Directory of Home Labs, Materials List, and SOLs

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1 Directory of Home Labs, Materials List, and SOLs Home Lab 1 Introduction and Light Rays, Images and Shadows SOLS K.7a, K.7b A 60 Watt white frosted light bulb (a bulb that you can not directly see the wires inside) A small desk lamp for the light bulb Standard 8 1/2 x 11 paper, construction paper, and cardboard. Masking tape, scissors, 12 ruler with cm tickmarks, meter stick, pencil or magic marker. Activity 1 1: Light rays and shadows Activity 1-2: Effects on the shadow due the distance between the light source and the object Activity 1-3: Effects on the shadow due the distance between the object and the screen Activity 1-4: Square hole round shadow hmmm. Home Lab 2 Pinhole Viewer Box SOLS K.7a, K.7b A 60 Watt white frosted light bulb (a bulb that you can not directly see the wires inside) A small desk lamp for the light bulb 1 large box (about copy paper box size) 1 smaller box (small enough to fit inside the big box) Wax paper, aluminum foil, a few index cards, masking tape, scissors, ruler, meter stick 1 small needle, 1 larger needle, 1 small nail Can of black spay paint (optional) Activity 2-1: Construction of the pinhole camera Activity 2-2: Image of the light bulb Activity 2-3: Effect of distance between the pinhole and lightbulb (object) Home Lab 3 Pinhole Viewer Box Continued SOLS K.7a, K.7b Same as in Home Lab 2 Activity 3-1: Effect of the distance between the viewing screen and the pinhole on the image size Activity 3-2: Effect of the diameter of the pinhole on the size, clarity, and brightness of the image. Activity 3-3: Measuring the diameter of the sun 1

2 Home Lab 4 Reflection of Light Rays Laser pointer, glass rod cylinder, 3 flat mirrors, paper protractor on last page Materials not Provided Support for 3 mirrors (4 wooden clothes pen, clamps, etc.), paper, pen or pencil, 12 ruler with cm tickmarks Activity 4-1: Tracing reflected light rays from a mirror Activity 4-2: Law of reflection Activity 4-3: Light maze prediction Activity 4-4: Where to put the mirror Activity 4 5: Corner Cube reflector Home Lab 5 Refraction of Light Rays Plastic rectangular block Laser-pointer. Materials not Included: 2 different sizes (small and larger (larger = 600mL or smaller)) of beakers (or round drinking glasses with vertical sides). A coin (penny, nickel, dime, etc.) A pencil, pen, or straw Small amount of milk or milk powder. Lamp or flashlight. Clear plastic sticky tape Activity 5-1: The Broken Pencil Activity 5-2: Index of Refraction Activity 5-3: Where s my money Activity 5-3 : Seeing Multiples Activity 5-5: Thick Lenses and Beam Spreaders Activity 5-6: The focusing and spreading out of parallel rays of light 2

3 Home Lab 6 Dispersion, Color and Waves Materials Included Equilateral Prism A diffraction grating Red, blue, green, yellow, magenta, and cyan filters White light source from led in laser pointer Bright sunlight Template Flat white vertical surface or wall or screen An overhead projector and white screen or wall Thin opaque cardboard or black construction paper larger than the diffraction grating in which to mount the diffraction grating plus some sticky tape. Thin opaque cardboard or black construction paper large enough to cover the Fresnel lens of the overhead projector. Activity 6-1: Observing a spectrum of light from Diffraction Grating Activity 6-2: Evaluation of Colored Filters Activity 6-3: Dispersion of Sunlight from a Prism Activity 6 4: Diffraction of Light from Overhead Projector using a Slit and Diffraction grating Activity 6-5: Spectrum of Subtractive Light from Overhead Projector using an Anti-Slit and Diffraction Grating Home Lab 7 Refraction, Snell s Law, and Mirages Laser pointer Cylindrical plastic rod Parallel-sided plastic rectangular prism Plastic triangular prism Materials not Provided White paper Protractor 3

