Kansal, D. Lymberopoulos, and F. Zhao, Energy-accuracy trade-off for continuous mobile device location, in Proc. 8 th Int. Conf. Mobile Syst., Appl., Services, San Francisco, CA, USA, Jun , 2010, pp

6 AUTHORS Rajesh Panjala is currently pursuing his M.Tech, Dept of ECE, CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad. Mr. Vaseem Ahmed Qureshi received his B.Tech degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad in 2005 and M.Tech degree in VLSI System Design from Jawaharlal Technological University, Hyderabad in He is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering in CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad and has more than 10 years of teaching experience. His research area includes Low Power VLSI Design and Analog IC Design. He has published 09 papers in International journals. Dr.B.Hari Krishna was born on feb 7, 1980, India and got B.Tech ECE, from JNTUH in the Year 2002, M.Tech. (Embedded systems) from SRM University, Chennai in the Year 2005 and Ph.D. from Sathyabama University in the year He has got 10 Years of Teaching Experience. Presently, he is working as Professor in Department of Electronics and communication engineering in CMR Engineering College Hyderabad. He has so far published papers in referred International Journals and national journals. And attended and published papers in international conferences and national conferences. His area of interest are fault tolerance, Embedded systems, image processing.(coordinator) Professor C.Ashok Kumar was born on June 05, India and got B.Tech ECE, from Nagarjuna University in the Year 1993, M.Tech. (Industrial electronics) from KREC SURATKAL in the Year 1999 and pursuing Ph.D. from JNTU University, Hyderabad. He has got 16 Years of Teaching Experience and 4 years in industry. Presently, he is working as Professor and HOD in Department of Electronics communication engineering in CMR Engineering College Hyderabad. His area of interest are Lower power VLSI, image processing, Networking, wireless communication.(hod)