Lesson 2: Light Energy UNIT 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY. (Unit 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY) Light LESSON 3. Energy U1.

Transcription

1 Lesson 2: Light Energy UNIT 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY (Unit 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY) LESSON 3 Light Energy U1.L6

2 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w u UNIT 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY LESSON 3 Light Energy Light travels in a straight line unless something blocks, bounces, or bends it. Students learn how different materials interact with light. U1.L3 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A * DRAFT

3 Reef Pulse - Table of Contents 4 Launch! Light and dark. Light and dark are opposites. 6 Line of Light A1: Straight. Light energy travels in a straight line. 12 Follow the Light A2: Reflection. You see when objects reflect light back to your eyes. 20 Block the Light A3: Transmission. Scientists classify materials based on how much light passes through them. 26 Mirror Mirror A4: Refraction. Light bends when it passes between transparent materials. 32 Covering Colors A5: Light Affects Color. Day, night, and in-between coral reef animals have different colors. DRAFT Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A * U1.L3 t

4 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w What is Light? Launch! (Light/Dark) Light and dark are opposites. Energy! Ready? Nothing to prepare. Materials: Nothing to gather Hawaii Standards: SC.K.6.1 Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 1-Lesosn 3-Activity 2: Follow the Light (Reflection) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Block the Light (Transmission) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 4: Mirror Mirror (Refraction) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Covering Colors (Light Affects Color) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 4 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.Launch! *

5 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 Launch! Think about it... What is the opposite of dark? Launch! Chant and clap to the Opposites Cheer as a class. Reading Resource All About Light by Lisa Trumbauer (J 535 Tr) I say hot, you say. Hot!! Hot!! [Cold] I say on, you say. On!! On!! [Off] I say dark, you say. Dark!! Dark!! [Light] Did You Know? Light and heat often go hand-in-hand. Think about incandescent light bulbs, the sun, or a toaster s coils glowing red hot. How it works Light! Light is a source of energy. We use it every day! Just for fun Create your own opposite cheer. NOAA Link NOAA s Environmental Technology Laboratory scientists use light to determine information about far-away objects. Search Light Beams Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.Launch! * 5

6 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w Materials Flashlight (1 per pair) Hole punch Index cards (3 per group) Masking tape Construction paper (black) Overhead projector Scissors Tape White paper Glue Pencil Cardstock Chopsticks Sheet (white) Hawaii Standards SC.K.2.1 SC SC SC how does light travel? Ready? Line of Light (Straight) Engage Remind class to bring small, non-led flashlight to school. Explore Use hole punch to cut a hole in center of index cards (three per group). Tape a piece of black paper to wall (one per group). Place an X on the black paper with masking tape at eye level. Elaborate Position overhead projector or light to shine onto whiteboard or wall at students eye level. Set? Unit 1-Lesson 2-Activity 5: Making Changes (Changing States) Unit 1-Lesosn 3-Activity 2: Follow the Light (Reflection) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Block the Light (Transmission) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 4: Mirror Mirror (Refraction) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Covering Colors (Light Affects Color) Go! straight! Light energy travels in a straight line. Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 6 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A1 *

7 Think about it... Which sense uses light? Engage Sense light in pairs. WARNING: Do NOT shine light directly into anyone s eyes! Partner 1: Close eyes. Keep them closed throughout activity! Partner 2: Shine flashlight on partner s ear. Partner 1: Say whether you can hear light. Partner 2: Shine flashlight on partner s tongue. Partner 1: Say whether you can taste light. Partner 2: Shine flashlight on partner s nose. Partner 1: Say whether you can smell light. Partner 2: Shine flashlight on partner s arm. Partner 1: Say whether you can feel light. Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A1 Interesting Fact There are many types of light energy: radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and gamma rays. Humans cannot see these types of light. Invention center Conrad Hubert invented the flashlight. He called it an electric hand torch. Partner 2: Shine flashlight on partner s chest. Partner 1: Put chin on chest and open eyes. Say whether you can see light. Switch, and repeat activity. Just for Fun Shine a flashlight through a comb and into a twoliter soda bottle partially filled with water. Observe the light. Squeeze bottle. What happens to the light energy? Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A1 * 7

