WiMAX. Enabling a world of broadband wireless opportunities. All rights reserved 2006, Alcatel

Transcription

1 WiMAX Enabling a world of broadband wireless opportunities MVD Telcom 2006 Ing. Armando Regusci

2 Agenda Introduction Market Drivers Wimax Key Technologies WiMAX Standardization Overview e Performance & Apps Conclusions

3 WiMAX -Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access -Wireless Broadband Access -IP/Ethernet based - Point-to-Multipoint Microwave : up to 15km -Non Line of Sight -Cellular coverage design - Standard-based : IEEE Cost-effective -Supported by more than 380 industry players to make it interoperable

4 Agenda Introduction Market Drivers Wimax Key Technologies WiMAX Standardization Overview e Performance & Apps Conclusions

5 How is access evolving? It is going Broadband It is going Wireless Increasing demand for multimedia data hungry applications Fixed triple play is a reality Multiple types of usage: professional, entertainment, radio &TV Access to services everywhere with every terminals Means to address copper-less areas End-user s readiness to pay mobile premium Broadband Wireless Access

6 Business drivers: Offer the ideal solution for the end users Voice Data Mobility Video + High Speed Internet / Data Always on VoIP: A strong telecommunications industry trend High Speed Internet Peak rate: 8 Mbps DL, 256 Kbps UL, unlimited volume Mobile TV Few Broadcast channels and 100+ Unicast channels for unlimited usage Mobile Gaming Full interactivity, low latency for both server-based or peer-to-peer gamers Leveraging the location + presence + speed info to enhance level of game Differentiated and advanced features for high end user Affordable voice and internet services for low income users

7 WiMAX 16e empowers operators to address two main end users markets Next Billion users End-user is expecting low cost voice and internet connectivity Operators want to address untapped customer base Combine BB connectivity and voice enabled services (VoIP) Kiosk, residential and nomadic Next generation Mobile Broadband users User is ready to pay premium for a new breed of applications Operators want to get more value from existing customer base Broadband in the pocket (e.g. mobile office, gaming) Mobile IPTV in addition to Voice, Data, Video Enable new mass market Convergence on WiMAX e

8 Seamless Services Make it transparent IP Telephony Interactive TV Video Telephony Net Surfing Online Gaming Mobile Interactive Broadband Wireline Broadband Wireless Broadband Mobile At Home On the Pause On the Move At the Office Seamless Broadband Experience

9 WiMAX terminal roadmap drastic price drop & Affordability as effect of standardization Price range 250$ Outdoor CPE WiFi 2 phones 4 PC Multi-users CPE Yearly sales (k units) x phone 200$ 1 PC Simple CPE $ PCMCIA x $ Low Cost CPE Embedded $ x x

10 Operators strategic moves Fixed operators expansion (integration in Fixed Networks) Fixed operators Fixed DSL WiMAX WiMAX WiMAX On the pause WiMAX 2G/EDGE 3G/HSDPA Mobile operators expansion (integration in Mobile Networks) Full Mobile Full IP RAN Approach Beyond 3G Mobile operators New Entrants / ISPs

11 Make the right technology choice Complementary access solutions for different mobility and nomadic needs Speed/user Laptop High-end PDA PDA with phone Phone Very High High Medium Fibre xdsl Wired Satellite WiFi WiMAX TDD TD-SCDMA* HSDPA UMTS/FDD EDGE/GPRS Mobility Fixed On the pause Always on On the move Hot spots Hot zones Global coverage

12 Alcatel 9100 WiMAX solution Improved cell capacity and coverage WiMAX (10 MHz) WiMAX (5 MHz) CDMA2000 EV-DO UMTS TDD (5 MHz) HSDPA FDD (5 MHz) EDGE900 (200 KHz) Average Peak Throughput per Sector WiMAX provides High Peak and Average Throughput and Several Mbps at cell edge Data rate [Kbps] WiMAX RG (2.5GHz) WiMAX PCMCIA (2.5GHz) WiMAX RG (3.5GHz) WiMAX PCMCIA (3.5GHz) CDMA 2000 (2GHz) UMTS TDD (3.5GHz) UMTS TDD (2GHz) HSDPA FDD (2GHz) EDGE 1800 EDGE 900 5MHz Range (km) WiMAX re-use existing 2G/3G sites in urban areas.

