Handbook of Print Media

Transcription

1 -H=ID=LB=RG- Helmut Kipphan (Ed.) Handbook of Print Media Technologies and Production Methods Including 1275 figures, mostly in color and 92 tables Springer

2 XIII 1 Fundamentals 1.1 Communication Technologies Print Media Books Magazines Newspapers Brochures Other Printed Media Electronic Media Multimedia Distribution and Market Volume Trends and Scenarios for the Future Changes in the Traditional Printing Sector Integration of New Media Production of Print Media Layout, Typography, Graphic Design Type Typography Graphic Design Prepress Printing Postpress/Finishing Digital Production Equipment in the Workflow Premedia Printing Technologies Overview of Printing Technologies Printing Technologies with a Printing Master Letterpress/Flexographic Printing Gravure Printing Lithography/Offset Printing Screen Printing Printing Technologies without a Master (NIP Technologies) Electrophotography Ink Jet Printing Systems based on Non-Impact Printing Technologies Print Quality Color/Color Theory Color Image Composition Halftone Process/Screening Quality Control/Measurement Techniques Color Measurement Color Register Measurement of Gloss Surface Finishing Characteristics of Surface Finishing Surface Finishing Techniques Print Media Materials Substrates Printing Inks Structure and Requirements Offset Printing Inks Gravure Printing Inks Flexographic Printing Inks Letterpress Printing Inks Screen Printing Inks Pad Printing Inks Inks for Non-Impact Printing Technologies Varnishes Printing Presses and Printing Systems General Structure Designs for Multicolor Printing Sheet-fed Printing Presses Web-fed Printing Presses Packaging Printing Presses Drying Methods Physical Drying (Absorption) Infrared (IR) Drying Evaporative Drying Problems in Practical Operation Chemical Drying/Curing Oxidation UV Drying/Curing Electron Beam Drying/Curing (EBC) Auxiliary Drying Techniques 176

3 XIV Powder Spraying, Silicone Application Measuring Techniques Products of Print Finishing Aspects of Management and Business Models Production Options and Business Models The Value-added Chain (Production Depth and Product Range) Financing and Distribution Models Media Business as a Technical Service Coordination of Workflows Lean Production and Lean Management Tracking Quality Assurance Production Layout Material Flow Capacity Planning Personnel Deployment and Supply of Utilities Printing Technologies with Permanent Printing Master 2.1 Offset Printing Basic Principles Process Printing Plates, Printing Ink, Dampening Solution Inking Unit, Dampening Unit, Printing Unit Print Quality Sheet-fed Offset Printing Paper Travel Feeders Printing Units Sheet Reversal/Perfecting Delivery Drying Print Enhancement and In-line Finishing Press Architecture (Special Designs) Web-fed Offset Printing Press and System Concepts (Components) Web Travel (Infeed and Further Processing) Printing Unit Folders and Print Product Variations Newspaper Printing Remote Control, Measurement and Control Technology/Systems Press Remote Control Systems Color Measurement and Control Systems Register Measurement and Control Inspection of the Printed Image In-line Print Quality Measurement and Control Systems The State of the Art in Remote Control, Measurement and Control Systems Automation in Print Media Production Wash-up Procedures Plate Changing Sheet Size and Paper Travel Adjustment Ink Feed Presetting in the Printing Unit Ink and Dampening Solution Supply Makeready for Print Production Examples of Offset Printing Presses and Production Systems Sheet-fed Offset Printing Presses Web-fed Offset Printing Presses/Systems Potential for Further Development Print Quality Offset Printing Process Drying Automation Gravure Printing Process Gravure Cylinder Manufacture Gravure Cylinder Imaging Storage and Changing of Gravure Cylinders Impression Roller Inking Unit and Doctor Blade Drying Circumferential and Lateral Register Magazine Turner Bars Superstructure Gravure Printing Folders Reel Stand Examples of Gravure Printing Systems Gravure Printing in the Packaging Industry Potential for Further Development Letterpress Printing Basic Principles Letterpress Printing (Process and Applications) Flexography Process Printing Unit Examples of Flexographic Printing Presses Potential for Further Development Screen Printing Basic Principles/Process Platemaking Printing Process Applications Screen Printing on Flat Surfaces Screen Printing on Curved Surfaces 417

