ODFW Life Cycle Monitoring Project

Transcription

1 ODFW Life Cycle Monitoring Project Background and Potential as Intensively Monitored Watersheds Erik Suring

2 . Necanicum Lower Nehalem Upper Nehalem Nehalem Scappoose River Scappoose LCM Background Cummins Tenmile Tenmile Siltcoos Tahkenitch Beaver Cascade Salmon Siletz Mill Cr (Siletz) Mill Cr (Yaquina) WF Smith EF Lobster Upper Lobster Siuslaw Lower Umpqua Tillamook Nestucca Yaquina Alsea Middle Umpqua Coast Coho ESU Lower Columbia Coho ESU Coho Populations Life Cycle Monitoring Basins (Smolt & Adult) Smolt Monitoring Basins Trap Sites Monitoring at 12 locations Data sets >10 years Coho, steelhead, Chinook, cutthroat Opportunistically chosen Fish productivity Freshwater and Marine Trends and Relationships Coos Winchester Miles North Umpqua

3 . Necanicum Lower Nehalem Upper Nehalem Nehalem Scappoose River Scappoose Site Characteristics Cummins Tenmile Tenmile Siltcoos Tahkenitch Beaver Cascade Salmon Siletz Mill Cr (Siletz) Mill Cr (Yaquina) WF Smith Tillamook Alsea EF Lobster Upper Lobster Siuslaw Lower Umpqua Nestucca Yaquina Middle Umpqua Coast Coho ESU Lower Columbia Coho ESU Coho Populations Life Cycle Monitoring Basins (Smolt & Adult) Smolt Monitoring Basins Trap Sites sq km basin size 4 58 km of spawning habitat Above tide to >50 stream km inland Private, federal, and state forest Hatchery fish presence Coos Winchester Miles North Umpqua

4 . Beaver Necanicum Salmon Siletz Mill Cr (Siletz) Lower Nehalem Tillamook Nestucca Yaquina Mill Cr (Yaquina) Upper Nehalem Nehalem Coast Coho ESU Lower Columbia Coho ESU Coho Populations Scappoose River Scappoose Life Cycle Monitoring Basins (Smolt & Adult) Smolt Monitoring Basins Trap Sites Adult Counts No barrier to complete barrier to adult passage Visual counts (AUC Estimates) Mark-recapture estimates Complete trap counts Cummins Tenmile Cascade Alsea EF Lobster Upper Lobster Siuslaw Siltcoos Tahkenitch WF Smith Lower Umpqua Tenmile Middle Umpqua Coos Winchester Miles North Umpqua

5 Coho Females Adult Counts Mill Creek Siletz Mill Creek Yaquina Lobster Creek Upper Return Year

6 Adult Traps Length and Weight (Fitness/Fecundity) Migration Timing Scale samples Sex Hatchery/Wild ratios Tissue samples Genetics Disease and parasite load

7 Smolt Trapping

8 1.0 Coho trap efficiency Smolt Trapping 2D Graph N Fk Nehalem Cascade Cr Fry 1 2 Smolts

9 Smolt Trapping 2D Graph 1 Steelhead trap efficiency Plot N Fk 1 Nehalem Plot Cascade 2 Cr Y Data mm mm Smolts X Data

10 Smolt Trapping Size Distribution (Fitness) Migration Timing PIT tag recoveries/tagging Scale samples Tissue samples

11 Other Data Collection Stream Habitat Inventories Fall and Winter Beaver Dam Inventories Temperature Coastwide Sampling Summer juvenile surveys Habitat surveys

12 Freshwater Survival N Fk Nehalem 2500 Number of Smolts Number of Eggs Declining trend Density dependent effects Freshwater Survival Freshwater Survival Female Spawners Freshwater Survival Full Seeding Freshwater Survival Freshwater Female Spawners Survival Freshwater Survival Full Seeding W Fk Smith Female Spawners Female Spawners

13 Freshwater survival 8 Freshwater Survival W Fk Smith R 2 = Female Spawners

14 Juveniles/km Seeding Level 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, Female Spawners/km

15 Habitat Limiting Factors Model (HLFM) Habitat inventories Maximum smolt production Evaluate and Refine the HLFM

16 Habitat Limiting Factors Model HLFM V 6.0

17 HLFM Estimates average smolt capacity from aquatic inventory estimates of area of different habitats. Based on average densities in different habitat types observed in fully-seeded streams (Nickelson et al. 1992). Typically winter habitat is limiting.

18 Seasonal Habitat Use Coho salmon density by habitat type (fish/m 2 Habitat Type Spring Summer Winter Cascade Rapid Riffle Glide Trench pool Plunge pool Lateral scour pool Mid-channel scour pool Dammed pool Alcove Beaver pond Backwater pool Spawning gravel 2500 eggs/redd / 3 m 2 /redd = 833 eggs/m 2

