ESSENTIAL MAPS COMPILED IN IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF BLACK SEA HOT SPOTS: THE HBS PROJECT COLLECTION

Transcription

1 ESSENTIAL MAPS COMPILED IN IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF BLACK SEA HOT SPOTS: THE HBS PROJECT COLLECTION 2015

2 BULGARIA Figure 1.Bulgarian key land-based sources of pollution

3 Figure 2.Ecological status of water bodies in rivers and lakes of the Bulgarian Black Sea Basin in 2009 (re-drawn from the Black Sea Basin Management Plan, 2009) (Note: threatened areas in red)

4 Figure 3.Ecological status of Black Sea water bodies as per 2012 (Bulgaria) (Note: threatened areas in red)

5 Figure 4.Ecological status of Black Sea water bodies as per 2013 (Bulgaria)(Note: threatened areas in red)

6 Figure 5.Ecological status of Black Sea water bodies as per 2014 (Bulgaria)(Note: threatened areas in red)

7 Figure6. The BG BS coast and its various sources of human pressures and areas in need for protection (SCI Sites of Community (European Community) Interest, as designated under NATURE ) 1 NATURE2000 is the centrepiece of European nature and biodiversity policy, Requirements to designating European Sites of Community Interest (SCI), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Special Protection Areas (SPA) as well as related

8 Figure 7. Waste water discharge along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast criteria are given in the manuals and guidelines issued under NATURE2000 ( Criteria fall into the following categories: ecological, social, cultural and economic, scientific and educational. Among ecological criteria most important consider uniqueness and rarity, diversity, naturalness, dependency, critical habitats, and vulnerability of the area of interest.

9 Figure8. Nitrogen loads stemming to the Black Sea from various BG rivers and WWTPs (Waste Water Treatment Plants)

10 Figure 9. Phosphorus loads stemming to the Black Sea from various BG rivers and WWTPs (Waste Water Treatment Plants)

11 Figure 10.BG monitoring stations for tracing environmental conditions in protection of birds and their habitats and as defined in Art. 6 of the WFD (re-drawn from the Black Sea Basin Management Plan, 2009)

12 Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EC: and protected areas as defined in Art. 6 of the WFD, (Fig. 11). Figure 11. BG monitoring stations for tracing environmental conditions in protection of NATURE2000 sites under the Habitats Directive and as defined in Art. 6 of the WFD (re-drawn from the Black Sea Basin Management Plan, 2009)

13 GEORGIA Figure 12. Map of key land-based sources of pollution in Georgia Protected areas (Fig. 13) Figure 13. Protected areas in Georgia

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15 Maps of Threatened Coastal Habitats in Georgia (Source: Goriupet al., 2004) Reference: Goriup, P., Goradze, I., Benthem, W. and Docters van Leeuwen, K. (2004) Identifying Key Black Sea Coastal Habitats: Coastal Habitat Red Book for Georgia. Pilot Study Final Report, Technical Assistance to the Black Sea Environmental Programme. (EUROPEAID/111897/C/SV/WW).56 pp. Black Sea Commission, Istanbul. EUNIS Habitat type: D1.1 Category: EN Total area 9,190 ha Raised bogs EUNIS Description: "Highly oligotrophic, strongly acidic communities composed mainly of sphagnum growing on, and forming, peat and deriving moisture and nutrients only from rainfall (ombrotrophic). They form only in cool climates with heavy rainfall. They are most widespread in the boreal zone and in the mountains and hills of the nemoral zone; they occur locally in the lowlands of the nemoral zone and rarely in the middle Eurasian steppe zone. Their independence from ground water is the result either of upward growth or of changes in the water table. Bogs harbour, in addition to various sphagnum species, which are abundant, dominant and the major component of their formation, a small number of acidophilous plants such as [Eriophorumvaginatum], [Scirpuscespitosus] ([Trichophorumcespitosum]), [Carexpauciflora], [Carexpaupercula], [Ledumpalustre], [Vacciniumoxycoccos], [Andromeda polifolia], [Droserarotundifolia] and lichens. Animal species are not numerous but those that are adapted to bogs are highly specialised. (Source: Devillers, P., Devillers-Terschuren, J. and Vander Linden, C. (2001)) Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Recurvirostraavocetta, Himantopushimantopis, Gelochelidonnilotica, Asioflammeus, Pelecanusonocrotalus, Pelecanuscrispus, Haliaeetusalbicilla, Ciconianigra, Pandionhaliaetus, Plegadisfalcinellus, Platalealeucorodia Status: Kolkheti mires are included in the KolkhetiNational park. Kobuleti mires are within the strict nature zone of the Kobuleti Nature Reserve. Conservation impacts: Agriculture, construction, pollution, water regulation Conservation measures required: Protection, restoration Habitat location/distribution map

