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1 Republic of Trinidad & Tobago Ministry of Planning and Development Central Statistical Office in collaboration with The Ministry of Agriculture, Land & Marine Resources 2004 AGRICULTURAL CENSUS

2 Published by: The Ministry of Planning and Development Central Statistical Office National Statistics Building 80 Independence Square Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago P.O. Box 98 Copyright March, 2005 Data from tables may be reproduced with acknowledgement from source

3 2004 AGRICULTURAL CENSUS PRELIMINARY REPORT

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DATA HIGHLIGHTS 3 POST AGRICULTURAL CENSUS EVALUATION SURVEY 8 MAP NO. 1 Distribution of Holders by Type of Agricultural Activity and Municipal Corporations - Trinidad 9 2 Distribution of Holders by Type of Agricultural Activity and Parishes Tobago 10 TABLE NO. 1 Number of Holders by Area of Residence and Type of Organisation of Holding A Number of Holders by Area of Residence and Type of Organisation of Holding Number of Holders by Area of Residence and Type of Agricultural Activity 13 3 Number of Holdings by Area of Residence of Holder and Size of Holding 14 4 Number of Private Holders by Area of Residence, Gender and Age Group 15 5 Number of Private Holders by Area of Residence and Size of Household 17 6 Number of Registered Private Holders by Area of Residence and Gender 18 MAIN CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS 19 APPENDIX I Preliminary Results on the 2004 Post Agricultural Census Evaluation (PES) 23 i

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Agricultural Census Unit was established on October 30, 2003 to manage the day-today activities associated with the conduct of the 2004 Agricultural Census. The field exercise of the 2004 Agricultural Census was conducted during the period July 6 th to August 15 th Preliminary Findings The total number of holders enumerated in Trinidad and Tobago during the 2004 Agricultural Census was 19,143 of which 18,169 (94.9%) were recorded in Trinidad and 974 (5.1%) in Tobago. There was a decline of 11,423 holders or approximately 37.4% when compared to the total number of holders, 30,566 recorded in the 1982 Agricultural Census. Individual/Household/Sole Proprietor and Joint Partnerships accounted for 99.5% of all holders. The majority of holders, 13,874 or 72.4% were engaged in Crop Production. Ninety six percent (96.0%) of all holdings were less than ten (10) hectares in area. The average size of a Private Holder s household was 4.2 persons. The male/female ratio of holders was found to be 5.9 : 1. Forty percent (40.0%) of the Private Holders were registered under the Farmers Registration Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources. There was a coverage error of approximately four percent (4.0%) It is important to note that these figures are preliminary and subject to revision and have not been adjusted to account for the coverage error. 1

6 INTRODUCTION The 2004 Agricultural Census was conducted by the Central Statistical Office in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, and with the assistance of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. Nine hundred and sixty-two (962) persons were employed for the exercise. Nine hundred and twenty-four (924) persons were employed in Trinidad and thirty-eight (38) in Tobago. Immediately following this exercise a Post Agricultural Census Evaluation and Home Production Survey was conducted to firstly evaluate the Census data and secondly to estimate Home Use Production by households. This report provides a preliminary count of all holders in Trinidad and Tobago as enumerated in the 2004 Agricultural Census. It includes information on some characteristics such as age, gender and type of agricultural activities of the holders, and size and type of organisation of the holdings. Some of the key concepts and definitions utilized in the data collection process have been included for ease of reference and for information. These concepts and definitions are integral to the methodology that was used for the Census. The Central Statistical Office wishes to thank all farmers, agricultural institutions, the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, the Tobago House of Assembly, the Food and Agricultural Organisation and all other stakeholders including members of the general public who have contributed to the success of the exercise. Enquiries and comments may be addressed to the Director of Statistics, Central Statistical Office (CSO), National Statistics Building, 80 Independence Square, Port of Spain. Telephone: , agricensus@wow.net 2

