Year 7 Learning Cycle 4 Overview Physics: Light & Sound

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1 Learning Cycle Overview Year 7 Learning Cycle 4 Overview Physics: Light & Sound Line of enquiry one: Hypothesis 01 Hypothesis 02 Hypothesis 03 Hypothesis 04 Hypothesis 05 Hypothesis 06 Hypothesis 07 Line of enquiry two: Hypothesis 08 Hypothesis 09 Hypothesis 10 Hypothesis 11 Hypothesis 12 Hypothesis 13 Light is much more complex than we originally thought Light can only travel through solids, liquids and gases Different materials can absorb light Rainbows are made from white light It is impossible to predict reflection angles Light always travels in straight lines We can bend light in two directions using different lenses Eyes are biological cameras Sound and light, how different can they be? Sound can only travel through solids, liquids and gases Sound waves and light waves are identical Your vocal chords are similar to a loudspeaker Your ear is similar to a microphone You have better hearing than a dog Sound waves can be used to heal

2 Line of enquiry one: Light is much more complex than we originally thought Intentions for learning from KS3 National Curriculum: the similarities and differences between light waves and waves in matter light waves travelling through a vacuum; speed of light the transmission of light through materials: absorption, diffuse scattering and specular reflection at a surface use of ray model to explain imaging in mirrors, the pinhole camera, the refraction of light and action of convex lens in focusing (qualitative); the human eye light transferring energy from source to absorber leading to chemical and electrical effects; photosensitive material in the retina and in cameras colours and the different frequencies of light, white light and prisms (qualitative only); differential colour effects in absorption and diffuse reflection. the light year as a unit of astronomical distance. Lesson 1: Light can only travel through solids, liquids and gasses Keywords: vacuum, light, media/medium That light can travel through different media (S, L, G). That light can also travel through a vacuum The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant That a light year can be used as an astronomical unit of distance I can recall the speed of light in a vacuum. I can describe how light moves differently (speed) through different materials. I can explain what a light year is and why it is useful for astronomers. Lesson 4: It is impossible to predict reflection angles Keywords: incident, reflection, mirror That mirrors are able to reflect light rays That angle of reflection and incidence are the same Lesson 2: Different materials can absorb light Keywords: absorption, diffuse scattering, specular reflection That light can interact with materials in one of three ways o Absorption o Diffuse scattering o Specular reflection I can recall the different ways light behaves when it hits a surface. I can describe how light interacts with different materials (e.g. rough/smooth, white/black) I can explain the meanings of keywords and how they link to phenomenon Lesson 5: Light always travels in straight lines Keywords: incident, refraction, medium, density That light can have its direction changed by moving between media of different densities. Refraction direction can be predicted if media are known Lesson 3: Rainbows are made from white light Keywords: spectrum, rainbow, wavelength, colours That white light is made up of many colours The different colours of light have different wavelengths That objects appear certain colours due to the wavelengths they absorb and reflect. I can recall the colours of light that make up white light. I can describe how wavelength changes as you move through the spectrum. I can explain why certain objects appear white, black or coloured. Lesson 6: We can bend light in two directions using different lenses Keywords: incident, refraction, convex, concave Convex and concave lenses bend light in different directions. That these lenses have a variety of uses in the real world I can recall what happens when light hits a mirror. I can describe how to draw an accurate light reflection diagram. I can recall what happens when light moves from one material (ice) into another (water). I can describe how to draw an accurate light refraction diagram. I can recall the names of the two types of lenses.

3 I can explain how the angle of reflection changes as the angle of incidence increases. I can explain why light changes direction during refraction. I can describe how the path of light changes when it passes through a convex & concave lens. I can explain where we can use the two lens types in the real world. Lesson 7: Eyes are biological cameras Keywords: lens, retina, refraction, focussed image That pinhole cameras and eyes have similar features: o Lens o Light-sensitive receptors Refraction occurs at the lens to allow for a focussed image I can recall the main parts of an eye and a camera. I can describe how both focus light to form an image I can explain the differences between an eye and a camera

4 Line of enquiry two: Sound and light, how different can they be? Intentions for learning from KS3 National Curriculum: frequencies of sound waves, measured in hertz (Hz); echoes, reflection and absorption of sound sound needs a medium to travel, the speed of sound in air, in water, in solids sound produced by vibrations of objects, in loud speakers, detected by their effects on microphone diaphragm and the ear drum; sound waves are longitudinal auditory range of humans and animals. pressure waves transferring energy; use for cleaning and physiotherapy by ultra-sound; waves transferring information for conversion to electrical signals by microphone. Lesson 1: Sound can only travel through solids, liquids and gases Keywords: sound, media/medium That sound needs a medium to travel That sound travels at different speeds through these media I can recall the speed of sound in various media. I can describe how sound moves differently (speed) through different materials. Lesson 2: Sound waves and light waves are identical Keywords: transverse, longitudinal That there are different types of wave That transverse and longitudinal waves have distinct characteristics I can recall the two types of wave that exist. I can describe which wave makes light and which makes sound. I can explain some differences between the different wave types. Lesson 3: Your vocal chords are similar to a loudspeaker Keywords: vocal chords, sound waves That sound is produced by causing particles to vibrate Speakers and vocal chords both disturb air particles to generate sound waves I can recall how sound is made. I can describe the similarities between vocal chords and a loudspeaker. Lesson 4: Your ear is similar to a microphone Keywords: ear drum, microphone Lesson 5: You have better hearing than a dog Keywords: frequency, hertz (Hz) Lesson 6: Sound waves can be used to heal Keywords: ultrasound, Hertz (Hz) That your eardrum and a microphone is stimulated by vibrating air particles I can recall how sound is detected. I can describe the similarities between eardrums and a microphone. That different animals have different auditory ranges. That we measure sound frequency in Hertz. The frequency of a sound is linked to its pitch. I can recall the unit for frequency. I can describe how frequency is linked to pitch. I can explain why a dog may have better hearing that a human. That ultrasound can be used to treat injury as well as cleaning I can recall what ultrasound is. I can describe some uses of ultrasound in useful applications. I can explain why ultrasound is useful in the real-world.

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