DUNAREA DE JOS UNIVERSITY OF GALATI Faculty of Automation, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics Engineering ISEEE 2013

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1 DUNAREA DE JOS UNIVERSITY OF GALATI Faculty of Automation, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics Engineering ISEEE th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEEE) October 11-13, 2013 Galaţi, Romania ABSTRACT VOLUME Galati, Romania

2 The full papers will be published in the PROCEEDINGS (International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. USB) IEEE Catalog Number CFP1393K-USB ISBN ISEEE th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEEE) October 11-13, 2013 Galaţi, România Copyright and Reprint Permission: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limit of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA For other copying, reprint or republication permission, write to IEEE Copyrights Manager, IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ All rights reserved. Copyright 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2

3 ISEEE th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEEE) October 11-13, 2013 Galaţi, Romania The reviewers of the ISEEE-2013 Mihaela Albu Politehnica University of Bucharest Dumitru Alexandru Nicolae Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Alexandru Bitoleanu University of Craiova Frede Blaabjerg Aalborg University Ion Bogdan Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Gheorghe Brezeanu POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Maria Brojboiu University of Craiova Sergiu Caraman "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Emil Ceangă "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Gianfranco Chicco Politecnico di Torino Marian Craciun "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Mihai Cretu Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Florin Constantinescu POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Brayima Dakyo Université du havre Carl J. Debono University of Malta Mouloud Denai University of Teesside Radu Dogaru POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Radu Dobrescu POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Enrico De Tuglie Politecnico di Bari Inge Gavat POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Grigore Fetecau "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Adrian Filipescu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Marian Gaiceanu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Octavian Ghita POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest John Hallam The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute Elena Helerea Transilvania University of Brasov Marian Kazmierkowski Warsaw University of Technology Vasile Lazarescu POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Dorin Lucache Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Gheorghe Manolea University of Craiova Viorel Minzu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Valeriu Munteanu Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Cristian Nichita Université du Havre Emilia Pecheanu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Ilie Popa University of Pitesti Claudia Popescu POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Petru Postolache POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Francesco Profumo Politecnico di Torino Mihai Octavian Popescu POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Juha Röning University of Oulu 3

4 Emil Rosu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Sergio Sibilio Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli Maurizio Sasso University of Sannio at Benevento Alecsandru Simion Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Zdenko Šimić Universty of Zagreb Daniela Tarniceriu Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Nicolae Tapus POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest Viorel Trifa Technical University of Cluj Ramon Vilanova Universitat Pompeu Fabra Ion Voncila "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Saurabh Sinha University of Pretoria B.Sami Sazak Pamukkale University Hafız Alisoy İnönü University Vladimir Berzan Institute of Power Engineering of the ASM Jan Haase Institute of Computer Technology Wien Toader Munteanu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Razvan Solea "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Viorel Nicolau "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Mariana Dumitrescu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Bogdan Codres "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Rustem Popa "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Nicolae Badea "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Mihaela Morega Politehnica University of Bucharest Gelu Gurguiatu "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati 4

5 ORGANIZED BY ORGANIZERS "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Romania In cooperation with: Technical Co-Sponsors: Ministry of National Education (Romania) IEEE Region8 IEEE Romania Section IEEE Power Electronics Romania Chapter IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Romania Chapter Honorary Chairs : Francesco PROFUMO (Italy) General-Chair: Marian GAICEANU (Romania) Vice Chairs: Toader MUNTEANU (Romania) Finance Chair: Ciprian VLAD (Romania) Secretary: Rustem Popa (Romania) Marian Piotr Kaźmierkowski (Poland) Viorel MINZU - (Romania) Professional & Industry Liaison Chairs: Mariana Dumitrescu (Romania) Nicolae Badea (Romania) Laurentiu Frangu (Romania) Conference Publication Chair: Marian GAICEANU (Romania) International Program Committee Mihaela Albu (Romania) Hafız Alisoy (Turkey) Nicolae Dumitru Alexandru (Romania) Vladimir Berzan (Moldavia) Alexandru Bitoleanu (Romania) Frede Blaabjerg ( Denmark) Ion Bogdan (Romania) Gheorghe Brezeanu (Electron Devices Society IEEE Romania) Maria Brojboiu (Romania) Sergiu Caraman (Romania) Emil Ceanga (Romania) Gianfranco Chicco (Italy) Sorin Chitu (Romania) Mihai Cretu (Romania) Florin Constantinescu (Romania) Brayima Dakyo (France) Alexa Dimitrie (Romania) Carl J. Debono (IEEE Region 8 Vice-Chair of Technical Activities, Malta) Mouloud Denai (U.K.) Radu Dobrescu (Chair of the IEEE Romania Section) Radu Dogaru (Romania) Marian P. Kazmierkowski (Region 8, Poland) Gheorghe Manolea (Romania) Mihai Mihaita (Romania) Viorel Minzu (Romania) Nicolae Mogoreanu (Moldavia) Valeriu Munteanu (Romania) Cristian Nichita (France) Emilia Pecheanu (Romania) Ilie Popa (Romania) Petru Postolache (Romania) Francesco Profumo (Italy) Claudia Popescu (Romania) Mihai Octavian Popescu (Membership Development IEEE Romania Section) Juha Röning (Finland) Emil Rosu (Romania) Maurizio Sasso (Italy) Sergio Sibilio (Italy) Zdenko Šimić (Chair, IEEE Power & Energy Society Chapter, Croatia) Alecsandru Simion (Romania) Paul Svasta (Romania) Nicolae Tapus (Past Chair of the IEEE Romania Section) 5