4 XV Examples of Machinery Equipment and Machinery tor Flat-bed Screen Printing Screen Printing Machinery for Printing on Curved Surfaces Rotary Screen Printing Presses Potential for Further Development Special Printing Technologies and Product Specific Applications Security Printing Bank Notes Postage Stamps, Stamps Documents Business Forms Printing Label Printing Pad Transfer Printing Printing Process Cliche Making Pad, Ink, Object Holding Device Multicolor Pad Transfer Printing, Applications Prepress 3.1 Conventional Prepress Word Processing, Typesetting Typesetting Procedure Manuscript Text Input Word Processing and Typesetting Text Output for the Production of Film/Plate Designs of Output Devices Requirements on Films Photomechanical Image Processing/ Reproduction Use and Importance of Analog Reproduction Principles, Tasks of Photomechanical Reproduction Materials Machines and Devices used in Reproduction Technology Production of Film Copies for Single-Color Printing Production of Film Copies for Multicolor Printing Electronic Reproduction Technology (Repro Scanner) Assembly Page Make-up Sheet Assembly Proofs/Test Print Platemaking and Quality Control General Information Offset Printing Letterpress Printing, Flexography Gravure Printing Screen Printing Color Management Processes for the Correction of Tone Values and Color Values Offset-Gravure Conversion Digital Prepress Structure of Digital Printed Products Technological Capabilities and Workflows Digital Description of the Printed Page Digital Screening Processes Quality Requirements Input and Output Resolution Transferable Tonal Range Dot Shape Tone Value Influences in Printing Color Management Profiles Image-dependent Effects and Corrections Digital Photography Origins of Digital Photography Image Scanning with Digital Cameras Demands on the Resolution Special Features of Digital Cameras Digital Photography and Color Management Digitizing Originals (Scanner) Scanner Designs and Models Drum Scanners Flat-bed Scanners Digitizing and Redigitizing Sheet Assembly and Imposition Page Make-up and Sheet Assembly Full-Sheet Output Imposition through Software Imposition Workflows Raster Image Processor (RIP) Storage Media Networks Network Concepts and Components Working with Networks Data Formats Color Management The Image Reproduction Process using Color Management Production of Color Profiles Structure of Color Profiles Connection of Color Profiles Rendering Intent Color Management and the Production of Proofs Color Management for Images on the Internet Color Management and Standardization Digital Proof 562

5 XVI Digital Proofing Processes, Soft Proof Hard Proof Color Management Concepts Preflight Check Film Production and Platemaking Computer to Film Systems Computer to Plate Systems Computer to Film and Computer to Plate in the Prepress Workflow Computer to... Technologies 4.1 Survey of the Technologies Computer to Film Computer to Plate Computer to Press (Direct Imaging and Computer to Print) The Use of Computer to... Technologies and Networking for the Production of Print Media Computer to Film Principles and Equipment Film Material Computer to Plate/to Cylinder/to Screen Introduction Technology of Computer to Plate Systems for Offset Printing Design Principles Imaging Methods and Plate Punching Computer to Plate Systems for Offset Printing Computer to Plate for Flexographic Printing Computer to Cylinder for Gravure Printing Computer to Screen for Screen Printing Computer to Plate Workflow Rise in Quality as a Result of Computer to Plate Productivity and Economic Efficiency Printing Plates for Digital Imaging Trends in Computer to Plate Computer to Press/Direct Imaging Computer to Press/Direct Imaging with Removal of the Master for each Print Job Computer to Press/Direct Imaging Printing Systems Expansion and Comparison of Systems Computer to Press/Direct Imaging Printing Systems with Re-imageable Master Concepts for Re-imageable Masters with Material Application/Ablation Re-imageable Printing Plate Systems without Material Application Computer to Print Printing Systems based on Electrophotography Printing Systems based on Ionography, Magnetography, and Ink Jet Design Principles of Computer to Print Systems Digital Printing Printing Technologies without a Printing Plate (NIP Technologies) 5.1 Principles and Basic Components Computer to Press/to Print Technology Non-Impact Printing Technologies (Overview) Printing Process and Functional Components in NIP Technologies Digitally Controlled Image Creation in NIP Technologies System Concepts/Architecture of Computer to Print Systems Inks for Non-Impact Printing Processes Components for Computer to Print Systems Electrophotography Principle of Electrophotography Imaging Systems Inking Unit (Developing Unit) and Toner Fixing and Cleaning Conception of the Printing Unit Ionography Printing Unit Imaging System and the Principle of Ionography Printing Unit Concepts and Printing Systems based on Ionography Magnetography Principle of Magnetography Imaging System for Magnetography Examples of Applications/Printing Systems Ink Jet Overview of Ink Jet Technologies and Processes 711

