The 5th Smart Antenna Workshop 21 April 2003, Hanyang University, Korea Broadband Mobile Technology Fumiyuki Adachi
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1 The 5th Smart Antenna Workshop 21 April 2003, Hanyang University, Korea Broadband Mobile Technology Fumiyuki Adachi Dept. of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan OUTLINE Evolution of Cellular Systems Global System Challenges for Giga- Technology 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 1 Evolution of Cellular Systems Our ultimate goal is to communicate any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is only possible with the aid of wireless technology. systems are now becoming an important infrastructure of our society. Service type Voice Multimedia Narrowband Era 1G 2G ~2.4kbps~64kbps Analog AMPS TACS NTT Digital IS95 IS136 GSM PDC Wideband Era 3G ~2Mbps IMT-2000 Broadband Era 4G ~1Gbps Broadband wireless Year 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 2 Convergence of, Computing and Internet is on the Way Internet Convergence 3G Services Started in Japan The shift to 3G systems is on going. Introduction of IMT2000 services took place in Japan in 2001 High-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) of 8~10Mbps/5MHz is under development. 2GHz bands IMT2000 Network i-mode type cellular Feb Cellular users: 74,368,600 Users connected to Internet: 60,946,100 (82.0%) i-mode: 36,931,000 Ezweb: 12,131,900 J-sky: 11,883, /4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 3 Indoors ~2Mbps Mobile ~144kbps Pedestrian ~384kbps 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 4
2 Evolution of cellular systems Wireles s Access Major Services 1G Analog FDMA Voice 2G Digital TDMA, DS- CDMA Voice Internet (text only) Circuit-and packet switched 3G Digital DS-CDMA 4G Up to bit/s 1 Giga OFDM, CDMA based access IP- Voice Broadband Internet Internet (text, images) Circuit-and Broadband packet - based switched rich Circuitswitched Corenetwork Global System Next generation wireless systems may not be based on a single standard, but a global wireless system that consists of many dedicated wireless systems interconnected by broadband Internet technology Present Future Cellular Growth Global wireless system connected by internet technology Growth LAN 2G/3G Cellular Broadcasting Growth 4G cellular Broadcasting LAN 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ /4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 6 Future vision, ITU-R WP8F (Ottawa, June 2002) Software defined radio may play an important role Mobility High (60 ~250 km/h) Low (Pedestrian speed) Beyond IMT-2000 Digital broadcast system Interconnection IMT2000 Enhanced IMT2000 Enhancement New Mobile Access New nomadic/local Area wireless access New capabilities of systems beyond IMT Peak useful data rate (Mb/s) ITU-R WP8F : Illustration of Capabilities of IMT2000 and Systems Beyond 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 7 Global wireless system to provide nationwide coverage by using different wireless systems Hot spot areas with high multimedia traffic can be covered by hot spot wireless access (wireless LAN type) of 100Mbps~1Gbps Relatively wide hot spot areas are covered by 4G cellular of ~100Mbps Other places can be covered by present 2G/3G cellular systems Giga-wireless technology Common wireless technology for cellular and wireless LAN type applications Very high spectrum efficiency of 5~10 bps/hz is required for 1Gbps transmission over 100MHz bandwidth; multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems will play an important role 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 8
3 Access Network access network may become closer to present wireless LAN but with nationwide mobility management WNC LR IP-based wireless access network IP-based core network Base station WNC: Network Control LR: Location Register 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 9 Challenges for Giga- Technology Data rate Giga-wireless is one of the core technologies for realization of global wireless system 1G 100M 10M 1M 100K 10K LAN Giga- IMT-2000 (3G) 2G cellular (PDC, GSM, IS95) Quasistationarstationary Pedestrian Vehicular Quasi- Stationary Indoor Outdoor Mobility 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 10 Propagation Channel Model Understanding of propagation mechanism is important for system development Transmitted signal is reflected and diffracted by buildings, resulting in a multipath channel Frequency-Spatial Distribution of Multipath Fading 2GHz 200ns Transmitter Distance dependent path loss Blocking Scatterers Reflector receiver Shadowing Multipath fading Random process 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 11 Gain (db) Frequency (MHz) 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ Position (cm)
4 Two Approaches for Giga- DS-CDMA: Time domain spreading Spreading Code sequence Data symbol MC-CDMA:Frequency domain spreading Data symbol Spreading Code sequence 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 13 S/P I F F T P/S DS-CDMA signal MC-CDMA signal Packet Throughput vs. SF (no. users = SF) RCPT Type II HARQ using SP8. MC-CDMA using N c =256 and BPSK. K=1024bits. L=16, f D T 0 =0.01 Throughput (bits/sec/hz) Ec/No=0dB 0.4 Ec/No=4dB Ec/No=8dB 0.2 Ec/No=12dB Ec/No=16dB Ec/No=20dB Spreading factor (SF) 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 14 Access systems A common wireless technology is desirable for construction of cellular and hot spot systems PN#2 PN#3 PN#1 PN#0 PN#4 PN#6 Random TDMA with scheduling PN#5 LAN type (SF=1) Cellular type (SF>1) H. ATARASHI, S. ABETA, M. SAWAHASHI, Variable Spreading Factor-Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (VSF- OFCDM) for Broadband Packet Access, IEICE Trans. 2003/4/21 Commun., Vol.E86-B No.1 pp , Jan FA/Tohoku Univ. 15 Cellular type(sf>1) Real time and non-real time services with relatively low data rate per user LAN type (SF=1) Hot spot areas Non-real time services with very high data rate per user are provided by random TDMA system with appropriate scheduling. An SF=1 system can be extended to a cellular system with the aid of fast selection of transmit cell and adaptive antenna array. 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 16
5 Virtual Cellular System Links for 100Mbps~1Gbps becomes not only interference limited but also severely power limited Propagation loss is in proportion to f 2.6 x transmission rate Peak transmission power for 100Mbps@5GHz is about 135,000 times that of 8kbps@ 2GHz, e.g., 1W --> 135kW. This cannot be allowed Cell size should be reduced by about 29 times (pico-cell, e.g., 1,000m --> 34m cell) Fundamental change in wireless access network architecture is required that allows significant reduction in mobile transmit powers 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 17 Virtual cell consisting of many distributed wireless ports for non-real time IP packet transport Transmit and receive functions are not necessarily installed at all wireless ports Receive-only ports in addition to receive and transmit ports Network control station (a) Virtual cellular Distributed port Central port Base station (b) Conventional cellular 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 18 Virtual cellular system Network Network layer ports Virtual cellular layer Data link layer Central port 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 19 Total average transmit power per virtual cell can be significantly reduced 1 Reverse link MRC SC Forward link MRC SC Total average transmit power ratio (relative) Number K of wireless ports per virtual cell 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 20
6 Advanced Antenna Technology Adaptive antenna array (AAA) system Space-time Transmit Diversity (STTD) system Multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) antenna system N t antennas Tx Multipath channel N r antennas Rx Conclusion A global wireless system was suggested to offer broadband wireless services to cellular and nomadic users Many dedicated wireless systems are efficiently interconnected, including 2~4G cellular systems, wireless LANs, broadcasting systems, etc., each optimized to each communications environment technologies for 4G cellular and wireless LAN type systems Common wireless technology of 100M~1Gbps capability Software defined radio MIMO systems Giga-wireless technology is a challenging research for the coming 10 years 2003/4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ /4/21 FA/Tohoku Univ. 22
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