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17 EUNIS Habitat type: B1.3 Shifting coastal dunes Category: EN Total area 450 ha EUNIS Description: Mobile sands of the coasts of the boreal, nemoral, steppe, Mediterranean and warm-temperate humid zones, unvegetated or occupied by open grasslands; they may form tall dune ridges or, particularly along the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, be limited to a fairly flat upper beach, still subject in part to inundation. (Source: Devillers, P., Devillers-Terschuren, J. and Vander Linden, C. (2001)) Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Recurvirostraavocetta, Himantopushimantopis, Gelochelidonnilotica, Asioflammeus, Pelecanusonocrotalus, Pelecanuscrispus, Plegadisfalcinellus, Platalealeucorodia Status: Part of the sand-dunes fall within KolkhetiNational Park Conservation impacts: Construction, pollution Conservation measures required: Protection Habitat location/distribution map

18 EUNIS Habitat type: G1.5 Broadleaved swamp woodland on acid peat Category: EN Total area 19,770 ha EUNIS Description: Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Asioflammeus, Haliaeetusalbicilla, Ciconianigra, Pandionhaliaetus Status: The central part of the woodland falls within KolkhetiNational Park Conservation impacts: Agriculture, forestry Conservation measures required: Protection, enforcement Habitat location/distribution map

19 EUNIS Habitat type: A4.2 Sub-littoral sands and muddy sands Category: EN Total area 11,453 ha EUNIS Description: Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Cystoseirabarbata, Dictyotadichotoma, Nainereislaevigata, Ophelia bicornis, Phyllodoce nana, Apseudopsisostroumovi, Callianassapontica, Caprellaacanthifera, Carcinus mediterraneus, Macropipusarcuatus, Pilumnushirtellus, Upogebiapusilla, Bela nebula, Cyclopedonovani, Donacilla cornea, Acipenserguldenstaedticolchicus, Acipensernudiventris, Acipenserstellatus, Husohuso, Mesogobiusbatrachocephalus, Mullusbarbatusponticus, Nerophisophidion, Syngnatustenuirostris, Syrignatustyphle, Triglalucerna Status: No conservation status Conservation impacts: Overfishing, bottom trawling Conservation measures required: Protection, enforcement Habitat location/distribution map

20 EUNIS Habitat type: A4.1 Category: EN Total area 2,527 ha EUNIS Description: Criteria met for importance V2 Sublittoral mobile cobbles, gravels and coarse sands Key species supported: Cystoseirabarbata, Dictyotadichotoma, Nainereislaevigata, Ophelia bicornis, Phyllodoce nana, Carcinus mediterraneus, Pilumnushirtellus, Upogebiapusilla, Bela nebula, Cyclopedonovani, Donacilla cornea, Callionyrnusbelenus, Diplodusannularis, Hippocampus guttulatusmicrostephanus, Mesogobiusbatrachocephalus, Mullusbarbatusponticus, Scorpenaporcus, Triglalucerna Status: No conservation status Conservation impacts: Pollution Conservation measures required: Protection, enforcement Habitat location/distribution map

