NEW FIBRES IN BIOCOMPOSITES: SPANISH BROOM-NEW FIBRE FOR COMPOSITES. Zorana KOVAČEVIĆ; Edyta BOGACZ; Malgorzata ZIMNIEWSKA; Sandra BISCHOF VUKUŠIĆ

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1 NEW FIBRES IN BIOCOMPOSITES: SPANISH BROOM-NEW FIBRE FOR COMPOSITES Zorana KOVAČEVIĆ; Edyta BOGACZ; Malgorzata ZIMNIEWSKA; Sandra BISCHOF VUKUŠIĆ

2 Introductio n Studying the long history of clothing, the man is faced with the application of composites in order to develop protective textiles. The parts of a Medieval knight s suit of Armor were a complex series of garments, chain mail and iron plate to prevent skin irritation

Introduction Composites are homogeneous materials obtained by merging two or more different materials (matrix, reinforcements, binders and fillers) to achieve specific characteristics and properties

3 Introduction Composites are homogeneous materials obtained by merging two or more different materials (matrix, reinforcements, binders and fillers) to achieve specific characteristics and properties (strength, density...). Textile composites are one of the most commonly used engineering materials. The main characteristics of a textile composite are high stiffness, high strength, and low density.

Introduction In recent years there is an increasing development of environmental consciousness and thus a significant interest in natural fibers for production of biocomposites is initiated.

4 Introduction In recent years there is an increasing development of environmental consciousness and thus a significant interest in natural fibers for production of biocomposites is initiated. Biocomposites is often used for making protective textiles (textile that is resistant to heat, cold, chemicals, mechanical shock, radiation, etc.) and whose main task is the protection of people from injuries due to unforeseen situations. One of the most common applications of biocomposites made from bast fibers such as flax, hemp or Spanish broom is in the automotive industry.

5 Spanish Broom Spanish broom is a plant that grows in all countries around the Mediterranean Sea. A long time ago, people made ropes, baskets, mats, etc. from Broom fibres. Wanting to show Broom as a raw material suitable for making biocomposites, in this paper, we have compared and examined Spanish broom and flax fibers.

6 SE M SEM examination is one of the methods by which we can observe a morphological similarity of Spanish broom and flax fibres. a. b. SEM images of technical fiber cross section: a. Spanish broom and b. flax. a. b. c. SEM images of longitudinal images of fibres: a. Spanish broom elementary fiber; b. flax elementary fiber; c. Spanish broom technical fiber and d. flax technical d. fiber

7 FTIR & %T TGA Wavenumber [cm-1] FLAX water retting (WR_5) water retting (WR_8) water retting (WR_9) osmotic degumming (OD_5) osmotic degumming (OD_8) osmotic degumming (OD_9) FTIR spectra of tested materials; %T transmission; WR_5,8,9- fibres from the plant harvested in May, August and September obtained by water retting, OD_5,8,9- fibres from the plant harvested in May, August and September obtained by osmotic degumming. TG and DTG curves: a) WR_5 (fibres from the plant harvested in May obtained after water retting) and OD_5 (fibres from the plant harvested in May obtained after osmotic degumming); b) flax

8 BREAKING TENACITY & FINENESS OF THE FIBRES Different ways of maceration greatly affect the fiber properties (fineness, strength, length). Comparing the fineness of broom and linen, we can conclude that the fibers obtained from the broom plant are coarser than flax fibers but still all the tested fibers belong to the class of medium-fine fibers. a. Graphical view of: a) fineness and b) tenacity of tested fibres; WR_5-9: fibres from plants obtained by water retting; OD_5-9: fibres from plants harvested obtained by osmotic degumming; Lan - flax fiber of the Polish cultivar Artemida obtained by maceration of osmotic degumming. The average strength of flax fibers is between 30 and 60 cn/tex, so it can be concluded that in the matter of the strength the broom fibres don t fall behind the flax fibers, especially in the later months of the harvest.

Conclusion The aim of this study was to determine the quality of fibres obtained from domestic Spanish Broom plants and their usage for composites.

9 Conclusion The aim of this study was to determine the quality of fibres obtained from domestic Spanish Broom plants and their usage for composites. The fibers extracted from the Spanish broom in this work exhibit physical-mechanical and thermal properties that are very similar to flax fibres confirming the possibility to use them in the industry of fibres reinforced composites. It is extremely large market of such biocomposites, contributing to the importance of this subject. Acknowledgment The research leading to these results was performed within a research secondment at the premises of INFMP, Poznan, Poland and has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) for the CSA action FP7-REGPOT :T-Pot for grant agreement no

DISSEMINATION CONFERENCE

DISSEMINATION CONFERENCE FP7-REGPOT-2008-1-229801 T-Pot - Unlocking the Croatian Textile Research Potentials ul. Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, POLAND Tel: +48 (61) 84 55 859; fax: +48 (61) 84 17