13 Agenda Introduction Market Drivers Wimax e Key Technologies WiMAX Standardization Overview e Performance & Apps Conclusions

14 Worldwide spectrum for WiMAX

15 TDD vs. FDD TDD is preferred by Alcatel for WiMAX due to: Efficient handling of asymmetric traffic Compliant with non-paired spectrum or paired spectrum Simpler duplexing circuit in CPE / BS TDD is selected for WiMAX 16e products Channel reciprocity for AAS f Channel Time Frame TDD Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink t f Channel 1 Channel 2 Time Frame Downlink Uplink Downlink FDD Uplink Downlink Uplink t

16 Introduction OFDM(A) Data Subcarriers DC Subcarrier Pilot Subcarriers Guard band Guard band OFDM is the solution for very high data rate transmission Robustness to multi-path / selective fading environments Signal is transmitted on orthogonal narrow-band sub-carriers Robustness is preserved when BW is increased (SOFDMA) Low complexity modulator / demodulator (ifft/fft) and equalizer Flexible allocation (sub-channelling / OFDMA) Spectrum efficiency: Modulation scheme and power adjustable per sub-channel

17 Introduction OFDM: Why? High data rates + Mobile/NLOS environment fi ISI Inter Symbol Interference t t ISI t Short symbol duration Ts = 1/BW 16 QAM, 64 QAM, Multipath High delay spread Function of Symbol duration Delay spread OFDM makes possible radio transmission of large BW signals in NLOS environment

18 Introduction OFDM principle Modulator Serial to parallel Modulator ~ f 1 ~ f 2 + Modulator ~ f 3 High data rate Short bit duration Lower data rate Longer symbol duration f n =n. f Orthogonal subcarriers OFDM = Transmission of high number of orthogonal narrow band signals in parallel

19 Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Principles set of modulation/coding schemes QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM distributed over one sector: SINR distribution automatic selection mechanisms 64QAM 16QAM QPSK Coverage probability (%) QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16-QAM 1/2 16-QAM 3/4 64-QAM 2/3 64-QAM 3/4 Maximum throughput per sector Highest modulation scheme Lowest coding protection Mean throughput offered per sector Contribution of different modulations Average over the area

20 802.16e advanced features SOFDMA SOFDMA: OFDM modulation is also used for Multiple Access DL part UL part Additional flexibility in resource allocation Especially small packets (VoIP) Preamble DL FCH Preamble UL OFDM Preamble UL Preamble FCH Range extension in DL and UL Sub-Channeling is by nature DL part SOFDMA UL part No preamble in UL Pilot for each allocation blocks Preamble FCH Preamble FCH

21 IEEE e SOFDMA OFDMA: Additional Flexibility in Resource Allocation Efficiency UL G ms framing Efficiency DL G ms framing 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% QPSK 1/2 16d (Average 48%) 16e (Average 94%) QPSK 3/4 16QAM1/2 16QAM 3/4 64QAM2/3 64QAM3/4 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16QAM1/2 16d (Average: 74%) 16e (Average: 94%) 16QAM 3/4 64QAM2/3 64QAM3/4 G ms: 78 Bytes / Packet For VoIP Applications:. Max 50% efficiency with d (OFDM). ~ 95% efficiency with e (SOFDMA)

22 Sub-Channelling Principle Trade-off Coverage / UL data cell edge 5 MHz Link Budget + 3,3 db + 9 db Sub-channels: 1 Assumptions PUSC mode 5 MHz # Sub-channels: 8 Reminder +3dB in LKB #Sub-channels: 17 x 2,125 x 8 UL data cell edge -35% sites

23 IEEE e SOFDMA Scalability: Key Benefits SOFDMA: Scalable OFDMA Number of FFT points is adapted to channel bandwidth Similar robustness to multi-path for higher bandwidth Same range when bandwidth is increased OFDM BW SOFDMA BW x2 = 2xBW Sites: + 35% Tg: / 2 2xBW Sites: = Tg: =

