Wireless Monitoring of Agricultural Environment and Greenhouse Gases and Control of Water flow through Fuzzy Logic

Transcription

1 Wireless Monitoring of Agricultural Environment and Greenhouse Gases and Control of Water flow through Fuzzy Logic Nusrat Ansari 1, Himanshu Phatnani 2, Akash Yadav 3, Sanket Sakharkar 4, Akshay Khaladkar 5 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, VESIT, Chembur, Mumbai, India 2,3,4,5 UG Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, VESIT, Chembur, Mumbai, India Abstract The rapid development and miniaturization of sensor devices, and the recent advances in wireless communication and networking technologies, are allowing scientists and engineers to develop networks of small sensors that can be used to continuously monitor the health and stability of the environment. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a number of spatially distributed sensors with computing, processing and communication capabilities that can continuously sense and transmit data to a base station, where data can be processed and observed in real time. This project provides a detailed study and implementation of a WSN for monitoring of environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, greenhouse gas levels. A wireless sensor network was implemented using an Arduino microcontroller and GSM module for transmitting the data to the Receiver station through SMS, where this transmitted data is collected and passed on to the Fuzzy logic toolbox programmed in MATLAB via an Android App. Fuzzy logic analyses all the environmental parameters and combining results water flow in the field via irrigation is controlled so that soil gets an appropriate amount of water depending on environmental conditions. Keywords Wireless sensor network [WSN] ; agricultural environment; temperature measurement; light measurement; soil moisture measurement; greenhouse gas content measurement ;GSM module ; Arduino microcontroller ; MATLAB software ; Fuzzy logic I. INTRODUCTION Sensor Networks have been deployed for a wide variety of applications [1] and awareness has increased with regards to implementing technology into an agricultural environment [2]. Manual collection of data for chosen factors can be sporadic and produce variations from incorrect measurement taking; this can cause complications in controlling any important factors[2][3] Wireless sensor nodes can reduce effort and time required for monitoring a particular environment. Monitoring systems can ensure quicker response to roll factors and conditions, better quality control of produce and lower labor. The utilization of technology would allow for remote measurement of factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, soil moisture, water level, light detection and greenhouse gases content. There seems to be increased development aimed towards wireless solutions in comparison to wired-based systems. Today s technology watchword is wireless. Wireless technology is one that is becoming all pervasive. When generating the idea for this project, the likely scenario considered was deployment of wireless technology for communication and control in agriculture as a part of modern farming techniques. The wireless sensor network investigates being a comparatively self- organizing system [2]. It allows sensor nodes to connect to a network and have their data and transmit it over a distance where sensed data can be used for controlling actions. A WSN s consist of small Sensors each which specific parameter sensing capability, sensors are interfaced to the microcontroller and microcontroller is interfaced with the GSM module for the transmission of the collected data by the sensors. The measurements can be taken in fixed time intervals or based on an event driven model [1][6]. The data collected by the sensors is then sent to a base station where the data can be stored for analysis and processing. The application of WSN for environmental monitoring has been studied in the literature. For example, in [1], WSNs were used to collect information about greenhouse gases. In this paper, we present the implementation and testing of a real time agricultural environmental monitoring system using wireless sensor networks, capable of measuring temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light intensity and greenhouse gas like CH4 concentration levels. The network consists of various sensors, microcontroller and GSM module as the Wireless communication module. The captured data is made available to the user through a SMS which contains all the sensed values in listed format h which is then passed to MATLAB which is programmed using Fuzzy Control Logic for taking Controlling of the water supply to the agricultural field depending on the results of the sensed data. The rest paper of the paper is organized in following way, in section II we present to the Wireless Sensor Network architecture and design considerations with detailed description of transmitter section receiver section and controlling action. 399

2 Section III explains the detailed working of the network and control action. Section IV gives details of the components of the project. Finally the section V gives conclusion and future work. II. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE The key considerations required for practical application of the system Ability for battery operation of the network. Integration with various sensors for monitoring agricultural environmental factors of interest Simple and easy design of the network Adjustable timings for communication reporting of the sensed values Portability of the system Ease of operation at the base station. Automated controlling action based on the collected data. Low cost implementation of the network. The system developed is based on arduino microcontroller and SIM 900 A GSM module in order to communicate data to the base station. Various Sensors of interest are interfaced with the arduino microcontroller, which is then interfaced to SIM 900 A GSM module for communication using SMS service. The proposed system block diagram is shown in Fig. 1.. At user defined intervals data is sensed by the sensors and transmitted to the base station or the Receiver station which will have a processing unit with MATLAB. Receiver will receive the sensed data through SMS from the GSM module, SMS will be converted to a text file by the use of an android application which will generate a text file which will be passed to the computer or processor through android debugging bridge, which will directly pass on the text file to the computer wirelessly. The text file generated will be used by the MATLAB for fuzzy control logic. A. Transmitter Node Fig.1 Implementation Block Diagram To achieve a power efficient network, open source and low-power consumption hardware were used to implement the transmitter. The structure of the transmitting nodes and the final product are shown in Fig. 2. The Transmitter section consists of Arduino Microcontroller board for interfacing various sensors, various sensors like temperature, soil moisture, humidity, light intensity sensor, greenhouse gas level sensor and the SIM 900 A GSM module which is the wireless communication module. GSM module operates at a dual band frequency 1800/900 MHz, works on regulated 12 V power supply.. It is suitable for SMS, Voice as well as DATA transfer application in M2M interface. The sensors consist of humidity sensor HSM 20 G with a power consumption of <350mw at 5V. 400