8 Line of Light Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it... Does light travel in a straight line? Explore Conduct the Light Line activity in groups of four. Three students hold an index card upright in a single file line resting on top a flat surface. Position line in front of black paper. Fourth student: Shine flashlight through holes. The holes in each card will let the ray of light shine through them and onto the black paper. Shift middle card slightly to the right. The holes no longer align. Shine flashlight through all holes again. Does the light hit the black paper? **Activity Extension for Older Students** Make activity into an experiment! Ask a question. Does light travel in a straight line? Do background research. Construct a hypothesis. If (I do this), then (this) will happen. Make a prediction. Test with an experiment. Create control: Line up cardboard pieces with holes aligned. Create variables: Position cardboard piece so holes do not lie fully align with each other. Test how light shines through the holes in each set of cardboard pieces. Analyze data. Communicate results. 8 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A1 *

9 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A1 Explain Scientists say......optics for the study of light. Without light energy, we could not see. The sun provides the main source of light energy to our planet. Which sense uses light? Sight! We cannot see without light. Our eyes can see shapes and outlines with only a nightlight. But we need at least some light to see! Uncle says instead of nightlights, many nocturnal fish have huge eyes to catch as much light energy as they can! Does light travel in a straight line? Yes! Think of when the light got through to the black paper. All the holes rested in a line! What happened when you moved an index card? Something blocked the line of light, so the light could not travel through the holes. What s in a Word? Optics comes from the Greek word optikos, having to do with sight. Invention Center Night-vision goggles allow you to see when it is dark. How? Night-vision goggles detect and enhance small amounts of visible light, as well as infrared light. Career Corner Optometrists check the health of people s eyes. How does the word itself give you a clue to what optometrists do? Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A1 * 9

10 Line of Light Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it... What happens when something gets in the path of light? Elaborate Make silhouette cards. Switch on projector. Shine onto white paper taped to a whiteboard at students eye level. Partner 1: Stand sideways in light beam. Close eyes! Do NOT look into beam. Partner 2: Place partner so their head s shadow falls entirely onto paper. You might need to adjust light or paper. Trace shadow onto paper. Switch roles with new paper. Tape white paper lightly to a sheet of black. Cut silhouette from both sheets at same time. Fold new sheet of black paper into card shape. Connect new half sheet of white paper to one side at fold. Glue black silhouette onto white side of card. Face toward center. Glue white silhouette onto black side of card. Face toward center. How it works Blocks light! We observe blocked light as shadows. When you see your shadow, you blocked light! 10 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A1 *

11 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A1 Evaluate How does light travel? Answer by creating a Wayang Kulit puppet show in small groups. Keiki Storytime What Makes a Shadow? by Clyde Robert Bulla (J 535 B) Create characters for your puppet show. Draw on an 8.5 x 11-inch cardstock. Cut. Tape each to a chopstick. Set up an Indonesian style theater. Hang a white sheet across the stage area. Stand behind the sheet. Shine a bright light from behind the back of the sheet. Have your character tell the class something you learned about light. Characters move between light and sheet. Audience sits in front of the sheet and see only shadows. Cultural Note Wayang Kulit is Indonesian theater that uses light and shadow. Traditional puppets are made of water buffalo skin and bamboo sticks. The puppet master controls all the characters and narrates the story. What examples of light-generating technologies do you see around the room? NOAA Link Use your shadow to learn more about the seasons in this NOAA JetStream activity. Assess Search Shadow Knows SC.K.2.1 Identify different types of technologies at home, in the classroom, and/or in the world. SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. SC Develop predictions based on observations. SC Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely to test a prediction. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A1 * 11

12 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w Materials Rubber ball (3 per group) Flashlight (1 per student) Pocket mirrors (flat, square) (1 per student) Milk cartons (quart) (2 per group) Pencil Packing tape Hawaii Standards SC.K.2.1 SC.K.6.1 Follow the Light (Reflection) Ready? Explore Ask students to bring in a flashlight and small mirror from home. Elaborate Prepare periscope (U1.L3.A2-page 18) (one set per group). Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Block the Light (Transmission) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 4: Mirror Mirror (Refraction) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Covering Colors (Light Affects Color) Go! What is reflection? bounced light! You see when objects reflect light back to your eyes Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. SC SC SC Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 *