7 DATA HIGHLIGHTS The 2004 Agricultural Census results revealed that the total number of holders enumerated in Trinidad and Tobago was 19,143 of which 18,169 or 94.9% were recorded in Trinidad and 974 or 5.1% in Tobago. This represents a decline of 11,423 holders or approximately 37.4% when compared to the total number of holders, 30,566 recorded in the last Agricultural Census which was conducted in 1982 (Table 1A). The vast majority of holders 89.4% were concentrated within six regions. The region of Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo recorded the highest number with 3,078 holders. There were 2,812 holders enumerated in the region of Princes Town, 2,099 in Mayaro/Rio Claro, 2,460 in Sangre Grande, 2,227 in Penal/Debe, 2,221 in Tunapuna/Piarco and 1,342 holders were found in the region of Siparia. The remaining areas which constitute the Cities, Boroughs and the Regions of Diego Martin and San Juan/Laventille comprised of 1,930 or approximately 10.6% of the holders in Trinidad. The number of holders ranged from 22 in the city of Port of Spain to 649 in the region of San Juan/Laventille. In 2004, Private Holders accounted for 19,055 or approximately 99.5% of which 18,505 were classified as Individual/Household/Sole Proprietor and 550 as Joint Partnership. The remaining 0.5% of holdings were primarily Private Companies and Government Institutions (Table 1). In 1982 the total number of Private Holders was 30,422 or 99.5% (Table 1A). The data for Trinidad and Tobago revealed that the majority of holders were engaged in Crop activity (Table 2). There were 13,874 or 72.4% holders engaged in Crop production while the remaining holders were engaged in Mixed, Livestock and Other activities. The number of holders involved in Mixed activities was 3,077 holders or 16.1%, while Livestock activities recorded 2,046 holders or 10.7%. Only 146 or 0.8% of holders were engaged in Other activities such as Apiculture (Bee-keeping), Aquaculture and Horticulture (Figure 1). 3

8 FIGURE 1. HOLDERS IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BY TYPE OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY 16.1% 0.8% 10.7% 72.4% Crop Livestock Mixed Other In Trinidad, 74.3%, 15.3%, and 9.7% of the holders were engaged in Crop, Mixed and Livestock activities respectively. However in Tobago, although the majority of holders, 38.9% were engaged in Crop activity, Mixed and Livestock activities were also significant. The data revealed that 30.6% of the holders in Tobago were engaged in Mixed activities and 28.5% in Livestock activities. (Figure 2A and 2B) FIGURE 2A. HOLDERS IN TRINIDAD BY TYPE OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY 15.3% 0.7% 30.6% FIGURE 2B. HOLDERS IN TOBAGO BY TYPE OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY 2.0% 9.7% 38.9% 74.3% 28.5% Crop Livestock Mixed Other Crop Livestock Mixed Other 4

9 In 2004, there were 18,968 agricultural holdings in Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad accounted for 18,022 holdings or 95.0% while Tobago had 946 or approximately 5.0% (Table 3). The relative size of holdings is represented in Figure 3. The majority of holdings were less than 10 hectares in area. Twenty two percent (22.0%) of all holdings were less than 0.5 hectares, 65.1% were between 0.5 and less than 5 hectares, 8.9% between 5 and less than 10 hectares while only 4.0% were greater than 10 hectares in size. FIGURE 3. HOLDINGS IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BY SIZE OF HOLDING, % 3.7% 0.3% 22.0% 34.1% 12.8% 18.2% Under 0.5 ha. 0.5 to < 1 ha. 1 to < 2 ha. 2 to < 5 ha. 5 to < 10 ha. 10 to < 50 ha. Over 50 ha. A larger proportion of holdings in Tobago were under 0.5 hectares. To be more specific, 45.8% of the holdings were less than 0.5 hectares in size, 48.9% were between 0.5 and less than 5 hectares, 3.5% between 5 and less than 10 hectares while only 1.8% were greater than 10 hectares in size. In both Trinidad and Tobago over 95.0% of all the holdings were less than 10 hectares in size. 5

10 An examination of the gender composition of the Private Holders in Trinidad and Tobago (Table 4) revealed that there were 16,291 or 85.5% male holders, while female holders accounted for 2,764 or 14.5%. FIGURE 4. PRIVATE HOLDERS IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BY AGE GROUP, % 0.2% 2.3% 10.4% 20.3% 24.2% 27.1% Under 25 Years Years Years Years Years 65 and Over Not Stated The majority of Private Holders were between the ages of years. This age group accounted for 71.6% of the Private Holders. Of the remaining Private Holders 12.7% were under 35 years and 15.5% were over 65 years. (Figure 4) The number of persons constituting a Private Holder s household is highlighted in Table 5. The data shows that the average size of a Private Holder s household in Trinidad and Tobago was approximately 4.2 persons. Approximately 76.1% of the households ranged from 1 to 5 members, while 23.9% had over 6 members in the household. In Trinidad the average Private Holder s household size was 4.2 persons while in Tobago it was 4.1 persons. 6

