54th International FITCE Congress Federation of Telecommunications Engineers of the European Community Wrocław, 3-5 September 2015

Transcription

1 54th International FITCE Congress Federation of Telecommunications Engineers of the European Community Wrocław, 3-5 September 2015 Title: The utilization of modern wireless access systems and techniques for communication enhancement and safety improvement in the miningindustry Presenter: Dr. Kamil Staniec Wroclaw University of Technology Facultyof Electronics, Department of Telecommunications and Teleinformatics

2 PART I Feasibility studies of a wireless communication network in closed environments typical to mines, with the use of solutions compliant with the WiMAX standard

3 Agenda Systems overview Mine environment and measurement methods Measurements results Quality of Service in the VoIP network Summary 3 of 44

4 Systems with WiMax interface Bandwidth[GHz] System 1 System 2 UL: DL: Duplex TDD TDD, FDD Channel width [MHz] 1.75; 3.5; ; 3.5; 7.0 Modulation/ coding efficiency BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, FEC (1/2, 2/3, 3/4) BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, FEC (1/2, 2/3, 3/4) Max. transmit power Antenna of base station (BSR) Antenna of client terminal 27dBm (BSR) 22dBm (client) integrated, 10dBi, vertical polarization integrated, 10dBi, vertical polarization 27dBm (BSR) 18dBm (client) external, horn external, 19dBi 4 of 44

5 Systems with WLAN interface (IEEE b/g/n) System 3 System 4 Bandwidth [GHz] Standard b/g n Channel width[mhz] 5, 10, 20 20, 40 Max. transmit power 28dBm 18dBm Transmission technique CCK, OFDM OFDM 5 of 44

6 WiMax system operating in 1.5 GHz band Client terminal ProST Base station BSR 6 of 44

7 WiMax system operating in 3.5 GHz band Base station Client terminal 7 of 44

8 Mine environment BSR BSR 8 of 44

9 Corridors map - enlargement 30m Vertical crosssection of the straight corridor 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m Corridors in the grid structure 9 of 44

10 Radiowave propagation (1/3) Modeling of EM field intensity distribution in mine environment Developing a model (and software) to simulate the radiowave propagation in the mine: power decreasing in the side corridors ( justified usage of repeaters); taking into account the walls irregularities improves the accuracy of calculations. Real irregularities of walls (real case) Perfectly flat walls (unreal case) 295 m Tx Tx 380 m 10 of 44

11 Radiowave propagation (2/3) Radiowave path loss as a function of distance from transmitter (Tx): Tx Distance = 230 m 10 RECEIVED POWER [dbm] ,9 GHz 1,4 GHz 2,45 GHz 3,5 GHz DISTANCE [M] 11 of 44

12 Radiowave propagation (3/3) Comparison of the radiowave propagation at the mine and in the free space: - signal in the mine is less attenuated due to the tunneling energy in corridors. 10 RECEIVED POWER [dbm] ,9 GHz MINE ,5 GHz 200 MINE 0,9 GHz FREE SPACE 3,5 GHz FREE SPACE DISTANCE [M] 12 of 44

13 Network topology during measurements NIA NIA Laptop A ~ ~ Zasilanie Power supply BSR AP + antenna antena CPE Zasilanie Power supply Laptop B 13 of 44

14 Measurement stations 14 of 44

15 Systems throughput in the straight corridor Throughput [Mb b/s] WiMax 1,5GHz WiMax 3,5GHz WLAN 0,9GHz Distance [m] 15 of 44

16 Throughput of n system in the straight corridor 160,00 140,00 Mb/s] Throughput Przepustowość [Mb/ /s] 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 Throughput [Mb/s] WiMax 1,5GHz WiMax 3,5GHz WLAN 0,9GHz 20,00 0, Distance [m] Odległość [m] Distance [Mb/s] 16 of 44

17 Transmission delay in the straight corridor Delay [ms s] WiMax 1,5GHz WiMax 3,5GHz WLAN 0,9GHz Distance [m] 17 of 44

18 Map of the grid structure with measurements points 18 of 44

19 Systems throughput in the grid structure 1/ WiMax 3,5GHz WLAN 0,9GHz Wimax 1,5GHz ] Throughput Prz ep u sto wość [Mb/s] [Mb/s] Numer punktu pomiarowego Number of measurement point 19 of 44

20 Systems throughput in the grid structure 2/2 WiMax 3.5GHz WLAN 0.9GHz WiMax 1.5GHz 20 of 44

21 Transmission delay in the grid structure 45,0 40,0 35,0 WiMax 3,5GHz WLAN 0,9GHz WiMax 1,5GHz Delay [ms] 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0, Number of measurement point 21 of 44

22 RTLS systems RTLS Real Time Location Systems 22 of 44

23 Location system in the mine Miners location Define restricted areas Location of people injured in accidents Machinery and equipment location Define restricted areas Reports of the equipment usage 23 of 44

24 System topology Tags system parts on the user side active or passive provide location and access control Reader collecting information from tags conducting a preliminary analysis of the results transfer results to the software platform Software platform analysis of measurement results visualization of the tags location control of user location RTLS system integration with software company 24 of 44

25 Straight corridor 30m!!! BSR BSR 8 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m 6 Measurement Wartość błędu error Błąd Error [m] [m] Błąd Error [%] [%] ,6 21,1 26,9 32,5 38,5 44,8 50,8 56,6 62,6 68,4 74,4 79,4 85,2 90,7 95,7 100,7 105,7 110,7 115,7 120,7 125,7 Punkt pomiarowy [m] Distance [m] 25 of 44

26 Grid structure Measurement Wartość błędu error r Błąd Error [m] [m] Błąd Error [%] [%] Punkt pomiarowy [m] Distance [m] 26 of 44