13 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A2 Think about it... How does bouncing light move? Engage Bounce balls in small groups. Keiki Storytime The Magic School Bus Gets a Bright Idea by Nancy White (J 535 Wh) Sit down in a line several feet away from the wall. Face wall. Give student in middle of line a ball. Student with ball: Roll ball to wall so it bounces back to another student. Name the student before you roll. Add more balls to the line so several roll at a time. What s in a Word? Reflection comes from the Latin word reflexionem, meaning a bending back. NOAA Link NOAA satellites in space reflect light! >>Satellites Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 * 13

14 Follow the Light Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Explore Think about it... How can you observe bouncing light? Bounce light off a mirror individually. Darken room. Shine a flashlight onto a mirror. Take care not to point mirror into anyone s eyes. Move mirror around. Observe what happens to light. 14 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 *

15 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A2 Explain Scientists sort things by whether or not they make their own light. The sun, stars, and light bulbs all make their own light. Most things do not. How can you see them? They bounce (reflect) light back to your eyes! How does bouncing light move? In a straight line! Your ball went in a straight line until it hit something (the wall). Then it bounced back in another straight line. How can you observe bouncing light? Mirror! You can see light hitting something reflective and bouncing back, just like the bouncing balls! Reading Resource Experiments with Light and Mirrors by Robert Gardner (J G) Did You Know? When light energy reflects, it always bounces off of the surface at the same angle it hit the surface. Interesting Fact During the day, land heats up more than oceans. Why? Answer: Water reflects more sunlight. This prevents light and heat energy to raise the water temperature as much as it raises the land temperature. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 * 15

16 Follow the Light Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it... What is the best reflective surface? Elaborate Make a periscope in small groups. Slide mirrors into prepared milk carton slots (U1.L3.A2-page 18). Use one mirror per carton. Reflective side should face hole. Tape loosely. Look through each carton s hole. You should see the ceiling in mirror. If ceiling looks tilted, adjust mirror. Stand one carton on your desk. Hole should face you. Hold second carton above first carton. Hole should face away from you. Slide upside-down carton into standing carton. Pinch sides of top carton to fit. Cartons should overlap one-half inch and stand straight. Tape together. Look through your periscope! Look through the bottom hole to see over things. Look through top hole to see under tables. Hold sideways to see around corners. How it works Mirrors! Smooth objects, like glass or water, reflect a picture of what appears in front of them. Tutu says paper, for example, has a lot of bumps. All those little bumps make light reflect in different directions, it does not reflect images. 16 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 *

17 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A2 Evaluate What is reflection? Answer by bouncing light in groups of four. Choose one student to hold flashlight. Rest of students hold mirrors. Go into a darkened room. What s in a Word? Periscope comes from the Greek words peri (around) and scope (instrument for viewing). Flashlight student: Shine light at one mirror. Mirror students: Position your mirror so light bounces to another mirror. Continue bouncing light. Choose a specific place you want to shine light and use mirrors to bounce it there. Invention Center Submarines use periscopes so they can see what is going on above water. Why do you think people invented the periscope? Assess SC.K.2.1 Identify different types of technologies at home, in the classroom, and/or in the world. SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of which they are made). SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. Historical Note Ancient Egyptians used metals, like copper, as reflective surfaces. Romans invented glass mirrors. More Inventions Mirrors are used in so many different things: telescopes, televisions, cars, and for decorations. SC Develop predictions based on observations. SC Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely to test a prediction. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 * 17

18 Making a Periscope U1.L3.A2: Follow the Light (elaborate) Cut and remove top roof of milk cartons. Cut square hole in bottom of one side, with a 1/4-inch border around. Set carton on its side so the side with the square hole is on the right. On the side now on top, mark the spot 2-3/4 inches up the left edge. Draw diagonal line from marked point to the bottom right corner. Cut just long enough to fit mirror. You may need to make the slit wider for the mirror. Slide mirrors into milk carton slots. Use one mirror per carton. Reflective side should face hole. Tape loosely. Slide upsidedown carton into standing carton. Pinch sides of top carton to fit. Cartons should overlap one-half inch and stand straight. Tape together. 18 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 *

