Lecture # 6. knitting fundamentals
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1 Lecture # 6 knitting fundamentals
2 Knitting Fundamentals Knitting Definition
3 Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or yarn into cloth. Unlike woven fabric, knitted fabric consists entirely of horizontal parallel courses of yarn. The courses are joined to each other by interlocking loops in which a short loop of one course of yarn is wrapped over the bight of another course. Knitting can be done either by hand, described below, or by machine. In practice, hand knitting is usually begun (or "cast on") by forming a base series of twisted loops
4 Knitting is a process in which one thread is used to make loops and then newly formed loops are passed through previously formed loops and top and bottom loops are joined with the help of head and feet
5
6
7 Lecture # 7 Knitting Fundamentals
8 Knitting Fundamentals Basic Elements in knitting is Stitch or Course
9
10 Stitch Details loop Loop insertion through loop Joining of two loops Knitted fabric flexibility depends upon loop structure Loops have many shapes and types
11 Loop An extended portion of a regular string Has no end It is part of main string Have balance shape Is made with the help of any tool which is able to pull the string from a certain point
12 Loop Insertion Loop is inserted through an other previously held loop with the help of needle Needle should have the ability to hold fresh loop during insertion period Needle is responsible to make new loops and hold the previous sloop Loop insertion Animation Knitting Cycle
13 Website address for knitting cycle exeltor.com/.../index. php?ss=3&sss=1&stage=3
14 Lecture # 8 Classification of knitting
15 Knitting Classification Based upon Knitting Procedure
16 Warp and Weft Warp Knitting Weft Knitting
17 Warp Knitting In this process yarn sheet is developed (warp sheet) and then with the help of needles stitches are formed by insertion new loop into old loop.
18 Warp Knitting Machine
19 Warp Knitted Fabric
20 Weft Knitting In weft knitting single yarn is fed to knitting needles. Needle with the help of cams, sinker make a new loop and passed it into previously held loops.
21 Types of Weft Knitting Circular Knitting and Flat Knitting
22 Circular Knitting Machines In circular knitting machines needles are fixed on a cylinder or dial in a circular shape. There are more than one feeders to feed yarn to needles at different places. In most of the cases needle bed (cylinder or dial) moves while feeders remain stationary. Diameter of cylinder and dial is fixed but in case of sock knitting machines it is changeable due to structure of socks
23 Circular Knitting Machine
24 Flat Knitting Machines In flat knitting machines needles are fixed on a straight plate. On this machine needle bed remains stationary while yarn feeding system called carriage moves from one end to other end This machine is used to knit collars, arm bands and sweaters
25 Flat Knitting
26 Types of Circular Knitting Machines Single Knitting Double Knitting
27 Single Knit Machine In these machines needles are fixed on cylinder and sinker are fixed on sinker ring. Needles knit with the help of sinkers.
28 Single Knit Machine
29 Double Knit Machine In double knit machine needles are fixed on dial as well as on cylinders. There is no sinkers on this machine. This machine is used to knit interlock, rib and double jerseys
30 Double Knitting
31 Double Knit Fabric Interlock--- Two sides are fully knitted, highly flexible used for under garments. Front and back wales are exactly at same point Rib--- two sides are fully knitted. Less flexible but have strong grip, used for neck, cuff opening and waist band. Front and back wales are not at same point Double Jersey Double side knitted, can have different designs on both sides
32 Interlock Machine
33 Double Knit Jacquard Knitting Machine
34
35 Types of Single Knitting Machines Plain knitting Loop knitting
36 Single Knit Plain Knitting Machines Mostly called jersey machines. On this machines, there is a set of needles and sinkers. These machines may be single track of multi track. From one track to six track machines are available. These machine can knit jersey, pique, honey comb, mini jacquard
37 Single Plain Knitting Machines Single Track Multi Track
38 Single Track Single Knit Track means number of cams vertically fitted In single track machine there is only one track This machine can knit only full knit fabric (single jersey)
39 Multi Track Knitting Machine In this machine there are 2-6 tracks More number of tracks means that variety of designs can be produced On these machine many types of fabric can be produced, like, pique, pique fleece, two thread fleece and mini jacquard
40
41 Loop Knitting Machines In these machines we can make loop on one or on both sides of fabric. By introducing loops we can increase the weight and bulkiness of fabric
42 Types of Loop Knitting Machines Terry Fleece
43 Terry Fabric This fabric has loops on the surface, like towel but the length of loops is smaller than towels. Normally used to make shirts of kids or for people working under high temperature to absorb the moisture
44 Terry Knitting Machine
45 Terry Knitting Machine
46
47 Single Jersey Double Face Fabric
48 Three Thread Knitting Machine This machine is used to produce fleece fabric. This fabric is plain from one side. Mostly front side is of single jersey and on back loop is inserted across various number of wales (normally two to three wales are covered). Back side is brushed with the help of raising machine to make it more comfortable and bulky as well as warm Two types of threads are used; fine for the top and course for back ( 30/16, 28/12 etc)
49 Three Thread Fleece Machine
50 Fleece Fabric
51 Striper In stripe knitting machines we can produce horizontal stripes with the help of scissors which cuts the yarn and a new yarn is fed There are two types of: Mechanical Electronic Note: in current era there is no fresh production of mechanical strip machines
52 Stripe Knitting Machine
53 Jacquard Knitting Machines These machine are available in single and double knit technology Normally more than one colored yarns are used. Different patterns are made Normally 4-6 color machines are available
54
55 All types of machines can be converted into jacquard machines
56 Jacquard Machines Mechanical Jacquard Electronic Jacquard
57 Jacquard Fabric
58 Flat Knitting Single bed Double bed
59 Full Garment Flat Knitting Machines These are latest machines and are used to make full length of garment Quite expensive Not in Pakistan Required in countries where labour is expensive
60 Gloves Knitting Machine
61 Gloves Knitting machines In this machine bed rotates and carriage moves from one side to other
62 Lecture # 9 Warp knitting
63 Warp Knitting
64 Types of Flat Knitting Raschel, made with latch needles, Tricot, using bearded needles.
65 Warp-Knitting When producing warp-knits, a yarn sheet is linked by stitches in longitudinal direction. Thus, each individual thread in the sheet (warp) forms a wale.
66 Warp Knitting Main products Nets Curtains Technical fabrics Covers Covering sheets
67 Working Principle Warp sheet Loops development with the help of needles Loops insertion with the help of needles Needle movement controls mechanically and electronically
68 Properties of Warp Knitted Fabric More stable than knitted Big and small holes are possible Many designs are possible Highly course yarn can be used Technical fabric can be produced
69 Use of Warp Knitted Fabric Use to fulfill technical demands, like, filters, seat covers etc Used as curtains, table covers Used as Chadar in Pakistan Not used for clothing
70 Warp Knitting Industry in Pakistan Very small number of mills, mainly in Gujranwala One or two in Lahore
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