6 Luminita Dumitriu (Romania) De Tuglie Enrico (Italy) Grigore Fetecau (Romania) Adrian Filipescu (Romania) Octavian Ghita (Chair of the Instrumentation and Measurements IEEE-IMS Romania) Liviu Goras (Romania) John Hallam (Denmark) Jan Haase (Chair Region 8 Conference Coordination, Austria) Elena Helerea (Romania) Florin Ionescu (Romania) Daniela Tarniceriu (Romania) Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu (Romania) Remus Teodorescu (Denmark) Alberto Tenconi (Italy) Viorel Trifa (Romania) Ramon Vilanova (Spain) Ion Voncila (Romania) B.Sami Sazak (Turkey) Saurabh Sinha (IEEE Region Sections Congress Coordinator, South Africa) 6

7 Technical Committee Chairman: Toader Munteanu (Romania) Vice-Chairmen: Ion Voncila, Gelu Gurguiatu (Romania) Secretary: Razvan Buhosu, Razvan Solea (Romania) Members Alecsandru Simion (Romania) Alexa Dimitrie (Romania) Alexandru Bitoleanu (Romania) B.Sami Sazak (Turkey) Carl J. Debono (Malta) Claudia Popescu (Romania) Cristian Nichita (France) Daniela Tarniceriu (Romania) Elena Helerea (Romania) Emil Ceanga (Romania) Emil Rosu (Romania) Florin Constantinescu (Romania) Florin Ionescu (Romania) Gheorghe Manolea (Romania) Gianfranco Chicco (Italy) Grigore Fetecau (Romania) Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu (Romania) Ilie Popa (Romania) Ion Bogdan (Romania) Jan Haase (Austria) Juha Röning (Finland) Liviu Goras (Romania) Maria Brojboiu (Romania) Marian Gaiceanu-Romania Mariana Dumitrescu (Romania) Mihaela Albu (Romania) Mihai Culea (Romania) Mihai Octavian Popescu (Romania) Nicolae Dumitru Alexandru (Romania) Octavian Ghita (Romania) Paul Svasta (Romania) Petru Postolache (Romania) Radu Dobrescu (IEEE Romania Section) Radu Dogaru (Romania) Ramon Vilanova (Spain) Rustem Popa-Romania Saurabh Sinha (South Africa) Sergiu Caraman (Romania) Sorin Chitu (Romania) Valeriu Munteanu (Romania) Viorel Nicolau Viorel Trifa (Romania) Students Section Chairman: Prof.Dr.Emil Rosu (Romania) Dr. Ciprian-Daniel Balanuta Dr. Adriana Burlibasa Dr. Traian Munteanu Dr. Romeo Paduraru 7

8 Local Organizing Committee Mihaela Andrei Marian Barbu Ciprian Balanuta Razvan Buhosu Adriana Burlibasa Daniela Cernega Bogdan Codres Cristinel Dache Teodor Dumitriu Silviu Epure Gelu Gurguiatu Adrian Serbencu Mihai Vlase Viorel Nicolau Maricel Oanca Romeo Paduraru Ion Paraschiv Rustem Popa Gheorghe Puscasu Razvan Solea Ioan Susnea Cristian Vasilache Sergiu Ivas Adriana Serbencu 8

9 Foreword On behalf of the ISEEE 2013 Committees and from Faculty of Automation, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics Engineering we invite you to participate at the th International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEEE), which will be held in October 2013 at "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania. The Symposium is traditional meeting of researchers, managers, professionals, master and PhD students in order to exchange the experience and opinions with other experts from all over the world. Galati is an old and beautiful town located in the Eastern part of Romania, at the mouth of the Danube, the Siret and the Prut rivers. Galati - is the country's 5th largest town and the biggest port situated on the maritime Danube; it is 80 miles off the Black Sea shore and about 250 km far from Bucharest. It can be reached easily by train or by car from Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The symposium is intended as an international forum where an effective exchange of knowledge and experience amongst researchers active in various theoretical and applied areas of electrical and electronics engineering, power electronics and telecommunications can take place. The objective of the fourth symposium is oriented but not limited to the paradigm of interdependency between electrical and electronic systems. The symposium will provide presentations on the latest trends, in-depth knowledge about achieving the highest level of technology in the field. The event will also provide a variety of workshops, discussions, and exhibitions to fully immerse the attendees in the Symposium pleasant atmosphere. The symposium hotels are located in the heart of the city, near to the Danube. The social activities will also be included, like banquet, and trip on Danube. We sincerely give you our invitation to come in Galati to admire its gorgeous views, wealth of nature and activities, while you will enjoy our meeting information to change ideas through international event ISEEE Sincerely Yours, Marian GAICEANU General Chairman 9

10 SS1 Natural Computing for Image and Video Processing Scientific Session Chairpersons: Radu Dogaru Co-Chairpersons: Ioana Dogaru Paper 16: A Low Complexity Image Sensing Method using Pseudo-Random Scan and Recursive Reconstruction with Radial Basis Functions Radu Dogaru A novel, low complexity image sensing method, reminiscent of compressive sensing is proposed. The image sensing with pseudo-random scan (ISPRS) method allows building efficient smart cameras and reconstruction units and differs from compressive sensing in both measuring and reconstruction stages. Instead of calculating projections of image samples, a counting automaton selects randomly K pixels from the sensing array. In the reconstruction stage, an iterative algorithm with linear complexity in K is employed. Reconstruction of missing samples is done using nonlinear radial basis functions centered on the spatial positions of measured pixels in a recursive process. Consequently, the complexities of both sensing device (camera) and reconstruction units are substantially reduced. Paper 17: A comparison of several classifiers for eye detection on emotion expressing faces Raluca Boia Radu Dogaru Laura Florea In this paper we present a study of three classification methods applied on natural images with the goal of detecting the eye regions. The challenge that we aim to solve is finding the eyes on faces expressing emotions this is extremely difficult because the shape of the facial features changes drastically when the subject goes through an emotional state. We attempt to solve this challenge by looking for eye patterns in an image and categorizing them using neural network classification approaches. The image features used are integral projections encoded by TESPAR method, thus reducing the dimensionality of the problem to vectors of 60 elements we observed that the network classification ability becomes more robust on input samples computed in this manner and the computational complexity is lowered, such that the system gets closer to making real-time decisions. The paper presents experimental results of three classifiers (SVM, Naïve Bayes, MLP) obtained on the Cohn-Kanade reference database. The measurements show that by tuning each classifier properly and by performing a post-processing step, we can obtain accuracies of over 90%. Paper 18: Reaction-Diffusion Cellular Nonlinear Networks for Feature Enhancement in Dermatoscopic Images Ioana Dumitrache Alina Sultana Radu Dogaru Reaction-diffusion cellular neural networks have been studied because of their properties regarding processing time and capability of integration. The possibility of using them in image preprocessing and/or processing and the advantages and disadvantages of doing that are analyzed. The main objective is to find suitable sets of parameters (genes) that can enhance some useful properties of a dermatoscopic image. These properties should later help in processing and classifying images into healthy or suspect. 10

11 Paper 19: A pseudo-random scan perspective to the motion detection paradigm Catalin Mitrea Bogdan Ionescu Radu Dogaru A novel motion detection method is proposed and its properties are investigated. It combines pseudorandom scanning of the image with a simple and efficient feature detector inspired from cellular automata dynamics to detect motion as noisy parts of the scanned image. The proposed method (Pseudo Random Scan combined with Clustering Coefficient - PRS+CC) provides several useful features including fast pattern recognition and can be adapted and implemented to detect motion and extract at some point relevant feature. Experimental results suggest computational efficiency when compared to traditional motion detection approaches. Paper 20: JLCNN: An object-oriented Java package for low complexity neural networks Ioana Dogaru Radu Dogaru In this paper, a Java object-oriented package (abbreviated JLCNN) is presented. Its objective is to implement several low complexity neural networks architectures, for further use in various embedded systems applications. The main advantages of the JLCNN package are the rapid development of various applications based on low complexity neural architectures and the easiness in porting such neural architectures on various computing platforms. As any other object-oriented library it allows reducing the development time for a new software product and provides convenient code maintenance, reusability and portability. The library is also useful for research and educational purposes, as a basic kernel on which new modules can be easily added. For instance it may be expanded to image processing applications. S1 Renewable Energy Sources Scientific Session Chairpersons: Gianfranco Chicco Co-Chairpersons: Ciprian Vlad Paper 28: Residential Microcogenerators for Multifamily Houses Giovanni Angrisani Università degli Studi del Sannio Carlo Roselli Università degli Studi del Sannio Maurizio Sasso Università degli Studi del Sannio Miniaturization of energy conversion devices is an ongoing process which could also be extended to cogeneration systems. Many models of microcogenerators are being commercialized worldwide nowadays. With respect to energy performance, many benefits are expected by these sytems, such as the reduction of cycling losses and of transmission and distribution losses due to distributed generation. Furthermore, the reduction of performance with the size of the device must be considered to evaluate the effective reduction of primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and operating costs. This paper reports the results of an energy, economic and environmental analysis performed on different microcogenerators used to meet energy requirements of a residential building located in Southern Italy. On the basis of thermal and electric load profile of a typical residential user, two configurations have been considered: central and autonomous heating system. Primary energy saving is satisfactory for microcogeneration systems considered, ranging between 16.6 % and 26.4%. A similar results is obtained by environmental parameter with avoided CO2 emission higher than 24%. The economic analysis does not produce positive results due to high specific investment cost of small size cogeneration units and low operating hours per year. Finally the solution based on centralized heating system provides the best results. 11

12 Paper 33: Effect of Developments on a PV System Efficiency Özge Demir Başak Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi B. Sami Sazak Pamukkale University Over the past few decades there have been many developments in photovoltaic panel components and changes also at photovoltaic panel usage and panel locations. Because of the increase in photovoltaic panel efficiencies, while decreasing costs, photovoltaic panel applications are more common in recent years. Photovoltaic panels don t harm environment while they produce electricity, they are silent and do not require moving components. The present work introduces historical development of photovoltaic panels, the place of photovoltaic panels in renewable energy resources, classification of factors that affect photovoltaic systems efficiency. Historical developments of photovoltaic system components explained and every component s effect on photovoltaic system efficiency examined. Finally a cost ignored photovoltaic system with maximum efficiency suggested. Paper 46: Micro CHP with fuel cell for boiler supply Nicolae Badea Ion Paraschiv Maricel Oanca This paper shows the experimental realization of a complete autonomous cogeneration system comprising of a fuel cell unit and a gas condensing device. Both the electrical and thermal output of the fuel cell is 0.72 kilowatt, while the total thermal output of the fuel cell including the condensing heating device is 25 kilowatts. The present paper also presents all the components and monitoring measurements of the electrical and thermal values. The thermal control strategy is adopted for this system. On the overall, this unit serves as electricity producing heaters and offers a highly efficient alternative to conventional heating systems. Paper 48: Air cooling of photovoltaic panels from Passive House located inside the Polytechnic University of Bucharest Croitoru Ana-Maria Aurelian Craciunescu This article presents the performance analysis of a conventional hybrid photovoltaic/thermal air heating collector. An excel spreadsheet is developed and various parameters are calculated for singleglass configuration. Results are presented to show the effect of various design and operational parameters on the performance of a system. These results are useful for designing such systems more scientifically. Paper 61: Low cost control solution to optimize autonomous wind energy conversion Ciprian Vlad Adriana Burlibasa Toader Munteanu Based on a wind system equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a rectifier, a chopper and a continuous load, three power optimization methods are investigated. The main objective of this paper aims a control solution for wind energy conversion optimization by using estimated wind speed in relation with optimal electromagnetic torque, when the power coefficient and the optimal tip speed ratio values are known. The investigated control methods are: a classical method based on three cascade control loops (a major power loop, an intermediate rotational speed loop and a inner current loop); a control method with two control loops (for rotational speed and load current), part of the 12

13 previous control strategy but improved with a rotational speed reference provided as a dependence of estimated wind speed based on the electromagnetic torque given by the system frequency converter; and a third control strategy similar with the second one, the difference being given in this case by the estimated wind speed in relation with the electromagnetic torque generated as a dependence of load current and chopper duty ratio. Comparable results obtained with these methods and also their advantages are presented. Paper 68: Photovoltaic lighting for an educational room Laurentiu Alboteanu Gheorghe Manolea University of Craiova, Romania University of Craiova, Romania The paper gives one solution concerning the modality of power supply for lighting in a laboratory for education students. Are presented aspects regarding to system design lighting and photovoltaic source. For sizing of lighting system utilization factor method was used. Design and simulation of lighting system was performed using Dialux dedicated program. Photovoltaic system was dimensioned based on a specific algorithm. Validation of the proposed solution for photovoltaic system was made using Homer dedicated numerical simulation program Paper 38: Signal Processing Software Techniques for the Monitoring and the Diagnosis of the Wind Turbines Balan Horia Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Buzdugan Mircea Technical University of Cluj-Napoca The paper presents the implementation of a software for the analysis of vibration generated by wind turbines components. This software application has been built in the LabVIEW programming environment. For the vibration analysis and fault detection have been used several techniques, like: wavelet analysis, envelope detection, FFT analysis, Cepstrum analysis, Vector RMS analysis. Vibration signal envelope detection was performed using a virtual instrument based on Hilbert transform and rms analysis was performed using virtual instrument Vector RMS specifically designed for vibration analysis. The experimental results were obtained by measuring the vibration signals of a bearing with a simulated fault on the outer raceway. Electronic Circuits and Systems, Pattern Recognition S2 and Signal Processing Chairpersons: Florin Constantinescu Co-Chairpersons: Valentin Sgârciu Scientific Session Paper 1: Bioelectromagnetism Laboratory - Case Study Octavian Baltag "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania Doina Costandache"Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania Miuta Rau "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania The paper presents a case study concerning the emplacement of a laboratory dedicated to bioelectromagnetism researches. It also shows the complex structure of the laboratory and related facilities. Laboratory research is designed in two frequency ranges of magnetic and electromagnetic fields: biomagnetic fields of pt intensity and (0 500) Hz frequency range, explored by biomagnetometry; very low energy electromagnetic radiation corresponding to thermal radiation in the microwave range. The installation components consisting of a nonferromagnetic shielded room, lined 13

14 inside by microwave absorbent material with pyramidal geometry and a complex triaxial coils system to control the ambient magnetic fields: geomagnetic components and those due natural variations, the fields produced by human activity - the movement of masses of metal, vehicles, magnetic field of 50 Hz etc. The installation permits the detection of magnetic activity of the heart (magnetocardiogram MCG) and the measurement of the internal temperature of living structures using the microwave radiometry. This is an application for non-invasive early breast cancer detection. Performances of the installation are presented. Paper 2: Analysis of switching in a DC circuit Adrian Marin Mihai Octavian Popescu This paper presents an analysis of the static switching in a DC circuit. Power semiconductor devices are used in various electrical switchgear with static switching because they are very fast and do not require maintenance. In the static switchgear there is not the electric arc as in the case of electromechanical switchgear. By the simulations performed in this work were obtained the waveforms of currents and voltages that occur during the switching. The analysis conducted in this paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of static switching in a DC circuit. Paper 53: Capacitive coupling interference phenomena between three conductors on the surface of PCB Alina Elena Dumitru Radu Roxana Rosca Ionita Mihai Ocatavian Popescu Capacitive coupling occurs in the presence of the electric field on any metal conductor. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the capacitive coupling which appears between three conductors placed in a metallic box if the voltages difference between circuits is large. C1, C2 and C3 are three different potential conductors located on a wiring of Pertinax. The problem is related to the appearance of some disruptive voltages on parallel capacitive coupled conductors. This voltage may appear at the air filters for air purification or electrostatic chargers for electrostatic copy machine. Paper 79: VIBSYS: Integrated Didactic and Research Platform for Vibration Analysis Grigore Stamatescu George Sterpu Valentin Sgârciu The paper introduces a new system for vibration acquisition and analysis for rotating machinery - VIBSYS. It includes a mechanical structure, data acquisition subsystem and a software system developed as a virtual instrumentation project. The latter implements the configuration of the data acquisition, signal processing steps and provides the user with an intuitive and easy to operate user interface. The main goal of the proposed approach is to enable bearing defect detection as an initial step in a complete procedure of predictive maintenance. Experimental results, based on a comparative study on two bearing types using envelope analysis techniques are also discussed. The platform plays a dual role as a didactic and research stand through its modular and scalable structure as well as versatility. 14

15 Paper 81: Cell-based Sensor Network for Complex Monitoring at Home of Patients with Chronic Diseases Andrei Maciuca Mircea Strutu Dan Popescu Grigore Stamatescu In order to improve the quality of life for the elderly or people with chronic disease, the paper proposes a smart cell-based sensor network for home monitoring. The cell is considered to be a small sensor network which is situated into the patient s house. It is formed from mobile and fixed sensors, disposed on three levels. The first level has body sensors attached to the patient that monitor different health parameters, patient location, position and possible falls. The second level is dedicated for ambient sensors and routing inside the cell. The third level contains emergency ambient sensors that cover burglary events or toxic gas concentration, distributed by necessities. In order to reduce energy consumption and radiation level, adaptive rates of acquisition and communication are used. Experimental results on body sensors and ambient ones are presented in the last section. Paper 88: A new calibration method for current steering DACs Catalin Brinzei Florin Constantinescu A new calibration method for current steering DACs (digital to analog converters), whose main idea is to add compensation currents of the same value to the most sensitive current sources, is proposed. Some DC Monte-Carlo analyses are used to choose the optimal value for the correction current. The choice of the most sensitive current sources as well as the finding of the optimal combination of the corrected sources are done by steady state simulations and measurements. The SFDR (spurious free dynamic range) of a 8 bits DAC is improved with 5.5 db using this method. S3 Artificial Intelligence Scientific Session Chairpersons: Mihai Octavian Popescu Co-Chairpersons: Viorel Nicolau Paper 51: Robots Collision Avoidance Using Learning through Imitation Aurel Fratu TRANSILVANIA University of Brasov, Romania Jean-Paul Becar University of Valenciennes, France This paper deals with the collision avoidance of the cooperative robots using the learning through imitation. Each physical robot acts fully independently, communicating with corresponding virtual prototype and imitating her behavior. Each physical robot reproduces the motion of her virtual prototype. The estimation of the collision-free actions of the virtual cooperative robots and the transfer of the virtual joint trajectories to the physical robots who imitate there virtual prototypes, are the original ideas. We tested the present strategy on several simulation scenarios; involving two virtual robots that each must cooperate with other and estimating collision-free actions. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is discussed by theoretical considerations and illustrated by simulation of the motion of two cooperative manipulators. It is shown that the proposed collision-free strategy, while tracking the end-effector trajectory, is efficient and practical. 15

16 Paper 58: A novel bio-signal acquisition system for brain computer interfaces Lajos Losonczi Lambda Communications SRL, Romania Lászlo F. Márton Sapientia University Tirgu Mures, Romania Tihamér S. Brassai Sapientia University Tirgu Mures, Romania Laszló Bakó Sapientia University Tirgu Mures, Romania Loránd Farkas Lambda Communications SRL, Romania The aim of this work is to present newly developed electro-technological and signal processing tools that provide brain-computer interface (BCI) systems with increasingly advanced functions. A BCI allows users to record signals upon which are possible to act on their environment by using only brain-activity, without using peripheral nerves and muscles. EEG (Electroencephalogram) signals are the recorded potentials of collective activity of synchronized cortical cell populations chained to an external system. Our basic tasks are to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and to resolve spatial and temporal impact of the measured signals on the external environment. For these reasons we propose a completely new concept of active electrodes, named Smart Active Electrodes (SAE). Paper 89: Diagnosis of NPP systems using artificial intelligence Case study Primary Heat Transport System Magdalena Vlad Razvan Popovici R.A.A.N.- Subsidiary of Technology and Engineering for Nuclear Projects Mihai Octavian Popescu Claudia Laurenta Popescu At industrial processes management, especially of those of great complexity, the aspects connected to their maintenance into the limits of good running, assuring both quality and continuity, become a priority. In the supervision context, the processes managed must have a safe functioning and a great availability, so as the incident tolerance becomes more and more important. In this article we introduce you a expert system for controlling and monitoring primary heat transportation system from NPP on-line, which is considered of great actuality if we take in consideration that it is a device based on computer and used by keyboarder in order to assist them in controlling complex systems running. The base of the entire scaffolding that competed to surveillance, control and monitoring of the electric devices from NPP is constituted from the acquisition and command devices. On one hand, between the devices enumerated above there is a tight collaboration, information from technological process and on the other hand the possibility of remote control of the technological process. Paper 91: On Fuzzy Predictive Diagnosis of Pump-Motor Group of Oleo-Pneumatic Drive Mechanisms Viorel Nicolau Razvan Solea Marian Gaiceanu Mihaela Andrei IO-type oil-based high-voltage circuit breakers are acted by oleo-pneumatic mechanisms (MOP). Pressure recovery circuit of MOP is based on pump-motor group, which presents the highest fault rate of all circuit breaker components. Its failure goes to the impossibility of switching that circuit breaker. Therefore, the predictive diagnosis of pump-motor group is very important for good functioning state of the circuit breaker. In this paper, on-line predictive diagnosis and early detection of the fault tendencies are studied using fuzzy logic. Some expert rules are generated based on the behavior analysis of MOPtype drive mechanism. A fuzzy system for predictive diagnosis is proposed. Also, simulation results are presented. 16

17 Paper 31: Sewer Network Discharge Control Using a Fuzzy Logic Approach Daniela Carp Marian Barbu Viorel Minzu Sewer networks are usually controlled a hierarchical control system. This system has a three-layer structure: the lower level consists of the hardware control loops from the storage reservoirs, the medium level gives the setpoint for the control loops from the lower level and upper level has a supervisory role of the entire system. This paper approaches the medium control level by using fuzzy logic controllers in order to avoid or at least lead to a significant reduction of discharges from the sewer networks. The proposed structure is validated through numerical simulation. Paper 49: Performance Evaluation of a Fuzzy-Based QoS Support Implementation Andra Elena Iulia Pastrav Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Eugeniu Smenciuc Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Tudor Palade Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Ancuta Bara Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Emanuel Puschita Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania The task of Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing is to find a path in the network that satisfies certain constraints on metrics such as delay, jitter, bandwidth and packet loss. All routing algorithms are designed for intra-domain QoS support, and when multiple technologies are interconnected, a proper endto-end QoS support cannot be guaranteed. This paper proposes a method for the most suitable end-to-end path selection in a unified network architecture. The solution is implemented in two phases: firstly, the network is tested in order to obtain a list of all possible routes and secondly, the best path is selected using the fuzzy logic algorithm. This solution has been implemented and validated through network simulations. Paper 98: Error Detection and Correction using LDPC in parallel Hopfield Networks Constantin Anton University of Pitesti, Romania Laurenţiu Ionescu University of Pitesti, Romania Ion Tutănescu University of Pitesti, Romania Alin Mazăre University of Pitesti, Romania Gheorghe Şerban University of Pitesti, Romania Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding is a classical method for the detection and correction of errors. Its problem is the relatively complex operations which must be performed at encoding, and especially at decoding, to detect and correct errors caused by communication channels. We present a solution for the errors correction using regular LDPC and Hopfield network-based associative memories. Our solution solves this problem by using an associative memory based on the Hopfield network on the decoding stage, which stores the correct code words. This memory tends to transform the code words received with errors in errors free code words. We improved the ability of the associative memory by storing the code words in a specific format (pairs with their inverses, the constant number of 1 bits). These conditions are met by using LDPC coding. To be viable in communications, which require realtime correction, our proposed solution has used Hopfield networks operating in parallel, fully integrated into the Field Programmable Gates Array (FPGA) circuit. 17

18 S4 Power Systems Scientific Session Chairpersons: Dorin Lucache Co-Chairpersons: Elena Bicova, Nicolae Badea Paper 50: European Prosumers In Romania's Energy Market George-Vlad Badea Master Graduate at UvA Nicolae Badea The present paper aims to highlight how the transition from tradition energy consumers to prosumers is being promoted in the European Union and what the actual status in Romania is. Starting from the main European policy pillars, the paper presents the rationale behind the transformation of consumers into prosumers. The paper deals with the relevant European legislation promoting this concept before emphasizing the actual status of Romanian legislation in this matter. Finally, a study case stresses the changes needed to accommodate prosumers in Romanian Energy Law. Paper 57: The analysis of evolution indicators of the energy security in electricity and heat sector of the Republic of Moldova Elena Bicova Institute of Power Engineering of Academy of Sciences of Moldova Vladimir Berzan Institute of Power Engineering of Academy of Sciences of Moldova Larisa Moraru Institute of Power Engineering of Academy of Sciences of Moldova Analysis of the state's energy security is relevant to determine the problems into energy sector which are need mostly of development and investment. The comprehensive study with different aspects of the energy sector is is held (technical, economic, environmental and others). This paper presents the results of a study for the sector of production of electricity and heat, what was done with method of indicative analysis. The structure and current state of the sector was described with 10 indicators. The retrospective analysis was performed for the time period of 20 years. The forecasting trend of generalized integral indicator of the short-term (3 years) shows the growth of risk in the sector. The variants expansion existing power plants and construction a set of dispersed small combined power plants are considered as required measures Paper 59: Integrated solutions based on neural networks for optimizing energy management in a microgrid Otilia Elena Dragomir Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania Dragomir Florin Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania This article proposes the integration of an intelligent energy management system, in a microgrid with distributed production of energy from renewable sources (PD-RES), equipped with artificial intelligence elements (neural networks), capable of load forecasting on short time horizon. In relation with identified or predicted situations, the decision support system that integrates these solutions, proposes, to consumerproducer (prosumer) of green energy, to act in a proactive manner for: reconfiguration of the microgrid s architecture, improving profits, and reducing the microgrid s vulnerability. From a practical point of view, the article results are based on data monitored form a three phase microgrid with 25kW installed power, equipped with energy storage elements, produced from renewable energy sources (wind and sun) 18

19 Paper 86: Application for Control Consumers Using Mobile Phone Carmen Lungoci Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Laura Lelutiu Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Present paper deals with the design and development of a device that controls and monitors remote processes or external devices. This device can be used as a component embedded into an automation system of an intelligent house, for managing the energy consumption in lighting, air conditioning, heating. The practical result obtained is a test board plugged to an external device which can be any kind of sensor. The application is used in didactical laboratories for electrical engineering and computers program. Paper 95: Analysis and Software Computation to Increase the Power Quality in an Industrial Electrical Network Mariana Dumitrescu To evaluate the potentially negative impact of non-linear and unbalanced loads on the power system quality and to study possible techniques that will minimize this impact is the main purpose of the proposed paper. Starting from the known loads of a real delivery power system, we simulate the real operational regimes, including measurements of the harmonic distortion. Edsa Paladin software is used to analyze the active and reactive power flow with respect to the bus tension levels calculations, for balanced and un balanced operational stages. Paper 56: Numerical Modelling of Wave Processes in Electric Lines with Variable Parameters Vladimir Patsyuk Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Vladimir Berzan Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Galina Ribakova Institute of Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Electrical transmission lines are the most important elements of modern electrical power systems. Numerical method for calculation of electrical circuits with distributed losses and parameters variable in time is elaborated and described in this paper. It has been proposed to use the energy integral in order to estimate the accuracy of numerical solutions. The elaborated numerical scheme, named Albatross method, is conservative with minimal dissipation and dispersion. Due to these properties computational error does not accumulate, that gives possibility to realize transparent calculations of nonstationary solutions without loss of accuracy at large time intervals corresponding to electromagnetic waves run along the line length right up to steady-state regime. Results of calculation in non-homogeneous circuits with distributed parameters are presented. These results can be used as sample solutions for elaboration and for accuracy verification of some new approximate methods for numerical solution of some problems in electrical and power engineering. Solutions of these problems have been obtained by means of operator method, complex amplitude method, Fourier variable separation method as well as by Albatross numerical method. Comparison between physical and mathematical experiments during analysis of different regimes in half-wave electrical transmission line has been executed. Also, comparison of accuracy of the solutions obtained by analytical method, by Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and by Godunov s scheme for telegraph equations has been carried out. In particular, FDTD method has some limited application for solving the telegraph equations due to the fact that it is of the second order of accuracy. 19

20 Paper 34: Using Numerical Weather Forecast to Predict Power Losses on Transmission Lines Ileana Baran Tudor Leonida Dorian Sidea The paper presents the first version of a method developed to forecast resistive power losses associated to transmission lines. In the first stage the procedure computes the conductor temperature, taking into account a non-steady-state heat balance equation. The terms of the heat balance are evaluated using as input data the numerical weather forecast combined with Geographical Information System mapping of the line assets, and the day ahead hourly forecast of the power flow. The resulting conductor temperature is then used to correct the value of the electrical resistance and finally to evaluate the resistive power losses. The method was applied for two existing 400 kv transmission lines, and several forecasts obtained for the conductor temperature and specific power losses are presented. S5 Electrical Machines I Scientific Session Chairpersons: Elena Helerea Co-Chairpersons: Ion Voncila Paper 82: Analysis of Magnetic Field Distribution in Induction Motors with Broken Rotor Bars Ciobanu Anca Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Elena Helerea Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania This paper proposes a detailed approach of the broken bars in the induction motors by analyzing the magnetic field distribution with the use of finite element. Results show accurately that the magnetic saturation is high in the area of broken bars and that the magnetic field waveforms carry the necessary information to detect this type of fault. The obtained information may be used to develop an on-line diagnosis system. For the finite element simulation a 7.5 kw, 4 pole induction motor was modeled and two types of core materials were used. Paper 99: Electromagnetic Environment Characteristics in an Urban Area Marius Daniel Calin Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Cornel Ursachi Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Elena Helerea Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania The focus of this paper is the investigation of electromagnetic environment characteristics, especially in open spaces for urban areas. The measurements were done in seven areas of the Brasov city, Romania, representative from electromagnetic point of view. The statistic method of data processing has been applied. The obtained values of electric field intensity and electromagnetic field exposure ratios are under the limits imposed by ICNIRP regulation. The variability of measurements shows that the characteristics of electromagnetic environment should be regularly assessed in order to understand the trends in terms of electromagnetic radiation. Paper 35: Flux-density space-harmonics minimization for an axial-flux permanent-magnet machine Adrian Pop Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Romania Mircea Radulescu Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Romania Horia Balan Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Romania The content of flux-density space-harmonics in axial-flux permanent-magnet machines (AFPMMs) is an important concern to the machine designer due to its impact on machine performances. In AFPMMs, 20

21 the space-harmonics are related to the flux-density and the MMF distributions in the airgap, which are mainly determined by the PM excitation. This paper proposes two different approaches to study the flux density in the airgap. The finite-element and analytical methods are jointly developed in order to model and compare the flux density waveforms. Many optimization methods have been proposed in order to optimize the design of PM machines. In this paper, the authors investigate the optimal PM design in order to minimize the space-harmonics distribution using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) optimization algorithm. By selecting the appropriate PM shape and size, it is possible to remove the undesirable harmonics. Using the SQP, the PM shape is optimized, and the harmonics content is notably reduced. The optimal solutions given by the FE model are then validated. Paper 44: Considerations on 2D numerical modelling of permanent magnet synchronous motors for driving electric bicycles Silvia-Maria Diga University of Craiova Constantin Stoica University of Pitești, Romania Nicolae Diga Maria Brojboiu University of Craiova, Romania In this paper are presented the results of 2D numerical modelling performed by the authors using the dedicated software Flux 9.3. for a permanent magnet synchronous motor for driving electric bicycles. We have completed for this purpose all the necessary steps to the effective design: defining geometrical parameters and coordinate system; faces generating of the model; creating regions and the mesh model; the default introducing of the materials; assigning material from the database program for regions of the model; generation of a file with the extension ". tra" and finally displaying the results in magnetostatic regime. These results were compared with those obtained by calculation, demonstrating their validity and compliance with allowable limits of magnetic stresses. Paper 63: Impact of Three-Phase Voltage Dips on the Induction Motors An Experimental Study Elena Helerea Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Lepadat Ionel Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Ciobanu Anca Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania The paper deals with the investigation of the effects of three-phase voltage dips on the induction motors. The experimental set-up comprises a dip generator, a three-phase analyzer and a control system. As model, a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor of 1.5 kw / 0.4 kv is tested with balanced threephase individual voltage dips of different magnitudes and durations, and of different rectangular and nonrectangular forms. A comparative analysis is done regarding the wave form and shape of rms three-phase currents and voltage dips curves. The decreasing of current and power of induction motor was correlated with voltage dip magnitudes. The experimental determinations of the effects of balanced three-phase voltage dips are compared with characteristics of induction motor operating in normal conditions. 21

22 S6 Computer Vision Scientific Session Chairpersons: Silviu Ioan Bejinariu Co-Chairpersons: Nicoleta Angelescu Paper 21: CBIR System Based on Texture Characterization Nicoleta Angelescu Valahia University of Targoviste Dan Popescu Marius Georgian Ionita Valahia University of Targoviste The continuous development of communication technology and computers led to the creation of huge archives of multimedia data in various application areas such as medicine, entertainment, education and services online. This is similar to the increase in the amount of alpha-numeric data from the first appearance of computers, which led to the development of database management systems (DBMS - Database Management Systems). Search supposes finding relevant images in a large image collection made by the user. Relevance is determined by the nature of the application. Paper 62: A Spatial Pyramid Approach for Texture Classification Andreea-Lavinia Popescu Radu Tudor Ionescu University of Bucharest, Romania Dan Popescu Texture classification, texture synthesis, or similar tasks are an active topic in computer vision and pattern recognition. This paper aims to present two spatial pyramid representations for texture classification. Most techniques designed for texture classification are based on machine learning. Images are usually represented as feature vectors, which are then used to train a classifier. In the spatial pyramid representation, images are divided into increasingly fine sub-regions (bins) and features are extracted from each bin. This representation is able to capture details about the fractal structure of the texture images. Two experiments are conducted on popular texture classification data sets, namely Brodatz and UIUCTex. In the experiments, several kernel representations and kernel classifiers are combined and evaluated. It seems that the spatial pyramid in combination with intersection kernel and Kernel Discriminant Analysis gives the best results. The proposed pyramid representations can improve the accuracy by as much as 5% over the standard feature representation, showing that the pyramid structure is indeed useful for texture classification. Paper 78: A Novel Iris Clustering Approach Using LAB Color Features Adrian Ciobanu Institute of Computer Science, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch Petru Radu School of Engineering and Digital Arts, University of Kent, United Kingdom Tudor Barbu Institute of Computer Science, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch Mihaela Costin Institute of Computer Science, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch Silviu Ioan Bejinariu Institute of Computer Science, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch The results of color clustering for the iris images in the UBIRISv1 database are presented. The iris colors are characterized by feature vectors with 80 components resulted from histograms computed in the CIELAB color space. The feature extraction is applied to the first session eye images after undergoing an iris segmentation process. An agglomerative hierarchical algorithm is used to organize segmented iris images in 8 clusters based on their color content. 22