19 Intentionally Left Blank Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A2 * 19

20 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w what categories do we sort materials based on how much light passes through? Block the Light (Transmission) Ready? transparent, translucent, opaque! Scientists classify materials based on how much light passes through them. Evaluate Gather transparent, translucent, and opaque objects. Materials Clear glass Water Transparency sheets Tissue paper Cardstock Colored markers Projector Clear shrink plastic (1 per person) White shrink plastic (1 per person) Colored pencils Toaster oven Bowl Water Various objects Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.3 SC.K.3.1 SC.K.5.1 SC.K.6.1 Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 1-Lesosn 3-Activity 2: Follow the Light (Reflection) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 4: Mirror Mirror (Refraction) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Covering Colors (Light Affects Color) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. SC SC SC Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A3 *

21 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A3 Think about it... What does something look like when light passes through it? Engage Describe the color of water. Look at water in a clear glass. Scientists Say......transmit for light passing through an object. Brain Bender Do transparent objects cast shadows? Describe what you see. Think about it Why does the ocean look blue when water in a glass is clear? Answer: It reflects the blue sky above it! Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A3 * 21

22 Block the Light Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it How can you tell if something lets light pass through it? Explore Do Color and Shine in small groups. Draw on transparency sheets. Use colored markers. Draw on tissue paper. Use colored markers. Draw on cardstock. Use colored markers. Turn on projector. Place transparency sheet on projector. Observe. Place tissue paper on projector. Observe. Place cardstock paper on projector. Observe. 22 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A3 *

23 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A3 Explain Light energy does not always reflect off of objects. Sometimes it passes through them! What does something look like when light passes through it? Clear! Think of the water. Light energy passes right through it. Aunty says you can see beautiful reefs when you go snorkeling because light energy passes through the water! How can you tell if something lets light pass through it? You can see through it! Scientists sort objects by how much light they pass. Transparent things let all light pass through them. Opaque (rhymes with cake) things let no light through them. Translucent things let some light through them. Did You Know? Some material, like glass, has no effect on visible light, yet blocks ultraviolet light. Invention Center X-ray machines take pictures of your bones. How do they work? Bones block x-rays (a form of light energy), but your skin does not! Field Trip Go to your local aquarium and see if you can identify any transparent or translucent animals. (CORAL REEF SCENE WITH LIGHT DESCENDING) Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A3 * 23

24 Block the Light Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it... Can light pass through fish? Elaborate Make translucent and opaque fish individually. Cut one fish from clear shrink plastic and one from white shrink plastic. Remember they will shrink so make them big. Color both fish yellow with colored pencil. Optional: Poke a hole in plastic so you can use it as a key chain later. Teacher: Bake fish in a toaster oven as directed for shrink plastic. Float fish in a bowl of water. Observe fish in water for similarities and differences. How it works Sometimes! Yellow tang change from translucent when first emerging out of the plankton to opaque a few days later. Uncle says scientists swimming underwater use this characteristic to tell their age! They have yellow coloring, but some light can actually pass through the juvenile yellow tang. 24 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A3 *

25 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A3 Evaluate What categories do we sort materials based on how much light passes through? Answer by creating a transparency chart individually. Look at the selected objects. Classify as transparent, translucent, or opaque. Make a chart of various objects. Sort by transparent, translucent, and opaque. How do you think transparency or translucency might help an ocean animal? What s in a Word? Translucent comes from the Latin words trans (through) and lucere (to shine). On a Related Note Opaque comes from the Latin word opacus (shaded, dark). Web Resource There are interesting ocean animals that have translucent bodies. Assess com Search translucent creatures SC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things. SC.K.3.1 Identify similarities and differences between plants and animals. SC.K.5.1 Identify ways in which some offspring are very much like their parents, although not exactly. SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of which they are made). SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. SC Identify ways in which the same kinds of plants and the same kinds of animals differ. SC Develop predictions based on observations. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A3 * 25

26 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w What is refraction? Mirror Mirror (Refraction) bent light! Light bends when it passes between transparent materials. Ready? Materials Newspaper Clear cup (1 per student) Pencil (1 per student) Pitcher of water Paper Small objects (paper clip, button, toys) Plastic wrap Rubber band (1 per student) Aluminum pie plate (1 per group) Penny (1 per group) Paper Magnifier (1 per student) Nothing to prepare. Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 1-Lesosn 3-Activity 2: Follow the Light (Reflection) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Block the Light (Transmission) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 5: Covering Colors (Light Affects Color) Go! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.3 SC.K.2.1 SC SC Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A4 *