4 Sticky tape Hot plate or electric burner on stove cm of aluminum foil oven mitten Activity 7-1 Snell s Law Activity 7-2 Refraction of light from a triangular prism Activity 7-3 Mirages Home Lab 8 Curved Mirrors, Ray Diagrams, and Simulations Materials Included Economy Optical Bench and accessories 10 cm focal length concave mirror Scotch Tape 13 Watt Fluorescent Light source Paper 12 ruler with cm tickmarks Activity 8 1: Focal Length of a Concave Mirror Method I Activity 8 2: Focal Length of a Concave Mirror Method II Activity 8 3: Focal Length of a Concave Mirror Method III Activity 8 4: Computer simulations illustrating graphical analysis Activity 8 5: Computer simulations -more analysis of convex mirrors. Activity 8 6: Ray Diagrams for Concave Mirrors Home Lab 9 Lenses, Lens Equation, and Simulations Economy Optical Bench and accessories 30 mm Diameter Double Convex Lens 50 mm Diameter Plano-Convex Lens Light source 12 Ruler wih cm tickmarks Activity 9-1: Focal length of a convex lens Activity 9-2: Size and brightness of the image from a convex lens Activity 9-3: Relationship between object distance and image distance from the convex lens 4

5 Activity 9-4: Relationship between diameter of the convex lens and the intensity of the image Activity 9-5: How do you find the focal length of a concave lens Activity 9-6: The effect of changing the index of refraction of the glass (Simulation) Home Lab 10 Using Multiple Lenses, PH.11 a, b, PH.11 c, d Economy Optical Bench and Accessories 30 mm diameter Double Convex lens 50 mm diameter Plano-Convex Lens Light source 12 Ruler with cm tickmarks Activity 10 1: Focal Length of a Concave Lens Activity 10 2: Focal Length of a Concave Lens (Simulation) Activity 10 3: Back to Back Double Convex Lens and Plano-Convex Lens Activity 10 3: Back to Back Double Convex Lens and Double-Concave Lens Activity 10 5: Magnification Properties of Lenses Activity 10 6: Image Formation From a Convex and Concave Lens (Simulation) Home Lab 11 Optical Instruments: A Simple Magnifier and Galilean and Keplerian Telescopes, PH.11 a, b, PH.11 c, d Economy Optical Bench and accessory kit 30 mm Diameter Double Convex lens 40 mm Diameter Double-Convex Lens 50 mm Diameter Plano-Convex Lens Light Source Two 12 Rulers with cm tickkmark 5

6 Activity 11-1: A Simple Magnifier Activity 11-2: Galilean Like Telescope Activity 11-3: Keplerian Like Telescope Home Lab 12 Polarization, PH.11 a, b, PH.11 c, d Activity 12 1: Determination of the axes of a piece of Polaroid. Activity 12 2: Polarization by absorption Activity 12 3: Polarization by reflection of white light Actviity 12 4: Polarization by scattering of white light. Actviity 12 4: Polarization by scattering of red laser light. Home Lab 13 Interference Activity 13 1: Thin film Interference of reflected light from air and glass interfaces Activity 13 2: Thin film Interference of reflected light from chemical and water interfaces Activity 13 3: Thin film Interference of reflected light from soap bubbles Home Lab 14 Diffraction Activity 14 1: Diffraction of red laser light from a slit Activity 14 2: Diffraction of red laser light from a hair (anti-slit) Activity 14 3: Diffraction and interference from two hairs Home Lab 15 Diffraction Gratings Activity 15 1: Diffraction from a transmission grating Activity 15 2: Diffraction in reflection in a compact disk (CD) Activity 15 3: Determination of track separation in a compact disk (CD) 6

7 Standard K.7 SOL s for Light and Optics The student will investigate and understand that shadows occur when light is blocked by an object. Key concepts include a) shadows occur in nature when sunlight is blocked by an object; and b) shadows can be produced by blocking artificial light sources. Standard 5.3 The student will investigate and understand basic characteristics of visible light and how it behaves. Key concepts include a) the visible spectrum and light waves; b) refraction of light through water and prisms; c) reflection of light from reflective surfaces (mirrors); d) opaque, transparent, and translucent; and e) historical contributions in understanding light. Standard PS.9 The student will investigate and understand the nature and technological applications of light. Key concepts include a) the wave behavior of light (reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference); b) images formed by lenses and mirrors; and the electromagnetic spectrum. Standard PH.9 b, c The student will investigate and understand how to use models of transverse and longitudinal waves to interpret wave phenomena. Key concepts include b) fundamental wave processes (reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, polarization, Doppler effect); and c) light and sound in terms of wave models. 7

8 Standard PH.11 a, b The student will investigate and understand, in describing optical systems, how light behaves in the fundamental processes of reflection, refraction, and image formation. Key concepts include a) application of the laws of reflection and refraction; and b) construction and interpretation of ray diagrams. Standard PH.11 c, d The student will investigate and understand, in describing optical systems, how light behaves in the fundamental processes of reflection, refraction, and image formation. Key concepts include c) development and use of mirror and lens equations; and d) predictions of types, size, and position of real and virtual images. 8

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