LOCATION: NAYLAND with WISSINGTON, SUFFOLK Field immediately to the east of Smallbridge Hall Farm, centered NGR TL930331

Transcription

1 EHER 9269 LOCATION: NAYLAND with WISSINGTON, SUFFOLK Field immediately to the east of Smallbridge Hall Farm, centered NGR TL Background The 1838 Tithe Map and Historic Ordnance Survey maps show that this field (outlined in green on fig. 1) was originally subdivided into a number of smaller units that became joined through time but still existed as four fields until the 1970s. The northern part of the current field is delineated by a road (constructed in the 18 th century to service the canal), the east by a disused cut for the Stour navigation, to the south by the river and to the west by the driveway leading to the hall. On the south-west corner of the field stands the substantially altered remains of a large Tudor moated house (Smallbridge Hall). The Tudor hall superseded a medieval residence. Some of the linear features are likely to be connected with these residencies. Previous surveys Cropmarks in this field have been recorded on separately on both SHER (NYW 18, 19, 20, 21 and 25) (see fig. 2) and EHER (9269) as well as by Stour Valley crop-mark project (Brown, Knopp and Strachan 2002, 17 fig. 7) and the NMP (complex 50) (fig. 3). The aerial photographs that have informed these sources are derived from slides taken by Ida McMaster, Cambridge University Aerial Photograph Programme, RCHME, Peter Rogers and ECC. A number of worked flints (blades and scrapers) and cores have been recovered from the field. A scatter of late medieval and post-medieval finds have also been reported. Analysis of the cropmarks Taken together, the aerial photographs (for example, fig. 4) show a series of linear and rectilinear cropmarks, two ring ditches and a rounded enclosure (fig. 5). The linear and rectilinear cropmarks would appear to represent the remains of field systems and track ways representing at least two phases. (A) forms the southern boundary of a field called Weston (or Wiston) Green (fig. 2) which is depicted on the 1838 tithe map but had disappeared by the time of the 1 st edition Ordnance Survey map (1880s), although its line continued as a footpath until c2000. The deviation of the line at the SW end of the linear feature also at one time formed part of this field. Some of the other linear features could represent agricultural buildings connected with the hall. (B) is also a field boundary which appeared on the tithe map and was extant until the 1970s.

2 (C) is shown on the 1967 OS map as a field drain, the linear mark running parallel to it across much of the field, like the other linear features, is likely to be an earlier field boundary. This boundary continues the line of the moat around the hall (D) is a curvilinear/rounded enclosure (SHER NYW 019), circa 50m in diameter with possible entrance to west. It is traversed by the field boundary belonging to Weston Green and cut by the 18 th century road. (E) is a ring ditch, circa 15 metres in diameter (SHER NYW 020). Its northern edge is crossed by the road and it also traversed by part of the field system. To the south of it appears a truncated track way associated with what appears to be a small rectilinear enclosure. (F) is a small ring ditch (SHER NYW 021), circa 5 metres in diameter. Crop-marks D, E and F form part of NMP complex 50, which is a linear arrangement appearing to cut off the neck of a meander of the Stour. This is a characteristic noted at a number of sites within the valley including the cursus sites. Dr Mark Curteis 2014 APPENDICES EHER: 9269 Smallbridge Hall Farm Cropmarks: one circular, others linear and rectilinear. Cropmarks: one circular, others linear and rectilinear. <1> AP refs. <2> <3> Monument type Circular enclosure Rectangular enclosure Rectilinear enclosure Linear feature <1> Mention : SMR (unknown) Dated : unknown <2> Aerial Photo : 0.16 (McMaster, I) Dated : 1977 <3> Aerial Photo : 3.93, 3.94, 3,95 (McMaster, I) Dated : unknown <4> Aerial Photo : SWBW19-5 (Rogers, P) Dated : 1993 <5> Aerial Photo : 167/18, (Rogers, Pete) Dated : unknown <6> Map : NMP Crop-mark Plot - 1:10,000 (Ingle, CJ, Strachan, D, Tyler, S and Saunders, H) Dated : SHER: NYW 018

