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1 GIS 390 Vol.3, No.4, Winter 0 GIS Iranian Remote Sensing & GIS * /3/0 : 389/9/3 :... TM. 95/5 96/4 3/75 5/7 38/54 50/3 6/ /3. 0/3 /8 4/9 30/53 45/9 30/8. : : : * vahid.sadeghi.985@gmail.com

2 Salvaggio, 993) Schott et al., 998 Ya allah Saradjian, 005 Hall et Elvidge et al., 995 Crist, Kauth, 986.(al., 99 Yang, Lo, Elvidge et al., 995).(Richards, ( ) 3. (00). (009) Ya allah, ).. Relative Radiometric Normalization. Reference 3. Subject - :.. :.(Lo., Yang, 000). :.(Lo., Yang, 998). Hall et ).(al., Hall et al., ).(99. GIS

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4 p p pt C,..., w(t) w(t) w(t) p p p w(t) w(t) w(t) t t L C,,..., L w(t) pi it t pi (t) i i w(t) L pi (t) i w(t) it : t i () (3) w(t) pi C C : (4) (5) Otsu (6) (t) w (t)( (t) ) B T w (t)( (t) T ) : (6) t* Otsu. B * t Arg MAX (t) t L(7) B ( t L)t B (8) * t Arg MAX w (t) (t) w (t) (t). t L (8). --- Otsu. (Sezgin et al., 004).. Otsu ) (C ) (C Lee and Park, ).(Liao et al., Otsu, L N i i f i. () fi Pi () N. t,..., t C. t,..., L C GIS

5 . : 3 (CVA).. 3 : X R [X R,X R,...X Rn] X S [X S,X S,...X Sn] X S X R (9) (0) n () (CVA ) X [X X,X X,...X X ] Dif S R S R Sn R n X Dif. (). (Richards, jia, 006).. TM. Peak. valley 3. Change Vector Analysis. Lee and ) Otsu Liao et al., Sezgin et al., 004 Park, 990 (00. Otsu (Lo, Yang, 000). Otsu. Otsu GIS 390 5

6 . ()... c c. c 4 c 3 c c. Otsu. Otsu /4. X Dif X PCA PCA : () X PCA [X PCA,X PCA,X PCA3] () X PCA K-means. X PCA.. -- (Ya allah, Saradjian, 005).. () Ya allah, Saradjian, ) (005. GIS 390 5

7 RMS / Otsu Otsu ( ) /06/30 landsat-tm 007/06/4 landsat-tm /47 RMS GIS

8 Otsu. Band Band Band 3 Band 4 Band 5 Band 7 Otsu s Threshods ( ) ( ) Otsu /5 otsu 96/4 GIS

9 Linear Simple Regression using Pixlels ).( Linear SRUP ( ) GIS

10 n. (4) b a. P ap b(i,,,...,n) ti i 3 P,P i i (4) (4). i... 4 ().. ( MLRUP) (3) a (Gain) b (Intercept). IN al b (3) ) (3) I IN ( (I=Intercept G=Gain) (Interval). Category Category Category 3 Category 4 Interval G I Interval G I Interval G I Interval G I Band 0,90 0/988 0/84 90,30 /5 0/ ,76 /0090 0/03 76,56 0/9875-0/053 Band 0,35 0/8385 0/068 35,45 0/75 0/030 45,77 /050 0/ ,56 0/974 0/08 Band 3 0,7 0/7407 0/53 7,4 0/78 0/0549 4,9 /090 0/0997 9,56 0/985 0/0480 Band 4 0,8 0/854 0/95 8,48 0/9-0/ ,93 0/9680-0/09 93,56 0/9807-0/047 Band 5 0,5 0/799 0/430 5,75 0/9658 -/ ,47 0/9873-0/ ,56 0/9803 0/09 Band 7 0,3 0/7363 0/35 3,44 /0073-0/434 44,95 /07 0/058 95,56 0/9937 0/306. Multi Linear Regression using Unchanged Pixeld GIS