6 XVII Continuous Ink Jet, a Drop on Demand Ink Jet Technologies Structure of Ink Jet Arrays Printing Systems based on Ink Jet Technology for Multicolor Printing (Selection) Thermography Overview of Thermography Technologies Thermal Transfer Printing Systems Thermal Sublimation Printing Systems Electrography Photography "X"-Graphy Tonerjet Printing Technology Elcography Direct Imaging Printing Technology Assessment of New Types of NIP Technologies Hybrid Printing Systems 6.1 Overview of Printing Methods and Technologies Combination Variants of Hybrid Printing Systems System Concepts and Examples of Implementations Hybrid Printing Systems combining Conventional Printing Technologies Hybrid Printing Systems combining NIP Technologies Hybrid Printing Systems combining Conventional and NIP Technologies Hybrid Printing Systems combining Computer to Press/Direct Imaging with NIP Technologies Hybrid Printing Systems combining Conventional Printing Technologies with Computer to Press Technologies Hybrid Techniques for In-line and Off-line Print Production Print Finishing Processes 7.1 Classification of Print Finishing Processes 7.2 Process Steps and Procedures for Print Finishing Cutting and Die-Cutting Characterization of the Processes Cutting with Guillotine Cutters Cutting Webs Die-Cutting Folding Characterization of the Process Folding with Folding Machines Folding Bookbinding Sheets Forwarding Characterization of the Process Forwarding Process in Industrial Finishing Assembling into Blocks Characterization of the Process Gathering Gathering into Single-layer Blocks Binding Blocks Characterization of the Process Thread-Stitching Books Perfect Binding Thread-Sealing Wire-Stitching Trimming Characterization of the Process Trimming Book Blocks and Brochures Edge Treatments on Books and Brochures Characterization of the Process Process Sections of Block Edge Treatments Case Making Characterization of the Process Producing Book Covers Book Finishing Characterization of the Process The Process Sections of Book Finishing Packaging Characterization of the Process Packaging of Books and Brochures Process Structuring in Print Finishing Basic Principles of Process Structuring Production Flow in Print Finishing Interlinking Modules in Print Finishing Temporary Storage of Folded Sheets Production Lines in Print Finishing (Examples) Cutting Lines for Labels Production Lines for Mailings and Folded Products Newspaper Mailroom Mailroom for Magazines Binding Lines for Multi-layer Brochures Production Lines for Hardcovers Finishing Short Print Runs 891

