UNIT 4: STRING INSTRUMENTS

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1 UNIT 4: STRING INSTRUMENTS String instruments produce sound when they are bowed, plucked of struck. Following this criterion, they can be categorized as follows: Bowed instruments string Plucked instruments string Struck string instruments Violin Guitar Piano Viola Harp Cello Harpsichord Double bass Lute 4.1. BOWED STRING INSTRUMENTS Bowed string instruments are played by a bow rubbing the strings. The bow rubbing the string causes vibration and the instrument emits as sound. They date back to the 17th century. Their size determinates what they sound like. The smallest of these instruments produce higher sounds and the largest ones, lower sounds. Pizzicato: it is a method of playing by plucking the strings with the fingers, rather than using the bow. This produces a very different sound from bowing, short and percussive rather than sustained.

2 The violin: is the highest-pitched of these instruments The viola: is similar to the violin but it is a little larger and produces a deeper sound. The cello: This instrument is larger in size; cellists play sitting down. It sound is deep and warm. The double bass: This is de lower in sound and larger than the cello. It is played either standing up or sitting on a high stool. =g3k81 bwrm Schubert:Das Forellen Quintet A famous family: Stradivarius. A Stradivarius is one of the violins, violas, cellos and other string instruments built by members of the Stradivari (Stradivarius) family, particularly Antonio Stradivari, during the 17th and 18th centuries. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or equal it, though this belief is disputed. The name "Stradivarius" has become a

3 superlative often associated with excellence; to be called "the Stradivari" of any field is to be deemed the finest there is. The fame of Stradivarius instruments is widespread, appearing in numerous works of fiction. 4.2 PLUCKED STRING INSTRUMENTS The strings on plucked string instruments vibrate when plucked with the fingers or with a plectrum. The harp is a stringed musical instrument, it has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard, which are plucked with the fingers. Harps have been known since antiquity in Asia, Africa, and Europe, dating back at least as early as 3500 BC. The instrument had great popularity in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, where it evolved into a wide variety of variants with new technologies, and was disseminated to Europe's colonies, finding particular popularity in Latin America. Harps are essentially triangular in shape, and are made primarily of wood. Harp strings are made of gut (often replaced in the modern day by nylon) or metal. The top end of each string is secured on the crossbar or neck of the instrument, where each will have a tuning peg or similar device to adjust the pitch of that string. =G5uIlJGt1kc 3

4 The classical guitar (also called the Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music. It is an acoustical wooden guitar with six strings, usually nylon, as opposed to the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars. The traditional classical guitar has 12 frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg so that the hand falls at the back of the soundhole com/watch?v=2oyhla d64-s 4

5 4.3. STRUCK STRING INSTRUMENTS The strings on these instruments vibrate when struck by a mechanism that causes them to produce sound inside the soundbox. It is a musical instrument played using a keyboard. It is widely employed in classical and jazz music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing and rehearsal. Although the piano is not portable and often expensive, its versatility and ubiquity have made it one of the world's most familiar musical instruments. An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, and a row of 88 black and white keys (52 white, 36 black). The strings are sounded when the keys are pressed, and silenced when the keys are released. The note can be sustained, even when the keys are released, by the use of pedals. The word piano is a shortened form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the instrument, which in turn derives from gravicembalo col piano e forte and fortepiano. The Italian musical terms piano and forte indicate "soft" and "loud" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume produced in response to a pianist's touch on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced. 5

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7 4.5 PROYECTS LA HISTORIA DE LA CUERDA (LOS STRADIVARIUS, STAINWAY Y LOS LUTHIERS ESPAÑOLES ) CONSTRUIMOS UN INSTRUMENTO. AUDICIONES TÍTULO: AUTOR: ÉPOCA: COMENTARIO: 7

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11 TÍTULO: AUTOR: ÉPOCA: COMENTARIO: 11