3 The HSM-20G is an analog that outputs analog voltage respects to relative humidity. The light intensity sensor is BH1750FVI digital light intensity sensor with a current consumption of <200mA at 5V it converts illumination into digital data. Sensor used for sensing temperature is LM35 precision centigrade temperature sensor Calibrated Directly in Celsius (Centigrade), Rated for Full 55 C to 150 C Range operating at 5 V power supply. Soil moisture level sensor which gives output in terms of percentage. Soil moisture sensors are selfcalibrating for all soil types and conditions and are unaffected by salty soil conditions or soils with a high ph. Soil moisture readings are within ±3% of the actual volumetric soil moisture content. Measurement ranges from 5% moisture to fully saturated soil. The greenhouse gas i.e. methane sensor used is MQ 4 which gives the methane content of the atmosphere. To program the Arduino controller in the transmitter node, the Arduino open source environment was used where the C++ programming language was utilized. For each sensor, using the data sheets provided by the manufacturer, a distinct code and library was implemented.. The function of the transmitter node is summarized below Collect real time data from each sensor at user defined time interval. Process the inputs from each sensor using the corresponding sensor code. Transmit the sensed data via SMS using GSM module SIM 900 A to the receiver station at user defined time interval. B. Receiver Station The receiver station or the receiver gets the sensed data transmitted by GSM module SIM 900 A in the form of SMS, for our proposed design receiver should be equipped with an Android Operated Smart Phone. The SMS received of the sensed data is on the android phone gets converted into a text file via our developed android application which converts the SMS of the sensed values into a text file. Fig 3 a shows the snapshot of the received SMS on to the mobile phone of the receiver. The SMS gets passed on to our developed android application which converts the SMS with the Values into a text file,the idea behind converting into a text file was to use the sensed data for passing it to the processing unit for controlling actions. In this project we are using MATLAB software which has a FUZZY logic toolbox. Fig. 3 a. Snapshot of SMS received on the receiver s android mobile phone. The text file obtained from android app is passed to the processing unit or computer automatically using Android Debugging Bridge, which is a bridge created between the computer and Android phone when both the mobile phone and the computer are connected to one common Wi-Fi. Once this text file is passed to to the MATLAB in which Fuzzy Logic toolbox is programmed to take action to control the water flow in the field. The function of the Receiving station is summarized below. To Receive Sensed data via SMS from the transmitter in real time To convert SMS into text file through an Android application Transfer the text file to MATLAB for controlling action of the water flow in the field. Fig 2. Structure of transmitter 401

