Tentamen I och Omtentamen III. TI14 och Exchange TEN 16 VT16. TI13 och Exchange Ten 15 VT15

Transcription

1 Textilkemi med miljökemi 7,5 högskolepoäng Provmoment: Textilkemi med miljökemi, skriftlig tentamen 6,0 hp Tentamen I och mtentamen III Ladokkod: TTM011 Tentamen ges för: TI14 och Exchange TE 16 VT16 TI13 och Exchange Ten 15 VT15 TentamensKod: Tentamensdatum: Tid: 09:00-13:00 jälpmedel: Språklexikon, Language dictionary Totalt antal poäng på tentamen: 108 För att få respektive betyg krävs: Underkänd Godkänd Väl godkänd 0-42,5 poäng 43-85,5 poäng poäng (ETS grades: F: 0-21,5, Fx: 22-42,5p, E: 43-55,5p, D: 56-68,5p, : 69-85,5p, B: 86-96,5p, A: p) Rätningstid: a tre veckor Ansvarig lärare Kenneth Tingsvik

2 Exam in textile chemistry and environmental chemistry for TI14 and Exchange TE 16 VT16 and Re-exam in textile chemistry and environmental chemistry for TI13 and Exchange TE 15 VT15. Date: Teacher: Kenneth Tingsvik 1. Fibre chemistry (12p) 1a) Discuss briefly the purpose of the following four process steps in the process for regular viscose fibre production: (6p) steeping (i.e. treatment with strong a (aq.)) ageing xanthation ripening 1b) Discuss briefly how the igh Wet Modulus (WM) viscose fibres differ from regular viscose fibres regarding production process, morphological fibre structure and fibre properties. (6p) 2. Fibre chemistry (9p) In appendix 1 the chemical structures of different monomers are shown. Select appropriate monomers and show the chemical structures of the following polymers: (Structures containing at least three monomers are requested.) 2a) the polymer in a polyester fibre 2b) the polymer in a Kevlar fibre (i.e. a para-aramide fibre) 2c) the main polymer in an acrylic fibre 2d) the polymer in a flax fibre 2e) The Kevlar fibres have very special properties and use to be called high performance fibres. Describe briefly the morphological structure of the Kevlar fibres, which gives these special properties. (3p) 3. Fibre chemistry (7,5p) The properties of the wool fibre could be derived to the chemical and morphological construction of the fibre. Mention briefly what in the construction of the fibre that causes: (7,5p) 3a) that the wool fibre has inherent flame resistant properties. 3b) that wool has very good heat isolation properties. 3c) that the wool fibre is very elastic 3d) that the wool fibre has the highest moisture content of all common textile fibres. 3e) that the wool fibre has inherent water repellent properties.

3 4. Tensides (8p) 4a) Show with simple sketches how a tenside, with the chemical structure a +, disperses an oil droplet in water. (Use an appropriate symbol for the tenside in your sketches.) (4p) 4b) The tenside above is based on a natural fatty acid and could thus be expected to pass the new EU detergent regulation, E o 648/2004. Describe briefly what is stated about detergents in that EU regulation including what the terms ultimate biodegradation and primary biodegradation stand for? (4p) 5. Textile dyeing (8p) Below the structure of the dye.i. Vat Greene 8 is shown. 5a) Describe the (continuous) dyeing process for dyeing with this dye (i.e. the different steps in the dyeing process). (4p) 5b) Show the main chemicals reaction of this dye in the dyeing process you have described above. (Use appropriate model for the dye.) (4p) R 1.I. Vat Greene 8 6. Textile dyeing (12p) 6a) Below the structure of the acid dye Acid Red 115 is shown. Show the principle chemical reactions for dying a wool fibre with this dye. (Use appropriate symbol for the dye structure and for the wool fibre.) (4p) 6b) In dyeing of wool fibres with the dye Acid Red 115 a salt, e.g. sodium sulphate, a 2 S 4 is used. Explain briefly the main reason for adding salt and how the salt works in this kind of dyeing. (4p)

4 6c) Textile dyeing could mean significant environmental impact including high consumption of energy and water. Discuss briefly different kinds of environmental and/or health impact (other than energy and water consumption), which could arise at different kinds of dyeing of textiles. Four relevant aspects are required. (4p) S 3 a I. Acid Red 115 S 3 a 7. Finishing (10p) 7a) Below the structure of a chemical (here named Resin A) used for easy-care finishing of cotton is shown. Explain how this resin works for giving the crease resistant effect and show the chemical reaction(s) of this resin in the easy-care finishing of cotton. (Remark: nly a structure consisting of three monomeric resins is required.) (5p) 2 Resin A 2 2 7b) owever, nowadays the dominating resins for easy-care finishing are based on DMDEU, dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (see the structure below). Such resins normally gives less formaldehyde content in the finished fabric compared to resin A (above). In order to further reduce the formaldehyde release of easy-care finishes with DMDEU based resins, different measures could be taken. Discuss at least five different such measures to reduce the formaldehyde content/formaldehyde release of a cotton fabric easy-care finished with resins based on DMDEU. (o chemical structures are requested.) (5p)

5 8. Finishing (11p) The compound below (here named ompound 1) has been very much discussed in the last decade. 8a) Mention the main application area for ompound 1. (1.5p) 8b) Discuss briefly the health impact of this compound and the legislation in EU concerning this compound. (3,5p) ompound c) licone elastomers are quite a modern kind of softeners. licone elastomer formulations contain two kinds of silicone compounds (see structure 2 and 3 below) and an acidic catalyst. Describe briefly with schematic drawing(s) how the silicone elastomer is constructed. (The description should clearly indicate the different roles of 2 and 3. o chemical formulas are required.) (6p) Structure 2. Structure 2. n = (1b) n Structure 3.

6 9. Flame retardant finishes (8p) The chemical structure of a common flame retardant agent for cotton fabrics is shown below. 9a) Explain (and show by a schematic chemical formula) how the very good durability (wash fastness) of finishing of cotton fabrics with this flame retardant is achieved. (4p) 9b) Discuss the environmental impact of this flame retardant finishing. (4p) Flame retardant agent (for question 9a and 9b) 10. Antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial finishes. (8p) 10a) Treatment of textiles with silver nanoparticles (in combination with e.g. a binder) gives very good antimicrobial properties, though the nanoparticles themselves have no or little antimicrobial effect. Explain briefly why such a treatment gives very good antimicrobial properties. (2p) 10b) Discuss the health and/or environmental impact of silver and silver compounds. (2p) 10c) Discuss briefly the new EU Biocidal Products Regulation from 2013 (which includes antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial finishes). (4p) 11. Microcapsules and microencapsulation (7,5p) Describe the technique Interfacial Polymerisation for chemical encapsulation of a fragrance. (o chemical formulas are required. Any used symbols should be explained. The description could also be illustrated by simple drawings.) 12. GM cotton and chemical legislation (7p) 12a) Describe briefly the two dominating types of genetically modified cotton, GM cotton. (4p) 12b) A retailer of textile fabrics delivers fabrics to furniture producers as well as directly to private customers. The fabrics contain PFA at concentrations of 0,15% of the fabric weight. PFA is on the REA andidate list. Mention what the retailer must do in order to follow the regulations in REA. (3p)

7 Appendix 1