27 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A4 Think about it... When does light bend? Engage Bend a pencil individually! Scientists Say......refraction when talking about bending light. Put a pencil into a clear cup. Look at pencil through side of cup. Draw what you see. Fill cup halfway with water. Look at the pencil through side of cup. Draw and describe change in your pencil s appearance. What s in a Word? Refraction comes from the Latin word refractionem (breaking up). Did you Know? Rainbows are a result of sunlight being refracted by drops of water in the atmosphere. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A4 * 27

28 Mirror Mirror Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it How does water change what you see in tide pools? Explore Make a water magnifier individually. Put a few small objects into empty plastic cup. Cover cup loosely with plastic wrap. Secure with rubber band. Push down on plastic wrap gently. It should lie concave (not flat). Pour a little water onto plastic wrap. Water should pool in the middle. Look downwards into the container. Describe what you see. 28 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A4 *

29 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A4 Explain You know light moves in a straight line. Tutu Kane says light can bend in certain situations. When does light bend? Traveling from one transparent material (air) to another (water)! Light travels at a different speed in air than in water. When the light hits the water in the cup, the change in speed causes the direction of the light ray to change. How does water change what you see in tide pools? Bends light! This can make animals appear larger than reality. Or, it can make them appear to be in a different place than actuality. Scientists Say......convex if items curve outward and concave if they curve inward. Lenses have convex, concave, or a mixture of the two shapes. The shape determines how they bend light. Invention center Many credit Dutchman Hans Lippershey with the invention of the telescope. As the story goes, he noticed some children playing with a few of his shop s eyeglass lenses. By lining up two of them, they could see a stork s nest on a far away steeple. Just for Fun Scientists call the illusion of the broken pencil (U1-L3- A4-page 27), refraction. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A4 * 29

30 Mirror Mirror Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it... What is an optical illusion? Elaborate Find the hidden penny in small groups! Put a penny in the middle of a pie plate. Place pie plate on desk. Kneel so you cannot see the penny. Carefully pour water into pie plate until the penny appears. Take care not to overflow the pie plate! How it works Trick on your eyes! They make things look different than reality. Water bends light, so the penny suddenly appears. Tutu says magicians and other performance artists use optical illusions, like what you just did, to wow audiences. 30 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A4 *

31 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A4 Evaluate What is refraction? Answer by playing with a magnifying glass individually. Look at the world through a magnifying glass. Change the distance between the magnifying glass and your eyes. Observe. Did You Know? Have you ever thought you saw a puddle of water on the road on a really hot day, only to have it disappear when you got closer? This is a mirage! Warm air and cold air bend light slightly different ways. The brain interprets it as a puddle of water. You can actually take pictures of a mirage! Explain why things look bigger through a magnifying glass. (Hint: Think of tide pools.) How do you use refraction everyday? What s in a Word? Mirage comes from the Latin word mirare meaning to appear. Assess SC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things. SC.K.2.1 Identify different types of technologies at home, in the classroom, and/ or in the world. Invention Center Many inventions bend light, such as eyeglasses, magnigying glasses, telescopes, and microscopes! SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. SC Develop predictions based on observations. On a Replated Note Magnifying glasses work by gathering light from a wide area and focusing the light at the center so the other side appears sharp and bright. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A4 * 31

32 Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy w Materials Shoebox (1 per group) Construction paper (red, blue, white, yellow) Scissors Glue Craft sticks (4 per group) Glycerin (1 Tbsp) Water (1 gallon) Dishwashing liquid (1 cup) Container (bigger than a gallon) Cups (1 per pair) Balloons Straw Flashlight Index card Drawing materials Hawaii Standards SC.K.1.3 SC.K.3.1 SC.K.6.1 SC SC SC SC SC why do animals look a different color during the day than at night? Covering Colors (Light Affects Color) Day, night, and in-between coral reef animals have different colors. Ready? Explore Make a slot and eye hole in shoebox. Cut one-by-five-inch rectangular slot in shoebox lid (two-inches from back edge). Cut eye hole in front side of shoebox (U1.L3.A5-page 32 for illustration). Elaborate Make bubble solution. Mix one tablespoon of glycerin, one gallon of water, and one cup of dishwashing detergent. Pour into container. Evaluate Blow up balloons (one per student). Set? Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: Line of Light (Straight) Unit 1-Lesosn 3-Activity 2: Follow the Light (Reflection) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 3: Block the Light (Transmission) Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 4: Mirror Mirror (Refraction) Go! light! Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students. 32 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A5 *