24 802.16e advanced features Beamforming From day one in A9100 Alcatel solution Coverage Enhancement AAS beam forming array gain Interference Reduction QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16QAM 1/2 16QAM 3/4 64QAM 2/3 64 QAM 3/4 No AAS explicit interference cancellation general side lobes suppression Capacity Increase Better link quality and coverage probability with beamforming enhanced distribution of SINR

25 Beamforming Coverage Enhancement Number of sites vs. number of antenna elements Number of sites (ratio) 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 2,13 1,39 1 Gains DL: 20.log 10 (M) UL: 10.log 10 (M) Four antenna element linear array gain: Uplink: + 6dB Downlink: + 12dB Number of antennas M 100 sites with 4-element AAS leads to 213 sites without AAS % site in single antenna mode

26 Smart Antenna MIMO Preferred Application Scenarios Independent fading channels Strong fading and large angular spread of multi-paths Typical scenario: BS has a lower height than surrounding reflectors Micro-cellular and hot zones Antenna System requirements Antenna spacing: > coherence distance (several λ) Alternative: use of cross polarised antennas At Tx and Rx (MIMO schemes) Techniques Spatial Diversity: Diversity combining or STC Improved link quality Spatial Multiplexing Maximised data rate and system capacity

27 WiMAX Network Architecture WiMAX RAN OMC-R Billing Center Indoor Outdoor BS Base Station WiMAX Access Control WAC HA AAA server Authentication policy Authorization policy Accounting Proxying policy (Roaming) Access Control Authentication, Authorization, Accounting CAC Traffic routing Mobility Management Services Router with HA function Session Border Controller NGN VoIP INTERNET SIP Controller MGW PSTN PLMN

28 The Proxy Mobile IP approach Inter AC handover is based on Proxy MIP In Proxy MIP the MIP client is in the network and not in the Mobile Station (MS). Except this difference, PMIP is MIP (as defined in RFC 3344) From the Home Agent (HA) standpoint there is NO difference between PMIP and CMIP Why PMIP? No requirement on the MS (MS does not need to host a MIP client) Depending on the MS type (laptop, PDA ) it is not always possible to install a MIP client Having a MIP client on the MS Does not provide any advantage to manage mobility within the Wimax network Could be an advantage to manage inter-technology handover. But requires that the MIP client in the MS be at the OS level (shared among all physical layers). And this is not the case today.

29 Alcatel WiMAX Multi-layer mobility Intra WAC handover Handover between base stations keeping the same Access Controller (WAC) as anchor point (AC). No change of Mobile IP foreign Agent. Inter WAC handover Handover between base stations leading to a change of Access Controller (WAC). Requires a binding update with the Home Agent (HA) e BS BS BS WAC (proxy MIP/FA) WAC (proxy MIP/FA) HA Seamless handover IMS Corporate intra WAC inter WAC MIP is defined in RFC 3344 Session disruption during handover is between 90 and 110 ms Allows to provide seamless handover for non real-time applications VoIP user can experience a short «cut» Internet HA: Home Agent FA: Foreign Agent Near future implementations will provide optimization for full mobility : sub 50ms

30 Quality of Service WiMAX Solution to provide QoS mechanisms for the air interface UGS : Unsolicited Grand Service BE : Best Effort nrt/rtps : non Real/Real Time Polling services QoS ensured in Network through usual IP/MPLS networks methods. QoS Over the Air is triggered from the network Use of Core Session Border Gate (P-CSCF function) PDF function in WAC CAC Over the Air in the BS

31 WiMAX user authentication architecture WAC WAC WiMAX Access AAA AAA Mobile Core Network Applications Head End HLR/HSS Fixed Core Network Applications Head End AAA framework to support different authentication methods PKM-EAP for user authentication (TLS, TTLS, SIM,..) CHAP/EAP-TTLS for secured and simple password based authentication PKM-RSA for device authentication Encapsulation PKMv2 key hierarchy for enhanced protection of control messages AES support for strongest cryptographic algorithm option Flexible authentication methods for every type of operator