4 C. Fuzzy Control logic in MATLAB Fuzzy logic is widely used in a machine control. The term "fuzzy" refers to the fact that the logic involved can deal with concepts that cannot be expressed as the "true" or "false" but rather as "partially true". Although alternative approaches such as genetic algorithms and neural networks can perform just as well as fuzzy logic in many cases, fuzzy logic has the advantage that the solution to the problem can be cast in terms that human operators can understand, so that their experience can be used in the design of the controller [7][8]. This makes it easier to mechanize tasks that are already successfully performed by humans. In our system we use Fuzzy logic in MATLAB is used for controlling of the stepper motor which is interfaced with the main water supply tap of the agricultural field depending on the moisture level of the field and temperature of the atmosphere fuzzy logic decides at what flow water should be supplied to the field.figure 4 shows the screenshot of the fuzzy logic toolbox in MATLAB and conditions defined as per environmental conditions of the water flow Fig 4. Fuzzy logic Condition box Fig 4. Shows the example where temperature sensed fall in the low range category, ranges are predefined by the user, water level of soil i.e. soil moisture sensed is very high implies water supply flow should be slow so fuzzy logic selects the slow condition implying the tap will be rotated by a smaller angle. Thus various conditions are defined of the water level of the soil and temperature and depending on both the parameters water flow is decided to be slow medium fast very fast and no supply, supply flow is directly proportional to the angle rotation of the water supply tap. More number of conditions can be defined as per user requirements. III. WORKING OF THE PROJECT Step 1: The sensors placed in the field interfaced with the Arduino microcontroller sense real time values at user defined intervals and pass the sensed values to the Arduino microcontroller. Step 2: Arduino microcontroller passes all the sensed values to the GSM module which generates an SMS of all the sensed parameter and transmits the SMS to the receiver or the receiving station. Step 3: Receiving station or the receiver will get the SMS of all the sensor outputs on the Android operated mobile phone. Step 4: SMS received gets converted to a text file by an Android application for converting SMS to text file. Step 5: Text file generated by the Android application is wirelessly gets transferred to the computer or the processing unit through Android Debugging Bridge. Step 6: Text file is inputted to MATLAB software which contains FUZZY logic toolbox, using Fuzzy logic a program was implemented which determines various conditions of the water level of the soil taking into consideration all the Sensed values. Step 7: Now according to the determined condition of the water level of the soil Fuzzy logic decides by how much water has to be supplied to the field, this water flow is controlled by stepper motor which is connected to the main water supply tap of the agricultural field. For e.g.: Water content present in the soil is low and temperature of the atmosphere are high this means the agricultural field has to supplied with large amount of water, so fuzzy logic issues the command to Stepper Motor to rotate the tap by a larger angle so that more amount of water is supplied to the agricultural field and vice versa if soil moisture levels are high and temperature is at moderate levels thus Fuzzy logic issues commands to the stepper Motor to rotate the Water supply tap by a smaller angle. Time intervals for which tap will be on is same for both the conditions. Table 1 shows the tap rotation in s by the stepper motor taking into account soil moisture and temperature of the environment. Thus using all the Sensed values by the Sensors at the time we can control the water supply of an agricultural field 402

5 Temperature Low Ex. 0C Medium Ex. 20C High Ex. 40C Medium Ex. 30C A. Hardware used TABLE I Soil Moisture Level Very high Ex. 100% medium Ex. 50% Very low Ex. 0% high Ex. 70% Water flow Slow fast Very fast medium IV. COMPONENTS REQUIRED Ta rotation in s Ex.0 Ex.240 Ex.325 Ex.155 a) Arduino Microcontroller Board b) GSM SIM 900 A module c) HSM 20 G humidity Sensor d) LM35 temperature sensor e) Soil moisture Sensor f) BH1750FVI light intensity sensor g) MQ 4 methane gas i.e. greenhouse gas sensor. h) Stepper Motor for water supply tap controlling i) Stepper motor driver circuit. B. Software Packages used a) MATLAB for Fuzzy Control Logic b) Android operating system. V. FUTURE WORK AND CONCLUSION A Wireless sensor network was successfully implemented for monitoring agricultural environmental parameters and greenhouse gases and was tested for real time. The sensed data is transmitted to the receiver station through via SMS by GSM module. Receiving station converts the SMS into a text file and this text file is passed to the FUZZY control logic toolbox in MATLAB for taking controlling actions of water flow in the field depending on the soil moisture contents and atmospheric conditions. Further enhancements to this project that can be done is to log the sensed data into server which can be used for research and analysis work of the soil conditions and predicting the future atmosphere and soil health. The communication between the transmitter and the receiver is crucial to collect the data without any interruption. Currently, the arduino microcontroller and the GSM module operate on external 12 v power supply in transmitter section. In the next phase of the project, the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy will be studied. Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication- V.E.S. Institute of Technology for their support in making the paper REFERENCES [1] Lambebo, Ashenafi, and Sasan Haghani. "A Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases." [2] Mendez, Gerard Rudolph, Mohd Amri Md Yunus, and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. "A WiFi based smart wireless sensor network for monitoring an agricultural environment." Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2012 IEEE International. IEEE, [3] A. Aziz, M. H. Hasan, M. J. Ismail, M. Mehat, and N. S. Haron, Remote monitoring in agricultural greenhouse using wireless sensor and short message service (SMS), International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET Vol: 9 No: 9 [4] J. Yang and X. Li, Design and implementation of low-power wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security, Beijing, China, June 2010, pp [5] Guillermo Barrenetxea, Francois Ingelrest, Gunnar Schaefer, and Martin Vetterli. Wirless Sensor Network for Environmantal Monitoring : The SesnsorScope Experience, Proc. of 2008 International Zurich Seminar on Communications, Zurich, Switzerland, March 2009, pp [6] N. Giannopoulos, C. Giannopoulos, A. Kameas Design Guidelines for Building a Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring Proc. of 2009 Panhellenic Conference on Informatics, Corfu Greek,September 2009, pp [7] Guillemin, Pierre. "Fuzzy logic applied to motor control." Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on 32.1 (1996): [8] Mohamed Fayek, Haytham. "Fuzzy Logic Based Motor Control." (2011). 403