11 In Trinidad and Tobago 7,613 or 40.0% of a Private Holders were registered under the Farmers Registration Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources (Table 6). Among the registered holders, 6,762 or 88.8% were males and 851 or 11.2%, females. In Trinidad 88.8% of the registered holders were males and 11.2% were females, while in Tobago 89.6% were males and 10.4%, females. 7

12 POST AGRICULTURAL CENSUS EVALUATION SURVEY A Post Agricultural Census Evaluation and Home Production Survey was conducted in September 2004, one month after the Census field exercise was completed. The Post Agricultural Census Evaluation Survey (PES) The PES aimed to achieve two objectives. Firstly, to determine the coverage error, that is, the extent to which all holders in Trinidad and Tobago were found and enumerated. Secondly, to determine the accuracy of the data collected during the Census. In order to achieve this, a geographically representative sample of 150 EDs was selected and all households within these EDs were visited and listed. All holders found during this exercise were enumerated which included Holders who were not enumerated during the Census. In addition, Holders who were enumerated during the Census were re-interviewed using a PES questionnaire. Preliminary results from the PES indicated that there was an undercoverage error of approximately four percent (4.0%) (Appendix I). The Home Production Survey A sample of 3000 households from the 150 selected EDs was used to collect data on agricultural production primarily for home use. The data would be used to complement the 2004 Agricultural Census data and hence provide a picture of total agricultural production (for sale and home use) in Trinidad and Tobago. Further details on the Home Production Survey would be given in subsequent reports. 8

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15 TABLE 1 Number of Holders by Area of Residence and Type of Organisation of Holding Area of Residence Total All Types Individual/ Household/ Sole Proprietor Joint Partnership Type of Organisation of Holding Cooperative Society Private Company State Enterprise Government Other (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad City of Port of Spain City of San Fernando Borough of Arima Borough of Chaguanas Borough of Point Fortin Diego Martin San Juan/Laventille Tunapuna/Piarco Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo Mayaro/Rio Claro Sangre Grande Princes Town Penal/Debe Siparia Tobago

16 TABLE 1A Number of Holders by Area of Residence and Type of Organisation of Holding Type of Organisation of Holding Area of Residence Total All Types Individual/ Household/ Sole Proprietor Joint Partnership Co-operative Society Private Company State Enterprise Government Other (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad Tobago

17 TABLE 2 Number of Holders by Area of Residence and Type of Agricultural Activity Area of Residence Total All Types Type of Agricultural Activity Crop Livestock Mixed Other (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad City of Port of Spain City of San Fernando Borough of Arima Borough of Chaguanas Borough of Point Fortin Diego Martin San Juan/Laventille Tunapuna/Piarco Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo Mayaro/Rio Claro Sangre Grande Princes Town Penal/Debe Siparia Tobago

18 TABLE 3 Number of Holdings by Area of Residence of Holder and Size of Holding Size of Holdings (Hectares) Area of Residence of Holder Total All Sizes Under to < 1 1 to < 2 2 to < 5 5 to < to < to < to < to < and Over (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad City of Port of Spain City of San Fernando Borough of Arima Borough of Chaguanas Borough of Point Fortin Diego Martin San Juan/Laventille Tunapuna/Piarco Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo Mayaro/Rio Claro Sangre Grande Princes Town Penal/Debe Siparia Tobago

19 TABLE 4 Number of Private Holders 1 by Area of Residence, Gender and Age Group Area of Residence & Gender Total All Ages Under 25 Years Years Age Group Years Years Years 65 and Over Not Stated (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Trinidad and Tobago Both Sexes Male Female Trinidad Both Sexes Male Female City of Both Sexes Port of Spain Male Female City of Both Sexes San Fernando Male Female Borough of Both Sexes Arima Male Female Borough of Both Sexes Chaguanas Male Female Borough of Both Sexes Point Fortin Male Female Diego Martin Both Sexes Male Female San Juan/ Both Sexes Laventille Male Female "Private Holders" refers to "Individual/Household/Sole Proprietor" and "Joint Partnership" 15