19 Table 1. Example of application of the coho salmon habitat limiting factors model (HLFM Version 5.0). Stream: East Fork Lobster Creek Stream inventories conducted summer 1990 and winter Stream length: 3.8 km Seasonal capacity from below Survivlal Potential smolts (Capacity * Survival) Spawning 1,330,000 eggs ,600 Spring 32,373 fry ,900 Summer 13,876 parr ,000 Winter 4,576 presmolts ,118 Limiting habitat and Smolt capacity Stream area (m 2 ) by habitat habitat type from inventories Life stage capacity by habitat (Area * Density Habitat type Summer Winter Spawning Spring Summer Winter Cascades Rapids 4,398 10,307 6, Riffles 1,847 6,223 7, Glides 2,966 1,911 3,459 2, Trench pools Plunge pools 667 1, , Lateral scour pools 4,346 5,526 7,129 7,562 1,934 Mid-channel scour pools Dammed pools 168 1,048 2, Alcoves Beaver Ponds ,428 1,235 1,027 Backwater pools , Spawning gravel 1,596 1,330,000 Total Capacity 1,330,000 32,373 13,876 4,576

20 Smolts Mill Creek (Siletz) Female Spawners/mile

21 Returning Female Spawners. Marine Survival (%). Marine Survival Number of Spawners Number of Smolts N Female Spawners NF Nehalem Marine Survival OPI Marine Survival Return Year

22 Returning Female Spawners. Marine Survival (%). Marine Survival N Female Spawners Mill Creek Yaquina Marine Survival OPI Marine Survival Return Year

23 Paired Watershed Research Mill Cr Beaver Cummins and Tenmile Yaquina (Yaquina) E Fk Lobster and Upper Lobster Alsea Cascade Cummins EF Lobster Li (S Sm Tr Tenmile Upper Lobster Siuslaw

24 Using a BACI sampling design to determine changes in juvenile salmonid populations after habitat restoration: Case studies from the coast of Oregon Authors: Steven Johnson & Jeffrey Rodgers Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife

25 Study Objectives Determine changes in Habitat Parameters

26 Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Winter Survival Rate

27 Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Winter Survival Rate

28 Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Winter Survival Rate Coho = Smolts (yr +1) / Summer (yr)

29 Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Freshwater Survival Rate Sthd = Smolts (yr +1, yr +2, yr +3) / Summer (yr)

30 Tenmile Creek Evaluation Study Design Year Tenmile Pre Treatment Post Treatment Cummins Reference Stream Determine Differences in: Habitat Parameters Steelhead Summer Rearing Population Steelhead Smolt Population Steelhead Freshwater Survival Rate

31 1996 Wood Input October Restoration Project February Flood Input

32

33 Age 0+ Steelhead Summer Rearing Population Steelhead age 0+ Population (thousands) Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Tenmile (Treatment) 100 Riffle Rearing Density = 0.3 Fish / Sq. M

34 Age 0+ Steelhead Summer Rearing Population Steelhead age 0+ Population (thousands) Steelhead Age 0+ Population (thousands) Tenmile (Treatment) Pre-Treatment 100 Post-Treatment Riffle Rearing Density = 0.3 Fish / Sq. M Cummins (Reference) Riffle Rearing Density Pre Yrs. = 0.1 Fish / Sq. M ost Yrs. = 0.25 Fish / Sq. M

35 Steelhead smolt population (thousands) Steelhead smolt population (thousands) Tenmile (Treatment) Steelhead Smolt Population Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Cummins (Reference)

36 Steelhead survival rate (%) Steelhead survival rate (%) Steelhead Freshwater Survival Tenmile (Treatment) 30 Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Cummins (Reference)

37 Lobster Creek (Alsea R.) Study Design Year Treatment Upper Lobster Pre Treatment Post Treatment Reference East Fork Lobster Determine Differences in: Test and Refine HLFM Habitat Parameters Coho Summer Rearing Population Coho Smolt Population Coho Winter Survival Rate

38 Lobster Creek (Alsea) Instream Restoration

39 Upper Lobster (Alsea) 23 Dam Pools 8 Off-channel Alcove Pools

40 Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Coho Summer Population Pre-Treatment Treatment

41 Coho Summer Population Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Pre-Treatment Treatment Reference

42 Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Coho Summer Population Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Treatment Reference

43 Coho Smolt Population Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Pre-Treatment Treatment Reference

44 Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Coho Smolt Population Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Treatment Reference

45 Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Overwinter Survival (%) Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Treatment Reference

46 Positives: Conclusions * Measure as many life history stages as possible * Direct Comparison Before and After Treatment * Pre Data Provides Estimate of Natural Variability * Treatment:Control Ratio Buffers Between YR. Variability Negatives: * Appropriate Control Stream? * Long Time Frame -- Increases Risk of External Variables -- Difficult to maintain consistency -- Difficult to maintain funding

47 Assessing patterns of fish demographics and habitat in stream networks J.L. Ebersole 1, M.E. Colvin 2, P.J. Wigington Jr. 1, S.G. Leibowitz 1, and K.M. Burnett 3 1. US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR USA 2. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa USA 3. US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR USA Photo image area measures 2 H x 6.93 W and can be masked by a collage strip of one, two or three images. The photo image area is located 3.19 from left and 3.81 from top of page. Each image used in collage should be reduced or cropped to a maximum of 2 high, stroked with a 1.5 pt white frame and positioned edge-to-edge with accompanying images. Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division

48 Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Research Approach Overwinter: survival, growth, and movement PIT = full duplex passive integrated transponder 12mm 134.2kHz PIT tagging, tracking, and recapturing individual fish Unique ID for individual fish

49 Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory

50 Observed Overwinter Survival Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Low Medium High

51 Future Studies Summer population surveys Freshwater survival components Steelhead survival components Climate change monitoring Temperature and Flow DEQ water quality/invertebrate sampling Beavers Paired watershed studies?