AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS

Transcription

1 AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS LAVUDYA RAMU NAIK 1 Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Aurora Engineering College, Bhuvanagiri, Hyderabad, Telangana, India ABSTRACT: With the development in microcontroller technology, internet accessibility, cloud computing and miniaturization of electronic components, it has now become possible to connect physical objects to the Internet making the World Wide Web an Internet of Things (IoT). Smart environments created using Internet of Things can provide energy efficient solutions to day-to-day challenges. The paper has discussed the proof of concept for an IoT device that collects data regarding physical parameters, using a sophisticated microcontroller platform, from various types of sensors, through different modes of communication and then uploads the data to the Internet. The presented device has been designed for remote monitoring of weather parameters. The paper focuses on the technique of uploading acquired data online, so that the device can be used to remotely monitor weather parameters and eventually analyze climate change patterns. The paper also discusses the basic concept of Internet of Things and its potential applications, especially for environment monitoring. Keywords: GPS, GPRS, Temp. Hum Sensors. INTRODUCTION: Environmental consequences like changing climate condition received much attention in recent years, we can gain a deeper understanding of the environmental condition because of environmental monitoring and management. For cognition of environmental parameter we have to track them by using the various sensor. Tracking the environmental parameters variation in environmental condition is essential in order to determine the quality of environment. The collected data encompass important details for a variety of organizations and agencies. With the results of monitoring, governments can make informed decisions about how the environment will affect the society and how the society is affecting the environment. Outside the governments and other organizations, the information is used by many people, because of the weather's effect on a wide range of human's activities, such as: agriculture, transportation and leisure time. The information can be used by municipal engineers to design flood control systems or public health experts to design effective policies. Timely and effective responses to environmental emergencies, such as spills, are impossible without adequate information. Unfortunately, data provided by agencies are sometimes overwhelmingly ambiguous and unconfined to the environment, with samples generally sparsely taken across large regions despite that some environment parameters variance occurs across smaller areas. Therefore this data might not be very helpful on a personal level. Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept and a paradigm that considers pervasive presence in the environment of a variety of things/objects that through wireless and wired connections and unique addressing schemes are able to interact with each other and cooperate with other things/objects to create new. LITERATURE SURVEY: Environmental monitoring and management an integrated system based on IoT is an wear proof and active topic, not only for the scientists and engineers, but also for the public and the administrators, and it covers broad issues of climate change. The IoT applications are limitless, few examples are; smart cities, smart energy and the smart grids, smart transportation and enabling traffic management and control.

2 The proposed a system to monitor and management of environment conditions using RFID and GPRS technologies. The system mainly uses three kinds of sensors as temperature, humidity and light sensors. The distribution model of the sensors and RFID reader determines the location and number of nodes in sensor placement should be established according to the actual situation of attractions. Meteorological data is collected by sensing devices, and passed by wireless sensor networks which are organized by Zigbee. And it will pass to the server section and server section will monitor the node section. The each tourist is given with an RFID tag so that the location of tourist can be monitored by using the RFID reader connected at the each node with GPRS module. The server section collects the data from the nodes and displays the data on the webpage. The data further analyzed. It completes showing environment parameters data along with location of the particular node. The tricking of the each tourist can be monitored. Data collection supported by IoT but also in Web services and applications based on cloud computing and e-science platforms, and the effectiveness of monitoring processes and decisionmaking can be improved. PROPOSED SCHEME: Regional environmental monitoring and management system comprised two system client and server. and peripheral can be used as a embedded system. Detected data display on the LCD. GPRS based specification for a suit of high level communication protocols used to create personal area network METHODOLOGY Micro controller: This section forms the control unit of the whole project. This section basically consists of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project because it controls the devices being interfaced and communicates with the devices according to the program being written. ARM7TDMI: ARM is the abbreviation of Advanced RISC Machines, it is the name of a class of processors, and is the name of a kind technology too. The RISC instruction set, and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) designs. Liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display that uses the light modulation properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. Temperature sensor: A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiter, temperature sensors (NTC type typically), self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements. The TMP103 is a digital output temperature sensor in a four-ball wafer chip-scale package (WCSP). The TMP103 is capable of reading temperatures to a resolution of 1 C. Fig.1. Block diagram To detect the environmental parameters used sensor as shown in fig.1. Microcontroller can be considered a self contained system with a processor, memory,