20 TABLE 4 (Cont'd) Number of Private Holders 1 by Area of Residence, Gender and Age Group Area of Residence & Gender Age Group Total All Under Ages 65 and Over Not Stated (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Tunapuna/ Both Sexes Piarco Male Female Couva/ Both Sexes Tabaquite/ Male Talparo Female Mayaro/ Both Sexes Rio Claro Male Female Sangre Grande Both Sexes Male Female Princes Town Both Sexes Male Female Penal/Debe Both Sexes Male Female Siparia Both Sexes Male Female Tobago Both Sexes Male Female "Private Holders" refers to "Individual/Household/Sole Proprietor" and "Joint Partnership". 16

21 TABLE 5 Number of Private Holders 1 by Area of Residence and Size of Household Area of Residence Total All Sizes Size of Household (Number of Persons) and Over Not Stated (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad City of Port of Spain City of San Fernando Borough of Arima Borough of Chaguanas Borough of Point Fortin Diego Martin San Juan/Laventille Tunapuna/Piarco Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo Mayaro/Rio Claro Sangre Grande Princes Town Penal/Debe Siparia Tobago "Private Holders" refers to "Individual/Household/Sole Proprietor" and "Joint Partnership". 1 17

22 TABLE 6 Number of Registered Private Holders 1 by Area of Residence and Gender Area of Residence Total Private Holders Number Number of Registered Private Holders Total Male % of Private Holders by Area Number % of Total Registered by Area Number Female % of Registered Holders by Area (1) (2) (3) (6) (7) (4) (5) Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad City of Port of Spain City of San Fernando Borough of Arima Borough of Chaguanas Borough of Point Fortin Diego Martin San Juan/Laventille Tunapuna/Piarco Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo Mayaro/Rio Claro Sangre Grande Princes Town Penal/Debe Siparia Tobago "Registered Private Holders" refers to "Individual/Household/Sole Proprietor" and "Joint Partnership" registered under the Farmers Registration Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources.

23 MAIN CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Agricultural Census An Agricultural Census is defined as the total process of collecting, analysing, interpreting and disseminating information relating to food and agriculture, and pertaining to all agricultural holders in a country at a specific time. It is a complete count of farmers or holders engaged in agricultural production primarily for sale. Enumeration Enumeration is the act of locating, identifying/verifying, interviewing and completing a census questionnaire for each agricultural holder. Enumeration District (ED) An Enumeration District is a defined geographic area outlined on a map. The Central Statistical Office has subdivided Trinidad and Tobago into approximately two thousand four hundred and ninety two (2492) EDs for the main purposes of workload allocation and data collection in censuses and sample surveys. Household A household consists of one person or a group of persons occupying the same living quarters and sharing at least one of the main daily meals. Traditionally, the household usually comprises a family group father, mother, children and relatives living together, but it may also consists of two or more families, or a group of unrelated persons sharing a common dwelling unit, or one person living alone. It should be noted that a member of the household may not necessarily be a relative of the main family unit. For example, a boarder or domestic employee who sleeps in most nights and shares at least one of the daily meals is also included as a member of the household. Head of Household The head of the household is the person (male or female) acknowledged as head by the other members. Usually, the head of the household is the main income earner, has primary authority and carries the main responsibility in the affairs of the household. 19

24 Holding An agricultural holding is an economic unit of agricultural production producing primarily for sale under single management comprising all livestock and poultry kept, and all land being used either wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form, size or location. Single management may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or households or by a juridical person such as a corporation, co-operative or government agency. Thus defined, a holding may be owned, leased or rented or operated under some other form of tenure, including squatting. A holding may comprise a landless farm i.e. livestock or poultry kept for agricultural purposes even though the holder neither owns nor rents more than a nominal amount of land on which to keep them. The size of the holding may range from one lot or (1/8) of an acre to several acres or hectares which may be a single compact block of land, or may comprise several parcels of land, which may or may not be located in the same administrative area. The holding does not include lands which the holder is renting out to other persons, but it does cover lands which the holder is renting from other persons, if such land is operated as part of the holding. In order to distinguish any piece of land as a holding it must have associated with it at the time of enumeration at least: (a) Two or more heads of cattle, or pigs, or goats or sheep or any other types of livestock, or one head of any two types of livestock being raised for agricultural purposes primarily for sale; or (b) A flock of at least 12 poultry of which all or some are being raised primarily for sale; or (c) Bee-keeping or fish farming activities primarily for sale; or (d) Crops (vegetables fruits and other tree crops) grown primarily for sale; or (e) The growing of Ornamental Plants, Flowers primarily for sale. However, where hydro-ponic and grow box techniques are being used to produce crops for sale, such places would qualify as holdings regardless of the size of land being used. Backyard gardens on which crops are being grown solely for home consumption are not included. 20

