SEMICON Europa 2016 FLEX Europe Conference Grenoble, France October 25-26, 2016

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1 SEMICON Europa 2016 FLEX Europe Conference Grenoble, France October 25-26, 2016 Technology Advances and New Applications for Flexible Electrophoretic Displays Michael McCreary CTO, E Ink Corporation

Electrophoretic Flexible Display Technology

to Roll Manufacturing Flexible displays Ink

Easy lamination to flexible backplanes Large

Technology Sunlight and room light readable

Manufacturability Proven Millions of displays

2 Electrophoretic Flexible Display Technology Form Factor Light Weight Rugged Safety Roll to Roll Manufacturing Flexible displays Ink coated on flexible substrates kilometers long Easy lamination to flexible backplanes Large area format demonstrated Low Power Reflective Technology Sunlight and room light readable 180 viewing angle No power to maintain image Manufacturability Proven Millions of displays shipped each year Fundamentally stable technology

3 Growth in Wearables Design Disadvantages of Many Glass Display Activity Monitors and Smart Watches Clunky boxy on strap design Display only when touched Short battery life Wearable comfort level??

Activity / Health Wearables with Plastic Displays

watch-like form factor 8 months use on coin cell

conform to shape of wrist 3 days use with 30 min.

4 Activity / Health Wearables with Plastic Displays WiThings Go Activity Always-on display Round watch-like form factor 8 months use on coin cell battery Sony Smart Talk Always-on display Curves conform to shape of wrist 3 days use with 30 min. charge Type Size (Diameter) Res. Pixels Plastic Segmented EPD 1.1 in. (Circular) (Segmented) Type plastic asi TFT EPD Size (diag) 1.43 in. Res. 226 ppi Pixels 128 x 296

long including band 7mm thick dial, 2mm thick band Always-on segmented EP

5 Sony FES Watch (Fashion Entertainments) Money was raised on crowdfunding site Makuake with help from Sony 50.6g 1.5 in. diam. dial, 8 in. long including band 7mm thick dial, 2mm thick band Always-on segmented EP display 60 days operation on single button battery Single integral flexible segmented EPD band/dial

6 Sony FES Watch U Integrated TFT watch face and watch band Points to a future where smart wearables including sensors can be both informative and fashionable

7 The Future: Ultra-Flexible Medical/Bio Sensors? Credit: MC-10 and Prof. John Rogers, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA

Flexible Hybrid Electrophoretic Display Systems NFC

connector (polyimide) Active Matrix Flexible TFT EPD NCF

8 Flexible Hybrid Electrophoretic Display Systems NFC Display Controller Resistors, capacitors FB,LDO Flex connector (polyimide) Active Matrix Flexible TFT EPD NCF communications antenna Active Area Resolution Thickness 1.4 x 3.3 cm 1.4 diag. 128x296 pixels 224 ppi 400 mm Power antenna Capacitors Diodes, resistors and capacitors 1 mil Polyimide Substrate

9 Health Care: Diabetes Monitor Abbott blood glucose monitor Freestyle Precision Neo System Daylight readable, low power EPD Memory holds up to 1000 readings 5 sec. test Over-the-counter purchase $22 to $28 USD typical sales price for meter Type Size (diag) Size Plastic Segmented EPD 1.9 in in. x 1.68 in. Segments 28

prescribed therapy Records all accesses to package Low power, bistable, 1.43 in.

10 Pharmaceutical Packaging Helps ensure quality of enclosed pharmaceuticals Ambient conditions Records out of spec handling Medication access Monitors patient adherence to prescribed therapy Records all accesses to package Low power, bistable, 1.43 in. EP display Event log is always on display Display works even with battery failure Palladio PhutureMed Package

EPD for Electronic Luggage Tags Rimowa Luggage in cooperation with Lufthansa Airlines Electronic luggage tag is incorporated into suitcase eliminating the need for paper tags when using Lufthansa

11 EPD for Electronic Luggage Tags Rimowa Luggage in cooperation with Lufthansa Airlines Electronic luggage tag is incorporated into suitcase eliminating the need for paper tags when using Lufthansa Airlines Type Size (diag) Resolution Pixels E Ink Mobius (plastic asi TFT EPD) 7.33 in. 105 ppi 200(H) X 750(V) Check in with Lufthansa via website or app Transmit info to suitcase via Bluetooth which then displays onto paper-like EPD tag Information displayed is same as on paper tag including bar code Robust, low power, always-on