3 Fig.2. Temperature sensor Humidity sensor: Humidity sensor is a device that measures the relative humidity of in a given area. A humidity sensor can be used in both indoors and outdoors. Humidity sensors are available in both analog and digital forms. An analog humidity sensor gauges the humidity of the air relatively using a capacitor-based system. The sensor is made out of a film usually made of either glass or ceramics. The insulator material which absorbs the water is made out of a polymer which takes in and releases water based on the relative humidity of the given area. This changes the level of charge in the capacitor of the on board electrical circuit. A digital humidity sensor works via two micro sensors that are calibrated to the relative humidity of the given area. These are then converted into the digital format via an analog to digital conversion process which is done by a chip located in the same circuit. A machine made electrode based system made out of polymer is what makes up the capacitance for the sensor. This protects the sensor from user front panel (interface). Fig.4. LDR sensor This is an example of a light sensor circuit: When the light level is low the resistance of the LDR is high. This prevents current from flowing to the base of the transistors. Consequently the LED does not light. However, when light shines onto the LDR its resistance falls and current flows into the base of the first transistor and then the second transistor. The LED lights on. The preset resistor can be turned up or down to increase or decrease resistance, in this way it can make the circuit more or less sensitive. LIGHT SENSOR: Fig.3. Humidity sensor LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. The animation opposite shows that when the torch is turned on, the resistance of the LDR falls, allowing current to pass through can receive signals from at least four of them. GPS: Fig.5. LDR Working Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is changing the way we work and play. You can use GPS technology when you are driving, flying, fishing, sailing, hiking, running, biking, working, or

4 exploring. With a GPS receiver, you have an amazing amount of information at your fingertips. Here are just a few examples of how you can use GPS technology. GPS technology requires the following three segments. Space segment. Control segment. User segment Space Segment Your GPS receiver can calculate other information, such as bearing, track, trip distance, and distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time so forth. Your GPS receiver displays the applicable information on the screen. At least 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth twice a day in a specific pattern. They travel at approximately 7,000 miles per hour about 12,000 miles above the earth s surface. These satellites are spaced so that a GPS receiver anywhere in the world GPRS: Fig.6. GPS Working Control Segment The control segment is responsible for constantly monitoring satellite health, signal integrity, and orbital configuration from the ground control segment includes the following sections: Master control station, Monitor stations, and Ground antennas. User Segment The GPS user segment consists of your GPS receiver. Your receiver collects and processes signals from the GPS satellites that are in view and then uses that information to determine and display your location, speed, time, and so forth. Your GPS receiver does not transmit any information back to the satellites. GPRS (general packet radio service) is a packetbased data bearer service for wireless communication services that is delivered as a network overlay for GSM, CDMA and TDMA (ANSI-I36) networks. GPRS applies a packet radio principle to transfer user data packets in an efficient way between GSM mobile stations and external packet data networks. Packet switching is where data is split into packets that are transmitted separately and then reassembled at the receiving end. GPRS supports the world's leading packet-based Internet communication protocols, Internet protocol (IP) and X.25, a protocol that is used mainly in Europe. GPRS enables any existing IP or X.25 application to operate over a GSM cellular connection. Cellular networks with GPRS capabilities are wireless extensions of the Internet and X.25 networks. The following points provide a summary of the technology at work: The control segment constantly monitors the GPS constellation and uploads information to satellites to provide maximum user accuracy Your GPS receiver collects information from the GPS satellites that are in view. Your GPS receiver accounts for errors. For more information, refer to the Sources of Errors. Your GPS receiver determines your current location, velocity, and time. Fig.7. GPRS Architecture

5 CONCLUSION The Regional environmental monitoring and management system might offer various benefits. It provides monitoring services for remote areas Due to its ability to automatically upload to the internet, one correctly placed system can provide easily accessible weather data for the whole community. It can be used to predict the foray of bad climate using signs such as changing temperature and humidity. Increasing the consciousness of how society is affected the region's environmental policies and have the knowledge basis to push for the change. [8] C. Lynch, Big data: How do your data grow?, Nature, vol. 455, no. 7209, pp , [9] H. Reuter, U. Middelhoff, F. Graef, R. Verhoeven, T. Batz, M. Weis, and B. Breckling, Information system for monitoring environmental impacts of genetically modified organisms, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 17, no. 8, pp , [10] Y. Lin, X. Duan, C. Zhao, and L. Xu, Systems Science: Methodological Approaches. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, REFERENCES [1] E. Welbourne, L. Battle, G. Cole, K. Gould, K. Rector, S. Raymer et al., Building the Internet of things using RFID: The RFID ecosystem experience, IEEE Internet Comput., vol. 13, no. 3, pp , May Jun [2] N. Niu, L. Xu, and Z. Bi, Enterprise information systems architecture analysis and evaluation, IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 9, no. 4, pp , Nov [3] M. Haklay, From Environmental Information Systems to Environmental Informatics: Evolution and Meaning. London, U.K.: Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Univ. College London, [4] L. Xu, Z. Li, S. Li, and F. Tang, A decision support system for product design in concurrent engineering, Decis. Support Syst., vol. 42, no. 4, pp , [5] N. M. Avouris and B. Page, in Environmental Informatics: Methodology and Applications of Environmental Information Processing, B. Page, Ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer, [6] J. Sun, A summary on the management of information science on natural resources, Resour. Sci., vol. 9, no. 4, pp , [7] J. Sun, The Spring Up of Res-Informatics and the Regional Sustainable Development Research, in the Research Corpus of Natural Resources Explore Forty Years. Beijing, China: Chinese Science and Technology Press, 1996.