7 XVIII Bag Production Systems Folding Boxes Comparison of Printing and Production 897 Technologies for Print Media 8 Material and Data Flow in Print Media Production 8.1 Material Logistics Logistics around the Press Supply of Printing Plates Paper Reel Logistics Ink, Dampening Solution, and Air Supply Waste Disposal Paper Pile Logistics for Sheet-fed Offset Presses Logistics in Printing Companies Procurement Logistics in Printing Companies Inventory Management in Printing Companies Production Logistics in Printing Companies Logistics in Publishing Houses Networking and Data Flow Network Concepts and Interfaces Digital Workflow Digital Workflow in Prepress Digital Workflow and Digital Printing (Computer to Press) Digital Workflow: Advantages, Challenges, and Possibilities CIP3 for the Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) of Printed Products Production Management/Monitoring Systems Purpose, Applications Production Monitoring Systems Production Strategies for Print Media 9.1 Production Concepts Strategic Orientation of Printing Companies Centralized and Distributed Production Centralized Production at One Site Distributed Production at Several Sites Integrated Production, Interlinking of Systems Print on Demand Personalization Production Systems Introduction Overview of Methods and Technologies for the Production of Print Media Production Methods and Strategies Criteria for the Selection of Printing Technologies and Production Methods Performance Criteria of Printing Systems and Trends in Print Media Production Quality and Productivity/Run Length Productivity Production Costs per Printed Page Trends in Print Media Production Electronic Media and Multimedia 11.1 Media Concepts Data Types, Data Structures and their Applications Text Graphics Image Audio Video Animation Virtual Reality (VR) Augmented Reality Multimedia Document Data Carriers Hard Disk Storage Units Rewritable, Removable Storage Units CD-ROM and DVD r ROM Magnetic Tapes Networks Internet Intranet, Extranet Broad Band Networks Data Compression Compressed Data Archives Compression Processes for Image Data Files Compression Processes for Audio Compression Processes for Video 999

8 XIX 11.6 Output Devices for Electronic Media and Multimedia Screen Output Projection Equipment Stereo Output Projection Directly to the Eyes Multimedia Applications Print Media and Electronic Media 12.1 Examples of Print Media and Electronic Media The Production of Print Media and Electronic Media "Electronic" Books, "Electronic" Ink, "Electronic" Paper "Electronic" Books (E-Books) "Electronic" Ink (E-Ink), "Electronic" Paper (E-Paper) Market Shares and Trends Special Topics 13.1 History, Education, Research History of Technology (Press and Prepress) Offset Printing and Offset Printing Presses Gravure Printing and Gravure Printing Presses Letterpress Printing and Letterpress Printing Presses The Historical Relationship of the Printing Press Manufacturers Prepress Education and Qualifications (Career Profiles, Courses) The Printing Industry as an Employer Educational Requirements and Options Vocational Training Course of Study Scholarships for International Study Programs Heidelberg Print Media Academy Science and Research (selected Examples) Subjects, Methods, and Cooperations Inking Units Printing Units Sheet Transfer Industrial Joint Research Environment, Safety, Standardization Environmental Protection in the Printing Industry Introduction Environmental Protection in Offset Printing Environmental Protection in Gravure Printing Environmental Protection in Letterpress and Flexographic Printing Environmental Protection in Screen Printing Environment-oriented Business Management Legal Foundations Support and Advice for Environmentrelevant Measures Safety Resources Health and Safety International and European Directives (Laws) and Standards Safety-conscious Design Requirements for Separating Protective Devices Hazard Analysis, Risk Assessment CE and GS Marks of Conformity Intended Use Industry Standards, Codes of Practice and National/International Standards Markets and Development Trends for Print Media Newspaper Market Magazine Market Book Market Catalog Market Advertising Printing Market Packaging Market SOHO Market Appendix 14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms Glossary Abbreviations and their Meaning (Selection) Abbreviations for Source References Information Physical/Technical Quantities and Conversions Quantities and Units in the Si-System (Selection) Conversion between the Si-System and the Imperial System (Metric/Imperial) 1133

9 XX 14.3 Bibliography, List of References to Readings on the Chapters and Sections in this Handbook Selected Literature on Print Media related Topics (General Bibliography and Individual Topics) Standards (Selection) Prepress Printing Inks Substrates Materials (Printing Plates, Blankets) Printing Technologies and Printing Presses Finishing Quality, Quality Specifications, and Measurement Techniques Safety of Machinery Environmental Management Research Associations and Educational Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection) Universities Research Institutes and Research Centers Institutions for Teaching/Training and Education Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) Associations and Organizations Industrial Joint Research International Conferences for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection) Subject Index 1173