Brief Introduction of Xingkai Lake

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1 Sub-Regional Workshop On Transboundary Water Resources Management In Central Asia For The Second Assessment Of Transboundary Waters Under The Water Convention Brief Introduction of Xingkai Lake Li Jiao Beijing Forestry University, P. R. China

Wetland Research Group is made up of a leader Professor Lei Guangchun, 2 assistants, 2 Ph. D.

2 My Group Beijing Forestry University is the only higher institution in China which has the college that cultivates professionals specialized on nature reserve protection and management. Wetland Research Group is made up of a leader Professor Lei Guangchun, 2 assistants, 2 Ph. D. students, and 11 Master students. Wetland Research Group focus on hydrology, carbon sink, birds, amphibians and other aspects of important wetland sites, as well as zoning, monitoring, assessing the Nature Reserve.

3 Contents 1.Description of the Lake 2.Description of Nature Reserve 3.Main problems in the Basin 4.Transboundary Cooperation

4 1.Description of the Lake Name: Xingkai Lake (China) Lake Khanka (Russia) Location: China on the border of the People s Republic of China and the Russian Federation Type: Russia Fresh Permanent Natural Trophic State: Eutrophic Figure 1 Satellite map of Lake

5 1.Description of the Lake Water Surface Area: 4,380km 2, China: 1,240km 2 & Russia :3,140km 2 Volume: 18.30km 3 Depth: Ave.=4.5m Max=10.6m Catchment : 16,890km 2 Inflowing rivers Figure 2 Birds of the Xingkai Lake 8-China;15-Russia

6 2.Description of Nature Reserve Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve :Xingkai Lake + 4 Agriculture Farms + 1 Fish Farm Ramsar Site Population: 88,160 Density 40 person/km 2 Table 1 Land Use Type of Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve Land Use Type Area(ha) Percent(%) Lake Area 124, Swamp Area 46, Forest Area 8,583 4 Agriculture Land 42, Total %

7 2.Description of Nature Reserve 2.1 Plants Xingkai Lake, China part, has 691 vascular species, among which 10 species are endangered plants. Pinus ussruiensis is the endemic species in the zone. Figure 3 Pinus ussruiensis

8 2.Description of Nature Reserve 2.2 Animals In Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve: Table 2 Animals List in the Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve ORDERS FAMILIES SPECIES FISHES AMPHIBIANS CRAWLS BIRDS MAMMALS TOTAL endangered animals

9 2.Description of Nature Reserve Birds Xingkai Lake One of the highest level of bird diversity in Eurasian temperate zone. Home to 361 migratory, nesting, and wintering birds. Figure 4: East Asian-Australasian Flyway Source: Maki Koyama 2008 Partnership for EAAF.

10 2.Description of Nature Reserve Birds Grus japonensis Egretta alba Ciconia nigra Ciconia boyciana Anser cygnoides Figure 5-1 Birds

11 2.Description of Nature Reserve Birds Phalacrocora x carbo Mergellus alb Figure 5-2 Birds Anas crecca Anas penelope Tadorna ferruginea Anas falcata Anas querquedula Anas formosa Anas clypeata Anas platyrhynchos & Anas acuta Aix galericulata Mergus merganser Tadorna tadorna

12 2.Description of Nature Reserve Fishes Erythroculter dabryi Huso dauricus Himeculter bleekerilucidus Erythroculter ilishaeformis Figure 6 Fishes

13 2.Description of Nature Reserve Mammals Prionailurus bengalensis Ursus thibetanus Lepus timidus Cervus elaphus Figure 7 Mammals Lutra lutra

14 2.Description of Nature Reserve 2.3 Uses & Functions Irrigation Figure 8 Irrigation Fishery Industry Figure 9 Fishery Industry

15 3.Main problems in the Basin 3.1 Waste, especially agricultural wastewater discharged to the lake caused: eutrophic raising COD Rice Paddy Xingkai Lake Straw Figure 10 Agricultural Wastewater

16 3.Main problems in the Basin 3.2 Overfishing Figure 11 Overfishing

17 4.Transboundary Cooperation 4.1 History Yr History Evolution 1986 Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve(China) 1990 Khanka Lake National Nature Reserve(Russia) 1996 Agreement on Lake Xingkai/Khanka 1997 Transboundary International Nature Reserve North-East Asia Crane Network 2002 Ramsar Site of International Importance 2006 Biosphere Reserve Table 3 History between China and Russia Sino-Russian Joint Monitoring Program on Water Quality of Transboundary Water Bodies

4.Transboundary Cooperation Russia and China have regular exchange visits, joint monitoring of

2rd meeting of Sino-Russian Joint Committee of Wise use and Protection of the Transboundary

and Ecology Трутнев Юрий Петрович attended the 5th meeting of the Environmental Sub-Committee

18 4.Transboundary Cooperation Russia and China have regular exchange visits, joint monitoring of the water quality, environment protection cooperation, and birds survey every year. 2rd meeting of Sino-Russian Joint Committee of Wise use and Protection of the Transboundary Water Head of China's environmental agency Zhou Shengxian and Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology Трутнев Юрий Петрович attended the 5th meeting of the Environmental Sub-Committee between China and Russia A Russian research staff collected water samples together with Chinese research staff

19 4.Transboundary Cooperation 4.2 Sino-Russian Joint Monitoring Program on Water Quality of Transboundary Water Bodies Sign :2006, begin :2007. Monitoring time: May and Sep. every year Table 4 Monitoring contents Flow SS PH DO Oil COD BOD5 TP Pb Nitrite Cu Zn NO 2 --N As Hg Cd Cr 6+ IPB Ar-OH DDT DDE PCB Fe Mn 2,4-dichlorophenol Trichlorop henol Atrazine Temperature 2,4-d Lindane Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Dimethylb enzene Ammonia nitrogen Permanganate index Ethylami ne Hexachloro benzene Fecal coliforms Chlorofor m

20 4.Transboundary Cooperation 4.2 Sino-Russian Joint Monitoring Program on Water Quality of Transboundary Water Bodies Monitoring sections are located at the interchange of Xingkai Lake and Songacha River, from which monitoring results represent the overall Lake. According to the results of 2009, water quality is generally good. Compared to the results of 2007 and 2008, no significant change and seasonal change is found in the water quality. Summary Report 2009, Water Monitoring And Protection Team, Environmental Cooperation Sub-Committee, Regular Meeting Between Chinese Premier And Russian Prime Minister

21 4.Transboundary Cooperation 4.3 Future Recommendations and Planned Response Measures Making watershed protection plans and carrying out ecological environmental constructions between China and Russia Developing eco-agriculture, through reducing the utilization of pesticides and fertilizes Protecting the present lake wetland and converting cultivated land to wetland Restoring Xingkai Lake fishery resource

22 For More Information College of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University No. 159 mailbox, 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, China Fax/Tel:

North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC) Workshop on Nature Conservation and Transboundary Cooperation

North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC) Workshop on Nature Conservation and Transboundary Cooperation 28-29 November 2016, Beijing, China Concept note The 2016 Workshop