3 Crop-marks of field systems and track ways E of Smallbridge Hall Farm (S1)(S2). Field system Track way Crop-marks of field systems and track ways E of Smallbridge Hall Farm (S1)(S2). At least two phases. Some of field boundaries shown on 1958 OS map (S3). Two track ways run E-W & N-S (to N of site). Also curvilinear enclosure, NYW 019, ring ditch, NYW 020 & small ring ditch NYW 021, within & transversed by (019 & 020) field boundary ditches (S1)(S2)(S3)(S4). 2006: surface finds, 'centered TL931330: Five Neo/BA flint cores, another core that has been finely flaked, heavily patinated (possibly Mesolithic), and rough thumbnail scraper with part of cortex still present.' (S5) S1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. NMR, AP TL 9233/1/11, June 1976 (SSF50073) M1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. APs: NMR TL 9233/1/11; SAU AFY 19; RCHME TL 9333/24/376 (SSF50073) S2, (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19, July 1977 (SSF18437) S3, (No record type): OS, 1:10560 map, TL 93 SW, 1958 (SSF12635) S4, (No record type): RCHME, AP TL 9333/24/376, June 1976 (SSF17486) S5, Unpublished document: Letter. Curteis Dr M (Essex CC) to Pendleton C (SCCAS), March 2006, map (SSF50039) SHER: NYW 019 Curvilinear/rounded enclosure, circa 50m in diameter with possible entrance to E & traversed by field boundary (part of NYW 018)(S1)(S2)(S3). Curvilinear enclosure Curvilinear/rounded enclosure, circa 50m in diameter with possible entrance to E & traversed by field boundary (part of NYW 018)(S1)(S2)(S3). Also ring ditches to E, NYW 020 & SE NYW 021. Further enclosure & ring ditches to NE - see NYW & 016. S1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. NMR, AP TL 9233/1/11, June 1976 (SSF50073) M1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. APs: NMR TL 9233/1/11; SAU AFY 19; RCHME TL 9333/24/376 (SSF50073) S2, (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19, July 1977 (SSF18437)

4 S3, (No record type): RCHME, AP TL 9333/24/376, June 1976 (SSF17486) SHER: NYW 020 Ring ditch, circa 15m diameter. Ring ditch Ring ditch, circa 15m diameter. N edge traversed by road and also traversed by part of field system NYW 018 (S1)(S2)(S3). E of curvilinear enclosure, NYW 019, N of small ring ditch, NYW 021, SW of ring ditch group NYW & 016. S1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. NMR, AP TL 9233/1/11, June 1976 (SSF50073) M1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. APs: NMR TL 9233/1/11; SAU AFY 19; RCHME TL 9333/24/376, TL 9333/27/383 (SSF50073) S2, (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19, July 1977 (SSF18437) S3, (No record type): RCHME, APs TL 9333//24/376, TL 9333/27/383, June 1976 (SSF17498) SHER: NYW 021 Ring ditch, circa 5m diameter. Small ring ditch Ring ditch, circa 5m diameter. Within area of field systems, NYW 018, S of ring ditch, NYW 020, & SE of curvilinear enclosure, NYW 019 (S1)(S2)(S3). Further ring ditches to NE - see NYW & 016 (further small ring ditch). S1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. NMR, AP TL 9233/1/11, June 1976 (SSF50073) M1, Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. APs: NMR TL 9233/1/11; SAU AFY 19; RCHME TL 9333/24/376 (SSF50073) S2, (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19, July 1977 (SSF18437) S3, (No record type): RCHME, AP TL 9333/24/376, June 1976; 93/6 3309, 1979 (SSF17486)