27 System architecture Optical fiber BSR BSR BSR Backbone network ~ 500m WT Access network WT WT AC T T T ~ 200m BSR WiMax base station WT WiMax terminal PD WLAN access point T WLAN terminal (laptop, IP phone) 27 of 44

28 Testbed for hybrid WiMax/WLAN network M icrom ax base station SIP server ProST term inal A ProST term inal B g access point A g access point B g term inal VoIP phone VoIP phone g term inal 28 of 44

29 Wireless broadband system in the mine WiMax base station WiMax terminal WLAN access point WLAN terminal (laptop, phone) 29 of 44

30 Test results - VoIP services efficiency AP B AP A 30 of 44

31 Podsumowanie pomiarów The greatest range (approx. 500 m) was obtained with 1.5 GHz WiMax system. Throughput approx. 1 Mb/s was reached at the border point of range (for a single VoIP call is required approx. 30 kb/s) The measured transmission delay of 30ms does not affect the quality of services (the maximum allowed value is 150 ms). WiMax systems could be used in the backbone network systems, WLAN in the access network. The possibility of using modern wireless systems in the mine environment was confirmed. 31 of 44

32 PART II A system for fatigue management of workers employed in underground hard coal mines

33 Purpose of the project To create a complete system for fatigue management with underground workers of coal mines with a particular focus on a teleinformatic system prototype for enhancing decision-making process in supervising work safety and fatigue level of coal mine workers 33 of 44

34 Purpose of the project To create a complete system for fatigue management with underground workers of coal mines with a particular focus on a teleinformatic system prototype for enhancing decision-making process in supervising work safety and fatigue level of coal mine workers 34 of 44

35 Why coal mines? 1. The greatest numer of death accidents reported of all mine types: Coal mines Brown coal mines Copper mines 2. Tiredness increasingly often indicated as a major cause of accidents! 35 of 44

36 Why? Improve work safety creates benefits in a human (health, life) but also economical (costs) sense: Total costs of accident (lethal or heavy): K T = (K CS + K PMiT + K N + K Z + K ZP + K SM + K N + K Ś +K O ) O, where:» K CS cost of wasted time due to accident;» K PMiT cost of medical aid and transportation;» K N cost of overting;» K Z cost of replacement;» K ZP cost of disruption at work proces;» K SM cost of material losses;» K C cost of compensation;» K O other costs;» 0 compensation paid by insurance companies (lowering the total cost). Average K T : keur; in 2012 y. alone: 22 lethal + 11 heavy accidents 50 mln EUR 36 of 44

37 How? 1. Quantify tiredness by means of measuring objective health-related parameters (individually, per miner) 2. Send regular reports to supervision center; 3. Supervisors: react appropriately to the received parameters: assign the miner a lighter work; put the miner to rest for a while; stop the miner immediately; DECISION FLOW DATA FLOW There have been found three factors most responsive to tiredness 37 of 44

38 How to parametrize tiredness? Evaluation of tiredness degree based on the measurement of (comparison with threshold values): 1. pulse 2. Hemoglobin oxygenation (SpO 2 ) Device: Pulse oxymeter 3. skin acidity Device: Ph meter 38 of 44

39 The Coffee Biosensor a complex device for measuging fatigue parameters SpO 2, pulse sensor A microprocessor platform with a radio chip (ZigBee) ph sensor 39 of 44

40 The final system components The Cofee biosensor (Common Outdoor Fatigue Ear Sensor) - integrated with a miner s helmet, subject to personalization; Coffee An ICT system IFA (Integrated Fatigue Controller), with Cofee as a receptor; An early-warning computer application EWA (Early-Warning system) preventing foreseeable accidents due to the miner s fatigue. 40 of 44

41 The idea of an ICT system for fatigue management A lab biosensor demonstrator for sending a miner s personal tiredness information to the database. 41 of 44

42 Określenie wartości progowych zmęczenia SpO2, pulse and skin ph measured during treadmill examination: personalization: threshold values determined of various phases of tiredness; uploading thresholds into miners personal Cofee s. 42 of 44

43 The final system 3-tier architecture Tier 3 (database) DATABASE (global) DATA VISUALIZATION/ DECISION/STORAGE (website with GUI) Tier 2 (WLAN) Access segment Distribution segment 2,4 GHz / 5 GHz ~100 m 2,4 GHz / 868 MHz ~100 m ~100 m Tier 1 (ZigBee) SpO2 Pulse ph Display Disp 43 of 44

44 The system equipment: the Libelium s solution Meshlium Database WLAN WLAN Cofee 44 of 44

45 Time for questions 45 of 44

46 The ICT network componenets: the access segment A system for collecting and sending information from miners biosensors (Cofee) to the concentrator (ZigBee transmission) 46 of 44

47 The ICT network components: the distribution segment - the fatigue information sent from the concentrators to the control center - the chain topology, based on the WLAN standards. 47 of 44

48 The ICT network components: the acquisition/storage/decision segment The segment includes: A high-capacity redundant database; An access and data visualization block: data processing, dangerous events prediction, anomaly detection in the measured fatigue parameters; generating periodic (or on-demand) statistics; visualization (with filtering) of the gatherered; decision-making proces. 48 of 44

49 The whole ICT system architecture A hybrid architecture of the data transmission system for carrying fatiguerelated information, spanning all three segments CONCENTRATOR Signal distribution DATABASE (local) ZigBee comm. w/miners Fibre optic chain ~100 m ~100 m DATABASE (global) DATA VISUALIZATION/ DECISION/STORAGE (website with GUI) Team of miners (basic version) Ad-hoc group Team of miners (extended version) Fibre optic chain WLAN ~300 m ~300 m ~300 m Grupa ad-hoc 49 of 44