21 EUNIS Habitat type: C1.5 Permanent inland saline and brackish lakes, ponds and pools Category: EN Total area 2,390 ha EUNIS Description: Athalassic brackish, saline or hypersaline lakes, ponds or pools and their pelagic animal, green algal or lower algal communities, including marine mammal, bird and pelagic fish communities of the large inland seas of central Eurasia and of the big brackish lakes of the boreal zone. (Source: Devillers, P., Devillers-Terschuren, J. and Vander Linden, C. (2001)) Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Acipenserstellatus, Asioflammeus, Ciconianigra, Gelochelidonnilotica, Haliaeetusalbicilla, Himantopushimantopus, Pandionhaliaetus, Pelecanuscrispus, Pelecanusonocrotalus, Platalealeucorodia, Tadornaferruginea, Lutralutra Status: LakePaliastomi is designated as a Ramsar site and included in KolkhetiNational Park Conservation impacts: Pollution, agriculture, eutrophication, military activities, fishing, hunting Conservation measures required: Protection, enforcement Habitat location/distribution map

22 EUNIS Habitat type: A1.1 Category: EN Littoral rock very exposed to wave action Total area 14 ha (does not include Abkhazian coast) EUNIS Description: Extremely exposed to exposed bedrock and boulder shores. Mussels and barnacles dominate these shores, occasionally with robust fucoids in extremely exposed conditions or turfs of red seaweed. (Source: Connor, D.W., Brazier, D.P., Hill, T.O., &Northen, K.O. (1997)) Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Cystoseirabarbata, Dictyotadichotoma, Puffinuspuffinusyelkouan, Halacarellusprocerus, Pontellamediterranea, Labidocerabrunescens. Patella tarentina, Pachygrapsus marmoratus Status: None Conservation impacts:coastal defence, pollution (non-eutrophic) of air, earth and water Conservation measures required: Designation Habitat location/distribution map

23 EUNIS Habitat type: A2.2 Littoral sands and muddy sands Category: EN Total area 27,760 ha (does not include Abkhazian coast) EUNIS Description: Shores of muddy sand, typically consisting of particles less than 4 mm in diameter, where the mud fraction (less than mm diameter particles) makes up between 10% and 30% of the sediment. Typically, the sand fraction is medium (particle diameter mm) or fine (particle diameter mm) sand. Muddy sand usually forms gently sloping flats that remain water-saturated throughout the tidal cycle. They support communities predominantly of polychaetes and bivalves, including the lugworm [Arenicola marina], the cockle [Cerastodermaedule] and the Baltic tellin [Macomabalthica], but may also have seagrass [Zosteranoltii] beds (LMS.Znol). (Source: Connor, D.W., Brazier, D.P., Hill, T.O., &Northen, K.O. (1997)) Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Cystoseirabarbata, Dictyotadichotoma, Nainereislaevigata, Ophelia bicornis, Phyllodoce nana, Apseudopsisostroumovi, Callianassapontica, Caprellaacanthifera, Carcinus mediterraneus, Macropipusarcuatus, Pilumnushirtellus, Upogebiapusilla, Bela nebula, Cyclopedonovani, Donacilla cornea, Acipenserguldenstaedticolchicus, Acipensernudiventris, Acipenserstellatus, Husohuso, Mesogobiusbatrachocephalus, Mullusbarbatusponticus, Nerophisophidion, Syngnatustenuirostris, Syrignatustyphle, Triglalucerna. Status: Partly protected under the KolkhetiNational Park Conservation impacts:overfishing, bottom trawling Conservation measures required: Enforcement of fisheries regulations Habitat location/distribution map

24 EUNIS Habitat type: A4.3 - Sublittoral muds Category: EN Total area 36,450 ha (does not include Abkhazian coast) EUNIS Description: Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Eteone siphonodonta, Phyllodoce nana, Apseudopsisostroumovi, Callianassatruncata, Caprellaacanthifera, Carcinus mediterraneus, Pilumnushirtellus, Bela nebula, Cyclopedonovani, Acipenserguldenstaedticolchicus, Acipensernudiventris, Acipenserstellatus, Acipensersturio, Husohuso, Mesogobiusbatrachocephalus, Mullusbarbatusponticus, Nerophisophidion, Syngnathustenuirostris, Syngnathustyphle, Triglalucerna Status: None Conservation impacts:overfishing, bottom trawling Conservation measures required: Enforcement of fishing regulations Habitat location/distribution map