12 Large Format Digital Paper Sony DPST-1 Electronic Paper Business/Education Document System 358g (6.7 oz) 233 x 310 mm 6.8 mm (0.3 in.) thick Full Wi-Fi connectivity Pen input 3 Weeks Battery (Typical Usage) USB port 4GB internal Memory + Micro SD Card Robust, lightweight, low power Type Size (diag) Res. Pixels plastic asi TFT EPD 13.3 in. (A4) 150 ppi 1200(H) X 1600(V)

13 Plastic Electrophoretic Displays Applications are Growing Small Wearables Shelf Labels Bracelet Wearables Architecture Small Indicators mm tiny cm small Health Mobile dm medium Note: pictures are not so scale!! epaper m large Signage km gigantic

14 Outdoor Plastic Information Signage Daylight readable: Looks like printed signs Enables real time accurate pricing Segmented EPD tiled displays Type plastic segmented EPD Size (diag) 42.7 in (2 tiles) Size (2 tiles) 15.4 in x 39.8 in Segments 950 Photo from GDS.com

related applications Many different color particles have been

15 Wide Variety of Color EPD Fabricated A palette of colors has been fabricated to enable color changing films for architectural and related applications Many different color particles have been fabricated Color to white and intermediate tones Color to black and intermediate tones

16 Full Color EPD Achieved Without CFA Full Brightness ipad vs ACeP: Direct Sunlight E Ink ACeP First Announced in SID San Francisco, May 2016 B/W CR 17:1 WS 44% (72 L*) DS 2.6% (18 L*) # Colors thousands Pixel Size 169 mm (150 ppi) Drive ~10 ± 24V Backplane 150 ppi TFT (single)

17 Long Length Flexible Dynamic EPD Films

18 Color Decorative Walls Wovin Wall Dynamic color decorative walls Transition patterns are programmable segments (12x12 in. each) Credit: Wovin Wall 3form R

19 Flexible, Large Area, Color Display Banners Flexible EPD banners were demonstrated by DNP at RetailTech Japan, March 2016 Indefinite lengths and various colors available 2.3m and 1.2m lengths demonstrated Printed custom messages Opportunity for custom printed backplanes

20 Dynamic, Color Changing Furniture Plastic, flexible films B&W or color Arbitrary, laser cut shapes, may be bent May have printed backplanes for various effects

pixels are aligned with formed 3D surface Many dynamic patterns

21 E Ink Prism TM Color Changing Wall Tiles Flexible, plastic EPD films Individual tiles ca. 12x12 inches 2.5x2.5 in. pixels are aligned with formed 3D surface Many dynamic patterns can be programmed 4x12 foot dynamic wall shown at CES, Las Vegas, January 2015

22 Flex EP Displays as Art Ueberall eflow Each strip is a pixel (104) 5 cm X 4.9 m strips Strips can be driven in concert to create dynamic art Possibilities are endless by varying shape, color and dynamic driving combined with other stimulus such as sound, light, or motion Flexible, lightweight, daylight visible Source: e FLOW was shown at SuperStudio as part of the 2016 Tortona Design Week, April 12, 2016, Milan Italy

Flexible EP Displays in Architecture Prominent building, 1/3 mile long Photo from Ueberall.US Project is under way and progressing Self-powered individual pixels (0.

23 Flexible EP Displays in Architecture Prominent building, 1/3 mile long Photo from Ueberall.US Project is under way and progressing Self-powered individual pixels (0.5 mm thick) Wirelessly linked and controlled pixels Beautifully changing artistic effects Thin, lightweight, low power, robust/safe Type Size (length) Horizontal Res. Pixel (image area) Pixels Plastic Segmented EPD 1600 ft. (488 meters) approx ppi 12 x 26.3 in. (304 x 669 mm) thousands

24 Summary Flexible, plastic displays using E Ink EPD technology are in volume production today. Wide benefits of the use of flexible plastic displays have been realized and the specifics vary widely depending on applications and form factors. Emerging wearables for activity and health monitoring will benefit from a visual readout beyond porting information to smartphones and computers. Ultra-flexible sensor/display applications will benefit from flexible printed and hybrid electronics which will enable support electronics that are as thin and flexible as the flex display itself.

25 Flexible Electrophoretic E Ink Displays to Enhance the World Around Us. Thank you

Flexible glass substrates for roll-to-roll manufacturing

Science & Technology Flexible glass substrates for roll-to-roll manufacturing Corning - S. Garner, G. Merz, J. Tosch, C. Chang, D. Marshall, X. Li, J. Matusick, J. Lin, C. Kuo, S. Lewis, C. Kang ITRI -