33 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A5 Think about it... How does color change with light? Engage Compare colors in light and dark as a class. Look around the classroom. Name different colors you see. Turn off the lights. Leave curtains (or equivalent) slightly open. Observe any differences in the colors you see. Close curtains (or equivalent) completely. Observe any differences in the colors you see. Reading Resource Coral Reef: A City That Never Sleeps by Mary M. Cerullo (J Ce) Just for Fun Observe red cars at night. What color do they look? (Black!) On a Related Note Fire departments paint their engines yellow now. Red appears black at night, making them hard to see. NOAA Link Deep in the ocean, light cannot travel through the water. Watch some videos from the deep sea. gov Search Celebe Sea 2007 >> Photo and Video Log Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A5 * 33

34 Covering Colors Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Explore Think about it... Why are daytime herbivorous fish brightly-colored and nighttime ones red? See how colors look different at night in small groups. Cut out red, blue, white, and yellow fish shapes from construction paper. Glue each to an end of a craft stick. Put yellow fish through slot in prepared shoebox. Look through eye hole. Note how the color looks in the dark box. Repeat with other colors. Record which fish is hardest to see in the dark box and which is easiest. 34 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A5 *

35 Explain Marine critters depend on light energy to know when to sleep, hunt, and eat. Some animals stay awake during the day and sleep at night. Others sleep during the day and stay awake at night. Still others hunt mostly at dawn or dusk. You can often tell by their coloring which animals sleep when! How does color change with light? Disappears! The less light, the fewer color you can see. Why are daytime herbivorous fish brightly-colored and nighttime ones red? Amount of light. Tutu says daytime animals, like yellow tangs, often have bright colors because they move around when the sun provides plenty of light energy to showcase them. The red color of many nocturnal animals, such as mempachi, helps them to remain hidden in the nighttime darkness when they look for prey and avoid predators. Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A5 Scientists Say......diurnal for daytime animals, nocturnal for nighttime animals, and crepuscular for those active at dawn or dusk. What s in a Word? Diurnal comes from the Latin word dies (day). Nocturnal comes from the Latin word nox (night). NOAA Link Color daytime and nighttime pictures of Hawaii s coral reef from Papahanaumokuakea National Marine Monument. >> Education >> For Kids Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A5 * 35

36 Covering Colors Unit 1: MATTER! Light Energy Think about it... Why is red so hard to see at night? Elaborate Do the Disappearing Color activity in pairs! Blow a bubble with a straw. Dip straw into prepared bubble solution and drip on table. Blow slowly so bubble rests on table. Shine strong flashlight onto bubble. Observe rainbows. Slide index card slowly between light and bubble. Watch as each color disappears. How it works Wavelength! Red has the longest wavelength. Violet (purple) has the shortest. The other colors fall in between them. Aunty says colors with longer wavelengths disappear first at night, which explains why nocturnal fish are red. They want to disappear from their predators! 36 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A5 *

37 Reef Pulse - U1 L3 A5 Evaluate Why do animals have a different color during the day than at night? Answer by making and sorting balloon fish individually. Turn different color balloons into fish. Use markers or construction paper to draw or tape body parts. Explain if your fish is a daytime fish or nighttime fish. How does their color help them survive in their environment? Why are sharks grey? Scientists Say......visible spectrum for the range of color and their wavelengths. Interesting Fact Colors in a rainbow are organized in order of wavelength! Red has the longest wavelength and is always on the top. Violet is always on the bottom. Assess SC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things. SC.K.3.1 Identify similarities and differences between plants and animals. SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of which they are made). SC Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely. SC Explain the results of an investigation to an audience using simple data organizers (e.g., charts, graphs, pictures). SC Identify the requirements of plants and animals to survive (e.g., food, air, light, water). SC Describe the physical characteristics of living things that enable them to live in their environment. Did You Know? You can remember the colors of the rainbow in order by memorizing ROY G. BIV. It stands for red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Hawaii Nei You most often see sharks at dawn or dusk. Their grey skin blends in with the darkening sky. SC Develop predictions based on observations. Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L3.A5 * 37