25 EUNIS Habitat type: X01 - Estuaries Category: EN Total area 870 ha EUNIS Description: Broadening of rivers entering the sea. Detailed habitats can be coded by combining subdivisions of prefix 11 with the relevant physiographic subdivisions of unit (Source: Devillers, P., Devillers-Terschuren, J. and Vander Linden, C. (2001)) Criteria met for importance V2 Key species supported: Salvinianatans, Trapanatans, Zostera Marina, Acipenserguldenstaedti, Acipenserguldenstaedticolchicus V. Marti, Acipensernudiventris, Acipenserstellatus, Acipensersturio, Husohuso, Mesogobiusbatrachocephalus, Mullusbarbatusponticus, Salmotruttalabrax, Dicentrarchuslabrax, Diplodusannularis, Nerophisophidion, Pomatoschistuscaucasicus, Spicarasmaris, Syngnathustenuirostris, Syngnathustyphle, Knipowitschialongicaudata, Ciconianigra, Gelochelidonnilotica, Haliaeetusalbicilla, Himantopushimantopus, Pandionhaliaetus, Pelecanuscrispus, Pelecanusonocrotalus, Platalealeucorodia,,Plegadisfalcinellus, Puffinuspuffinusyelkouan, Recurvirostraavosetta, Tadornaferruginea Status: None Conservation impacts: Agriculture, construction, coastal defence, building activities for recreation purposes, mineral extraction, pollution (non-eutrophic) of air, earth and water, water regulation, military activities, fishing, hunting Conservation measures required: Designation, protection, enforcement Habitat location/distribution map

26 ROMANIA Figure 14. Map of key land-based sources of pollution in Romania

27 Figure... Vulnerable areas to nitrates in the Dobrogea river area and the Danube Delta (Romania)

28 Figure. Areas intended for protection of habitats and species where water is an important factor in the Dobrogea River Area (Romania)

29 Figure... Ecological status and ecological potential of surface waters in the Danube catchment area in 2013 (Romania)

30 TURKEY Figure. Map of land-based sources of municipal pollution in Turkey Figure. Map of land-based sources of industrial pollution in Turkey

31 Figure.. Protected Areas in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey Figure..Coastal Slopes in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey (red line is for the coastal slopes <1 and others for >1)

32 Figure..Sensitive/Less Sensitive Areas in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey according to EC UWWT Directive (green line is for the sensitive areas, pink colour is for potential sensitive areas and orange is for coastal areas to be monitored with insufficient data, SINHA Project Results, 2011) Figure..Sensitive/Less Sensitive Areas based on coastal water bodies in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey according to EC UWWTD (green line is for the sensitive areas, blue colour is for less sensitive areas, HASSAS Project Results, 2015)

33 Figure..Ecological Statues of Coastal Water Bodies accordingto EC WFD (DEKOS Project Results, 2012) Figure..Total Nitrogen Loads Sourced from Diffused & Point Land Based Sources (HASSAS Project Results, 2015) Figure..Total Phosphorous Loads Sourced from Diffused & Point Land Based Sources (HASSAS Project Results, 2015)

34 Figure.. Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey (SINHA Project, 2010) Figure.. Landfill Areas Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey (SINHA Project, 2010) Figure.. Population Density Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey (SINHA Project, 2010)

35 Figure.. Livestock Breeding Density Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey (SINHA Project, 2010) Figure.. Tourism Activity Intensities along Black Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey (SINHA Project, 2010) Figure Draft Hot Spots of Turkey according to BSC Draft Methodology(SINHA Project Results, 20

36 UKRAINE Figure. Map of key land-based sources of pollution in Ukraine Figure Protected and sensitive areas in Ukraine

37 Figure Anthropogenic pressures and loads along the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea

38 Figure Pollution sources along the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea