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1 Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Cellular Networks Based on Spatial Distributions of Traffic Load and ower Consumption A. rofessor. Xiaohu Ge( 葛晓虎 ) hone: Fax: xhge@mail.hust.edu.cn URL: Dept. Electronics & Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan,.R.China

2 UK-China Science Bridge 1 Green Communications 2 VT Cellular Network Scenario Contents 3 4 Spatial Distribution of Traffic Load Spatial Distribution of ower Consumption 5 Energy Efficiency Evaluation Results 5 References & Research Outcome 2

3 Green Communications larform rojects eoples Hubei Green Broadband Wireless Communication International Cooperative Research Base ---- Granted by Hubei rovincial Science and Technology Department; UK-China Science Bridges: R&D on (B)4G Wireless Mobile Communications, Supported by Research Councils UK, Aug July. 212; Next Generation Green Cellular Networks Joint Research, Supported by China MOST, Jan. 212 Dec. 214; Green Broadbadn Mobile Communications Key Technologies, Supported by Hubei rovincial Science and Technology Department, Jan. 211 Dec. 213; Two full professors, two associate professors and two lecturers 4 hd candidates and 16 Master students 3

2. VT Cellular Network Scenario Capturing the randomness of cell coverage in a realistic propagation environment, a oisson-voronoi tessellation (VT) cellular scenario is more suitable for cellular

4 2. VT Cellular Network Scenario Capturing the randomness of cell coverage in a realistic propagation environment, a oisson-voronoi tessellation (VT) cellular scenario is more suitable for cellular networks than traditional regular hexagonal cellular scenarios. Cell 2 Cell 7 Cell 3 Cell 1 Cell 6 Cell 4 Cell 5 (a) Fig 1. Cellular networks topologies. (a) hexagonal cellular topology; (b) VT cellular topology 4 (b)

5 2. VT Cellular Network Scenario For a realistic cellular network, assume that a MS associates with the closest BS, which would suffer the least path loss during wireless transmission. Moreover, every cell is assumed to include only one BS and some MSs. Then the cell boundary, which can be obtained through the Delaunay Triangulation method by first drawing the perpendicular bisectors between each pair of BSs and then connecting these lines, splits the plane into irregular polygons that correspond to different cell coverage areas. Despite of the complexity, the outstanding property of VT cellular networks is that, geometric characteristics of any cell with the k-th BS centered at location coincide with that of a typical VT cell where locates at a fixed position, e.g., origin, according to the alm theory. In this case, analysis results in a typical VT cell can be extended to the whole VT cellular network. 5

6 3. Spatial Distribution of Traffic Load the characteristic function of the aggregate traffic load in a typical VT cell can be derived by conditioning on independent oisson point processes T E j exp A 1 e f ( ) d M E exp A 1 ( ) M 6

7 3. Spatial Distribution of Traffic Load DF of aggregate traffic load 2.5 x 1-3 M / B =15 M / B =3 2 M / B = Aggregate traffic load [kbps] Fig 2. Aggregate traffic load in a typical VT cell with respect to the intensity ratio of MSs and BSs. 7

8 3. Spatial Distribution of Traffic Load DF of aggregate traffic load 3.5 x 1-3 =1.8, min =1 =1.8, min =15 3 =1.2, min =1 =1.2, min = Aggregate traffic load [kbps] Fig 3. Impact of heaviness index and minimum traffic rate on the aggregate traffic load in a typical VT cell. 8

9 4. Spatial Distribution of ower Consumption without loss of generality, a wireless downlink transmission is considered between an arbitrary MS, e.g. MS, and its associated BS, e.g. BS, inside a typical VT cell. For MS, no more than one co-channel interfering MS is assumed to exist in each adjacent VT cell. These downlinks of co-channel interfering MSs in adjacent VT cells contribute interference to MS, which are transmitted from corresponding association BSs. IBS k+1... Fig 4. Wireless downlinks of a VT cellular network.... IMS k+1 Interfering downlinks Interfering BSs locate outside the dotted circle. r, ξ, ζ BS IMS k r kk, ξ kk, ζ kk r k, ξ k, ζ k MS Active downlinks IBS k 9

10 4. Spatial Distribution of ower Consumption Based on the Campbell theorem for marked oisson point processes, the characteristic function of required total BS transmission power is derived as follows _req M ( ) exp 1 E B G( ) V K B 2 2 B 2 G( ) 1 j sign( ) tan Founded on the decomposition of BS power consumption, a linear average BS power consumption model is built as follows E( ) ( ) _req E BS RF max _pra Circuit Circuit max RF xf f () x dx _req () x dx 1

11 4. Spatial Distribution of ower Consumption DF of required total BS transmission power.5.45 =1.9 =1.5 = Required total BS transmission power [W] Fig 5. Required total BS transmission power with respect to heaviness index 11

12 4. Spatial Distribution of ower Consumption DF of required total BS transmission power M / B =15 M / B =3 M / B = Required total BS transmission power [W] Fig 6. Required total BS transmission power with respect to the intensity ratio of MSs and BSs 12

13 5. Energy Efficiency Evaluation Results Based on proposed spatial distributions of traffic load and power consumption in VT cellular networks, The utility function of energy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the effective average traffic load over the average total power consumed at a BS in a typical VT cell EE E( T ) 1 C E( ) p r 1 F ( ) out _req max max BS p out _req EE B M min ( 1) 1 RF max max _req () x dx max ( ) ( ) Circuit _req _req f xf x dx f x dx 2 13

14 5. Energy Efficiency Evaluation Results Energy efficiency of VT cellular networks [bits/hz/joule].7 =1.2, min =2 =1.2, min =3.6 =1.8, min =2 =1.8, min = Intensity ratio between MSs and BSs Fig 7. Energy efficiency of VT cellular networks with respect to the intensity ratio of MSs and BSs considering the heaviness index and the minimum traffic rate. 14

15 5. Energy Efficiency Evaluation Results Energy efficiency of VT cellular networks [bits/hz/joule].4 Inf = Inf = Inf = Intensity ratio between MSs and BSs Fig 8. Energy efficiency of VT cellular networks with respect to the intensity ratio of MSs and BSs considering the interfering link intensity. 15

16 5. Energy Efficiency Evaluation Results Energy efficiency of VT cellular networks [bits/hz/joule].5.45 =3.6 =3.8 = Intensity ratio between MSs and BSs Fig 9. Energy efficiency of VT cellular networks with respect to the intensity ratio of MSs and BSs considering the path loss exponent. 16

17 6. References & Research Outcome [1] L. Xiang, Xiaohu Ge (corresponding author), Cheng-Xiang Wang, Frank Y. Li and Frank Reichert, Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Cellular Networks Based on Spatial Distributions of Traffic Load and ower Consumption, IEEE Trans. On Wireless Communications, submitted. [2] Xiaohu Ge, K. Huang, Cheng-Xiang Wang, X. Hong, Capacity Analysis of a Multi-Cell Multi-Antenna Cooperative Cellular Network with Co-Channel Interference, IEEE Trans. On Wireless Communications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp , Oct [3] I. Humar, Xiaohu Ge (corresponding author), L. Xiang, J. Ho, M. Chen, Rethinking Energy Efficiency Models of Cellular Networks with Embodied Energy, IEEE Network Magazine, Vol.25, No.3, pp.4-49, March,

Research on Energy Efficiency of 4G Cellular Networks with Co-channel Interference

Research on Energy Efficiency of 4G Cellular Networks with Co-channel Interference rof. Xiaohu Ge & rof. Cheng-Xiang Wang Huazhong University of Science and Technology Heriot- Watt University Outline Introduction