Multiport Technology

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2 Multiport Technology Introduction Guiding and superposition of RF signals In a passive component Wave interference The multiport network acts as an interferometer It guides high frequency signals (waves) through different paths so that they are superimposed The signals interfere The result is a pattern from which information about the signals can be extracted Optical interferometry is an traditional laboratory technique used for accurate measurements The electrical interferometer relies on the fact that signals at GHz-frequencies have so small wavelengths, that small path differences results in measurable phase and amplitude differences 2

3 V + ejωt Multiport Technology αv + ej(ωt-90 ) αv + ej(ωt-180 ) Quadrature coupler Wilkinson power divider Microwave Passive Components The multiport network consists of microwave passive components based on quarter-wave (λ/4) transmission lines Example above: Quadrature coupler Design aspects: Designed for operation frequency, f 0 They can be improved in terms of larger bandwidth Are characterized by small deviations against theoretical phase- and amplitude-expected values The occupied area is inversely proportional with operation frequency, f 0 3

4 Multiport Technology Applications 1970 s: Accurate measurements of the complex reflection coefficients 1994: Microwave and millimeter wave radio receivers Today: Network analysis: Reflection coefficients, phase and frequency analysis Data transmission: Direct modulation/demodulation at RF/MW frequencies with low-power and low-costs Radar, automotive: Distance and angle-of-arrival measurements Radar, medical: Heartbeat and respiration rate measurements Automotive and medical radar applications Low-power, broadband communication systems Multi-port Multi-port 4

5 Research at Comelec Z 4 Z 2 Q H 90 a 6 6 H 90 a j 6 2 Γ2 Γ4 a W b 5 LO Zo a 6 2 Γ Γ j a Zo l H 90 Z 1 Z QAM constellation diagram of the RF modulated signal 5

6 Research at Comelec 1 3 b 1 b I H 90 Zo W a 5 LO LNA a 6 6 H 90 5 H b 2 b Q Radio receiver Multiport demodulator implementation The local oscillator (LO) is connected at port 5 The received RF signal is amplified by the low-noise amplifier (LNA) and applied at port 6. Square-low matched power detectors are connected to the output ports 1 to 4 of the circuit. The output signals are linear phase shifted combination of inputs Two differential amplifiers are used to obtain the quadrature I- and Q-signals The circuit can operated either in direct conversion or low intermediate frequency (IF) schemes 6

7 Research at Comelec Multiport modulator with ROGER 4350B Constellation of the RF signal Mbit/s 1.2 Gbit/s Pros of the Multiport Technology The main advantage is the reduced LO power to operate in both Tx- and Rx-mode Broadband operation, hence high data rate High linearity Very accurate phase difference detector Integrability with other high performance RF components Low-cost Short time from design to prototype Cons of the Multiport Technology Relatively low-sensitivity Large dimensions at lower frequencies 7

8 Multiport technology is a flexible but unitary RF/MW technology for: High-data rate data transmission with low-power consumption Network analysis Localization purposes Distance measurements Angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurements Vibration analysis based on ultra-high resolution measurements (one-digit micrometer or nanometer range) Contact person: Adriana Serban adriana.serban@liu.se

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11 Internet of Things Internet (HTTP, ) Web of Things Wireless Internet Sensors, actuators, RFID, robots Wireless technologies: 3G/4G, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 6-LoWPAN Wireless sensor networks 11

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14 Around 30 deployment sites and 11 sensors + radio transmitters per site Vasa museum Linköping Cathedral Swimming house in Norrköping University Hospital in Uppsala Heritage house on Gotland 14

15 Kit 3 Kit 2 Kit 1 Wirelesss sensor networks Kit 4 15

16 Sensor/Tag-1 R1 R2 R4 Radio R3 R3 Reader User Sensor/Tag-2 R5 Routers R6 16

17 World-leading IOT technology with cloud service Proven in the Church/Museum and Hospital environments Flexible for third-party cooperation Long radio range with mesh network Low power consumption (10 year battery lifetime with 15-min sampling interval) Secure solution with encryption (AES128) Robust system: measured data is saved in sensor modules first and then forwarded to the local server and finally the web server Low cost Contact person: Shaofang Gong,

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