25 Economic units engaged solely in the following activities are not considered agricultural holdings: - Hunting, trapping and game propagation - Forestry and logging - Fishing - Agricultural services. Holder The holder is the civil person or legal entity with the economic and technical initiative, who makes major decisions regarding resource use and exercises management control over the agricultural holding operation. The holder may undertake all responsibilities directly, or through a manager to whom he has delegated the responsibility for the day-to-day management of the holding. The holder will therefore normally be an owner or tenant/lessee or he may be a rent-free tenant or a squatter, or an executor after the death of an owner where the heir(s) are not yet in possession. The holder may be an individual, a company, a co-operative society, an institution, a government agency, a commune, a trustee or some other organised entity. Parcel A parcel is a contiguous piece of land of a holding held under one form of tenure, whether or not this land is cut by a road, river or administrative boundary. Therefore, a parcel may comprise the entire holding or it may be part of a holding. A parcel may consist of one or more fields adjacent to each other: A field is a piece of land in a parcel separated from the rest of the parcel by easily recognizable demarcation lines, such as paths, cadastral boundaries and/or hedges. A field may consist of one or more plots. A plot is a whole field or part of a field on which a specific crop or crop mixture is grown. Hired Manager A hired manager is a person who is responsible for making day to day decisions in operating a holding, including the management and supervision of hired labour on behalf of the holder. A hired manager who shares economic and financial responsibilities in addition to managing the holding should be considered a holder or a joint holder. Thus a hired manager is usually a paid employee of a holder, but he may be an unpaid relative of the holder. Wages may be in cash and/or kind. For Government holdings, the officer-in-charge of the day-to-day administration should be regarded as the hired manager. 21

26 Agricultural Operations For purposes of this Census, agricultural operations cover: - The growing of tree crops, field crops, vegetables and other food crops, nurseries and flowers (both in the open and under protection) grasses and other fodder crops. - The production of coffee, cocoa, copra, citrus and other crop products. - The rearing of livestock and poultry and the production of livestock and poultry products. - Bee-Keeping and Fish Farming. Establishments, which rear horses for racing purposes or dogs, or any other animal for nonagricultural purposes were not considered as agricultural holdings. Administrative Areas The major divisions of the country comprise of the following administrative areas: Trinidad City Corporations Tobago Parishes Port of Spain St. George San Fernando St. Mary St. Andrew Borough Corporations St. Patrick St. David Arima St. Paul Chaguanas St. John Point Fortin Regional Corporations Diego Martin San Juan/Laventille Tunapuna/Piarco Mayaro/Rio Claro Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo Princes Town Penal/Debe Siparia 22

27 Appendix I PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE 2004 POST AGRICULTURAL CENSUS EVALUATION (PES) Number of Households in the Frame Number of Households in selected EDs before Listing Number of Households in selected EDs after Listing Number of Holders found in selected EDs during the PES Number of Holders found in the Selected EDs during the Census 309,600 23,365 23,017 1,505 1,445 Two methods were used to estimate the coverage bias. Both methods resulted in an undercoverage error of 4.0%. (I) A comparison of Holders found in the selected EDs during the PES and those found in the same EDs during the Census. As indicated in the table above, 1,445 holders were found in the Census in the selected EDs and 1,505 Holders were found in the same EDs during the PES. Therefore the comparison would be: 1445/1505 = 96.01%. Hence there was an undercoverage error of 3.99% (II) The Ratio Method (a) Adjustment to the number of households in the frame due to the difference in the number of households in sample before and after listing. This adjustment was determined as: H i H i = (h i /h f ) x H f H i = (23017/23365) x = Where H i = Adjusted No. of households after listing H f = No. of households in frame before listing h i = No. of households in sample after listing h f = No. of households in sample before listing (b) Estimation of the number of holders The estimation of the number of holders was determined as: HO i Where HO i = No. of holders in Trinidad and Tobago HO i = (ho i /h i ) x H i ho i = No. of holders in sample from PES HO i = (1505/23017) x h i = No. of householdds in sample after listing = (c) Comparing the enumerated number of holders to the estimated number of holders /19942 = 95.99%. Hence there was an undercoverage error of 4.01%

28 The Central Statistical Office Printing Unit Trinidad and Tobago