11 3 (HC)Haze (HM) (MM) Linear SRUP (SR) (MS) MLRUP (Raw). 7 Linear SRUP :).(. -4 Linear SRUP ( ) MLRUP (HM) (HC)Haze 4 3 (MS) (MM) 5. (SR). (RMSE). Haze (HM) (Raw) : RMSE.3 (SR) (MS) - (MM) - (HC) No. 543 (MLRUP) - (Linear SRUP) Methods Raw / HM / HC / MM / MS / SR / Linear SRUP / MLRUP / Proposed method / RMSE BAND BAND BAND 3 BAND 4 BAND 5 BAND 7 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /. Histogram matching. Haze Correction 3. Minimum-Maximum normalization 4. Mean-Standard deviation normalization 5. Simple Regression GIS

12 . 96/4 95/ HM MS SR HC MM... Linear SRUP MLRUP Linear SRUP 6/ /3 3/75 5/7 38/54 50/3 4/9 30/53 45/9 30/8 (MLRUP). 0/3 / GIS

13 ALbregtsen, F., 993, Non-Parametric Histogram Thresholding Methods - Error Versus Relative Object Area, Proc. 8th Scadinavian Conf. Image Analysis, Tromse, Norway, Biday, S.G., and Bhosle, U., 00, Radiometric Correction of Multitemporal Satellite Imagery, Journal of Computer Science 6 (9): Otsu GIS

14 Crist, E.P., and Kauth, R.T., 986, The Tasseled Cap de-mystified, Photogrammetric Engineering 6 Remote Sensing, 5(): Elvidge, C.D., Yuan, D., Ridgeway, D.W., and Lunetta, R.S., 995, Relative Radiometric Normalization of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) Data Using an Automatic Scattergram-controlled Regression, Photogmmmetric Engineering Remote Sensing, 6(0): Hall, F.G., Strebel, D.E., Nickeson, J.E., and Goetz, S.J., 99, Radiometric Rectification: Toward a Common Radiometric Response Among Multidate, multisensor images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 35: -7. Jensen (Ed.), J.R., 983, Urban/suburban Land Use Analysis, in R.N. Colwell (Ed.), Manual of Remote Sensing, second edition, American Society of Photpgrammetry, FallChurch, VA, pp Lee, H. and Park, R.H., 990, Comments on an Optimal Threshold Scheme for Image Segmentation, IEEE Trans, System, Man and Cybernetics, SMC(0), Liao, P.S., Chen, T.S., Chung, P.C., 00, A Fast Algorithm for Multilevel Thresholding, Journal of Information Science and Engineering 7, Lo, C.P., and Yang, X., 998, Some Practical Considerations of Relative Radiometric Normalization of Multidate Landsat MSS Data for Land Use Change Detection, Proceedings of ASPRS/RTI, Annual Convention, Tampa, Florida, Otsu, N., 979, A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-level Histogram, IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet, Vol(9), Richards, J.A. and Jia.X, 006, Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis, 4th Edition: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Salvaggio, C., 993, Radiometric Scene Normalization Utilizing Statistically Invariant Features, Proceedings of Workshop Atmospheric Correction of Landsat Imagery, Defense Landsat Program Office, [dates of workshop] Torrance, California, Schott, J.R, Salvaggio, C., Volchok, W.J., 988, Radiometric Scene Normalization Using Pseudo-invariant Features, Remote Sensing of Environment 6 (), 6. Schott, J.R., 997, Remote Sensing, The Image Chain Approach, Oxford University Press, London, 4 6. Sezgin, M., and Sankur, B., 004, Survey Over Image Thresholding Techniques and Quantitative Performance Evaluation, Journal of Electronic Imaging 3(), Wu, S., Amin, A., 003, Automatic Thresholding of Gray-level Using Multistage Approach, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 003), /03 $7.00, IEEE. GIS

15 Ya allah, S.M. and Saradjian, M.R, 005, Automatic Normalization of Satellite Images Using Unchanged Pixels Within Urban Areas, Information Fusion, (6), Yang, X., and Lo, C.P., 000, Relative Radiometric Normalization Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 66, No. 8, August, Zhang Z., Meng, Y., Chen, F., 009, Investigation of the Relative Radiometric Normalization in Remote Sensing Image Change Detection, Information Engineering and Computer Science. GIS 390 6