5 EHER 9198 LOCATION: NAYLAND with WISSINGTON, Suffolk Field to the east of Smallbridge Cottages, centered NGR TL Background The 1838 Tithe Map and Historic Ordnance Survey maps show that this field (outlined in blue on fig. 1) was originally subdivided into a number of smaller units that became joined through time but still existed as four fields until the 1970s. The southern part of the current roughly triangular field is delineated by a road, the east by a disused cut for the Stour navigation, to the north by a hedgerow that dates back at least to the 1838 Tithe map. Previous surveys Cropmarks in this field have been recorded on separately on both SHER (NYW 001, 002, 003, 004 and 016) (see fig. 2) and EHER (9188) as well as by Stour Valley crop-mark project (Brown, Knopp and Strachan 2002, 17 fig. 7) and the NMP (complex 50) (fig. 3). The aerial photographs that have informed these sources are derived from slides taken by Ida McMaster, Cambridge University Aerial Photograph Programme, RCHME, Peter Rogers and ECC (for example, fig. 4). Analysis of cropmarks Taken together the cropmarks form a series of seven ring ditches and other linear features representing field systems and track ways (fig. 5). To the south-west of this field is a field containing a further three ring ditches. Together these sites form NMP complex 50; a linear arrangement of ring ditches appearing to cut off the neck of a meander of the Stour. This is a characteristic noted a number of sites within the valley including the cursus sites. (A) represents a field boundary that was ploughed out in the 1970s, but dates back at least to the 1838 tithe map. OS maps show that this field terminated when it hit field boundary (B). However, the crop-marks would suggest that at an earlier period, and presumably predating the establishment of Weston Green which it appears to underlie, this boundary extended further to the south west producing a long strip field along the northern side of the current field. (B) represents a field boundary that cut the existing field in half. Shown on the 1838 tithe map, it was ploughed out in the 1970s. The southern end of the boundary does not show up as a crop-mark, however, pre-1970s OS maps show this corner of the current field as a small triangular area of scrub, perhaps resulting from the construction of the canal and bridge. (C) consists of several roughly parallel linear marks. These coincide with the eastern boundary of Weston Green on the tithe map and probably represent slight variations in this boundary.

6 (D) Two superimposed ring ditches (part of SHER NYW 004). The larger (NMP 50:10) has a diameter of circa 30 metres diameter with at least two off centre maculae. A smaller ring ditch, c10m diameter, is superimposed on its north-west side. It is not apparent which ring ditch is the earlier. (E) Ring ditch, circa 20 metres diameter. This, and possibly D, may be associated with a small enclosure crop-mark that does not appear to belong to later field systems. Fragments of tegulae and other pieces of Roman tile have been found at this location and interpreted as a possible tile kiln (SHER NYW 024). (F) Ring ditch, circa 20m diameter (SHER NYW 003). (G) Ring ditch, circa 25m diameter (SHER NYW 002). (H) Small ring ditch, circa 5m in diameter (SHER NYW 016). (I) Ring ditch, circa 27m diameter, at least two internal off-centre maculae (SHER NYW 001). Visually, at ground level, the complex lies along the edge of a low lying terrace above the river. Dr Mark Curteis 2014 APPENDICES EHER: 9198 Smallbridge Farm Crop-marks of ring ditches at TL , southernmost of the group, with thick dark ditch; at TL , with possible interment mark and with two satellite rings around its circumference Monument type Ring ditch Pit Linear feature Ditch Crop-marks of ring ditches at TL , southernmost of the group, with a thick dark ditch; at TL , with possible interment mark and with two satellite rings around its circumference; at TL , adjoining a smaller ring to the north at TL ; and at TL , partly enclosed by linear marks. <1> <2> AP refs. <3> <4> <5> <6> Six ring-ditches were mapped during the NMP and they form a line that begins to 'cut off' a bend in the river. There are several linear features also visible, some of which maybe former field boundaries.

