Section 3: Interactions of Sound Waves (p. 545)

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1 Section 3: Interactions of Sound Waves (p. 545) 1. List two reasons why sounds are important to beluga whales. Reflection of Sound Waves (p. 545) 2. A hard, rigid surface is a better reflector of sound than a soft surface is. True or False? (Circle one.) 3. A shout in a gymnasium will usually produce more echoes than a shout in an auditorium. True or False? (Circle one.) 4. In Figure 13, how does the Doppler effect help the bat find food? 5. When do you think it is best for ships to use sonar technology instead of just relying on eyesight to locate icebergs? 6. Which of the following ways can ultrasonic waves be used in medicine? (Circle all that apply.) a. performing surgery without making an incision b. monitoring the development of an unborn baby c. detecting skin cancer d. examining internal organs DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS 159

2 Interference of Sound Waves (p. 548) 7. In interference, two sound waves can overlap to produce a softer sound, while in interference, two sound waves combine to produce a louder sound. 8. A sonic boom is created when an airplane travels faster than the speed of. (light or sound) 9. Using Figure 18, explain what happens when a jet flies at supersonic speeds. 10. In a standing wave, portions of the wave are while other portions have a larger amplitude due to interference. 11. Suppose you are using a tuning fork to cause a guitar string to vibrate without touching it. You get the best results when the resonant frequency of the tuning fork matches the a. fundamental frequency of the string. b. first overtone frequency of the string. c. second overtone frequency of the string. d. third overtone frequency of the string. Diffraction of Sound Waves (p. 551) 12. Sound waves with a high frequency have a wavelength and easily diffracted. (long or short, are or are not) 13. When a radio is playing in the next room, which sound waves can be heard the best? a. sound waves with a high frequency b. sound waves with a low frequency c. sound waves with a high pitch d. sound waves with a small amplitude 160 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

3 Review (p. 551) Now that you ve finished Section 3, review what you learned by answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog. Section 4: Sound Quality (p. 552) 1. What is the difference between music and noise? a. loudness c. amplitude b. pitch d. sound quality What Is Sound Quality? (p. 552) 2. Why do the same notes sound different on different instruments? Sound Quality of Instruments (p. 553) 3. Place each of the following instruments in the correct column: drum, guitar, trumpet, cello, bells, tuba, clarinet, banjo, cymbals, violin, saxophone. String instruments Wind instruments Percussion instruments Fill in each blank in items 4 6 using either lower pitch or higher pitch. 4. In a string instrument, a longer string has a and a thinner string has a. 5. In a wind instrument, shortening the air column produces a. 6. Among percussion instruments, smaller instruments produce a. DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS 161

4 Section 3: Interactions of Sound Waves (p. 545) 1. List two reasons why sounds are important to beluga whales. Sample answer: They use sounds to communicate and to find food. Reflection of Sound Waves (p. 545) 2. A hard, rigid surface is a better reflector of sound than a soft surface is. True or False? (Circle one.) 3. A shout in a gymnasium will usually produce more echoes than a shout in an auditorium. True or False? (Circle one.) 4. In Figure 13, how does the Doppler effect help the bat find food? Sample answer: Because of the Doppler effect, the frequency of the echo tells the bat if the insect is flying toward it. 5. When do you think it is best for ships to use sonar technology instead of just relying on eyesight to locate icebergs? Accept any reasonable answer. Sample answer: It is best to use sonar technology during a storm or at night, when visibility is poor. 6. Which of the following ways can ultrasonic waves be used in medicine? (Circle all that apply.) a. performing surgery without making an incision b. monitoring the development of an unborn baby c. detecting skin cancer d. examining internal organs Review (p. 547) Now that you ve finished the first part of Section 3, review what you learned by answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog. DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS 159

5 Interference of Sound Waves (p. 548) 7. In destructive interference, two sound waves can overlap to produce a softer sound, while in constructive interference, two sound waves combine to produce a louder sound. 8. A sonic boom is created when an airplane travels faster than the speed of sound. (light or sound) 9. Using Figure 18, explain what happens when a jet flies at supersonic speeds. When a jet flies faster than the speed of sound, the sound waves spread out behind it in a cone shape. The sound waves combine on the edge of the cone by constructive interference. This creates a shock wave, which you hear as a sonic boom. 10. In a standing wave, portions of the wave are at rest while other portions have a larger amplitude due to interference. 11. Suppose you are using a tuning fork to cause a guitar string to vibrate without touching it. You get the best results when the resonant frequency of the tuning fork matches the a. fundamental frequency of the string. b. first overtone frequency of the string. c. second overtone frequency of the string. d. third overtone frequency of the string. Diffraction of Sound Waves (p. 551) 12. Sound waves with a high frequency have a short wavelength and are not easily diffracted. (long or short, are or are not) 13. When a radio is playing in the next room, which sound waves can be heard the best? a. sound waves with a high frequency b. sound waves with a low frequency c. sound waves with a high pitch d. sound waves with a small amplitude 160 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

6 Review (p. 551) Now that you ve finished Section 3, review what you learned by answering the Review questions in your ScienceLog. Section 4: Sound Quality (p. 552) 1. What is the difference between music and noise? a. loudness c. amplitude b. pitch d. sound quality What Is Sound Quality? (p. 552) 2. Why do the same notes sound different on different instruments? Each instrument has a unique sound quality, or blending together of several pitches due to interference. Sound Quality of Instruments (p. 553) 3. Place each of the following instruments in the correct column: drum, guitar, trumpet, cello, bells, tuba, clarinet, banjo, cymbals, violin, saxophone. String instruments Wind instruments Percussion instruments guitar trumpet drum cello tuba bells banjo clarinet cymbals violin saxophone Fill in each blank in items 4 6 using either lower pitch or higher pitch. 4. In a string instrument, a longer string has a lower pitch and a thinner string has a higher pitch. 5. In a wind instrument, shortening the air column produces a higher pitch. 6. Among percussion instruments, smaller instruments produce a higher pitch. DIRECTED READING WORKSHEETS 161

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