7 <1> Desc Text : SMR (Bohannon, K?) Dated : unknown <2> Monograph : Colchester Excavation Committee (Colchester Excavation Committee) Dated : unknown <3> Aerial Photo : R9, 111 (McMaster, I) Dated : 1960 <4> Aerial Photo : 0-22 (McMaster, I) Dated : unknown <5> Map : NMP Crop-mark Plot - 1:10,000 (Ingle, CJ, Strachan, D, Tyler, S and Saunders, H) Dated : <6> Aerial Photo : 167/12-13, 19, 22 (Rogers, Pete) Dated : unknown SHER: NYW 001 Ring ditch, circa 27m diameter,?egg shaped with at least two internal marks. Monument Type Ring ditch Ring ditch, circa 27m diameter,?egg shaped with at least two internal marks. Part of group, close to river (S1)(S2)(S3)(S4)(S5)(S6). Photograph: National Monuments Record. Air Photograph. NMR, APs TL 9233/1/11, 9333/1/12 (SSF50073) (No record type): APs: (S1)(S2)(S3)(S4)(S5)(S6) (SSF46575) (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19 (SSF18436) Photograph: CUCAP Air Photograph. Slides. CUCAP, APs AFJ 47, 49, 1967; /CJC 73, 75, 1979 (SSF50031) (No record type): RCHME, APs TL 9333/24/376, TL 9333/27/383, June 1976 (SSF17499) (No record type): McMasters Mrs, AP (SSF11052) SHER: NYW 002 Ring ditch, circa 25m diameter (S1)(S2)(S3). Ring ditch Ring ditch, circa 25m diameter (S1)(S2)(S3). Part of group - also see NYW 1,3,4,16,20 & 21. S1 Photograph: CUCAP Air Photograph. Slides. CUCAP, APs AFJ 47, 49, 1966 & CJC 73, 75, 1979 (SSF50031) M1 (No record type): APs: (S1)(S2)(S3)(S4) (SSF46572) S2 (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19 (SSF18436) S3 (No record type): RCHME, AP TL 9333/27/383 June 1976 (SSF17487) S4 Photograph: Essex County Council. Air Photograph. Essex C C, AP, CP/97/8/5 & 6, 1997 (SSF50025

8 SHER: NYW 003 Ring ditch, circa 20m diameter. Ring ditch Ring ditch, circa 20m diameter. Part of group - also see NYW 1,2,4,16,20 & 21 (S1)(S2)(S3). S1 Photograph: CUCAP Air Photograph. Slides. CUCAP, APs AFJ 47, 49,1966; CJC 73, 75, 1979 (SSF50031) M1 (No record type): APs: (S1)(S2)(S3) (SSF46573) S2 (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19 (SSF18436) S3 (No record type): RCHME, AP TL 9333/27/383, June 1976 (SSF17488) SHER: NYW 004 Ring ditches and enclosures etc (S1)(S2)(S3). Enclosure Ring ditch Ring ditches and enclosures etc (S1)(S2)(S3). Three/four ring ditches within enclosure area; one larger, open to SE, traversed by smaller ring ditch of circa 10m diameter and by NW side of rectilinear enclosure with entrance to NW. Also see ring ditches NYW 1,2,3 & 16 to SW. 2006: surface finds from area 'centered TL933334: Area of noticeably dark grey soil in brownish sandy field. Large quantity of post medieval (C18/19) peg roof tile some with glaze, sherds of Saxo-Norman pottery (similar fabric to Thetford), sherds of Roman pottery (mostly coarse wares with some finer orange fabric), several medieval sherds, very fine neolithic flint knife.' (S4). S1 Photograph: CUCAP Air Photograph. Slides. CUCAP, APs AFJ 47, 49, 1966; CJC 73, 75, 1979 (SSF50031) M1 (No record type): APs: (S1)(S2)(S3)(S4) (SSF46574) S2 (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19 (SSF18436) S3 (No record type): RCHME, AP TL 9333/27/383, June 1976 (SSF17488) S4 Unpublished document: Letter. Curteis Dr M (Essex CC) to Pendleton C (SCCAS), March 2006, map (SSF50039)

9 SHER: NYW 016 Small ring ditch, circa 5m in diameter. Small ring ditch Small ring ditch, circa 5m in diameter. To N of NYW 001. Further small ring ditch, NYW 021, to SW (S1)(S2)(S3). S1 Photograph: CUCAP Air Photograph. Slides. CUCAP, AP AFJ 49 (SSF50031) M1 Photograph: CUCAP Air Photograph. Slides. APs: CUCAP AFJ 49; SAU AFY 19; RCHME TL 9333/24/376, TL 9333/27/383 (SSF50031) S2 (No record type): SAU, AP AFY 19 (SSF18436) S3 (No record type): RCHME, AP, TL 9333/24/376, TL 9333/27/383, June 1976 (SSF17495)

10 Figures

11 Fig s OS map showing study areas and field divisions.

12 Fig. 2 Plot and drawing from SCCAU showing SHER monuments and position of Weston Green. Fig. 3 NMP Crop mark complex 50 (Brown, Knopp and Strachan 2002, p.17 fig.6)

13 Fig. 4 Example of aerial photograph showing crop-marks (McMaster B3:195)

14 Fig. 5 Plot of all crop-marks.