TURN OF THE 20 TH CENTURY MAREN WITTE, HAYLEY SHELTON, LOGAN GUERZINI, DOM KAVANAUGH

Transcription

1 TURN OF THE 20 TH CENTURY MAREN WITTE, HAYLEY SHELTON, LOGAN GUERZINI, DOM KAVANAUGH

2 GEOGRAPHIC Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Austria, Russia Underground(metro) Railways begin to develop making transportation easier throughout an area, leading to the development of city expansion.

3 POLITICAL 2 nd Industrial Revolution Suffragettes Social Democratic Party Berlin Conference Imperialism

4 ETHNIC TENSIONS Kulturkampf Anti-semitism Pogroms

5 WORLD WAR 1 Three Emperors League(R,G,A-H) Nationalism Black Hand Russian Revolution Treaty of Versailles

6 INTELLECTUAL

7 NEW SCIENTIFIC THEORIES Charles Lyell found that the Earth is much older than originally thought. Strauss questioned historical accuracy in the Bible.

8 DARWINISM Charles Darwin released his book On the Origin of Species. The Descent of Man gave his theory on human evolution from primitive life.

9

10 RELIGIOUS

11 ATTACK ON CHRISTIANITY Christianity attacked on moral, historical, and scientific fronts. Strauss questioned if Jesus actually existed and questioned the historical credibility of the bible. Lyell said that the Earth is much older than the bible says Nietezsche said the Bible glorified weakness and had a cruel, unforgiving God

12

13 POPES FINAL EFFORT Pope Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors Pope Leo XIII Rerum Novarum Pope Pius X, Anti-modernist oath

14 ARTISTIC

15 Impressionism Postimpressionism Cubism

16 IMPRESSIONISM Rose in Paris Depicted modern life itself Used light, color, and representation Curious and shocking when 1 st displayed Cafes, dance halls, concerts, picnics, horse races, boating, beach parties

17

18

19 POSTIMPRESSIONISM Younger artists Tried to relate to earlier art traditions Form and structure Chief figures: Seurat, Cezanne, Van Gogh, and Gauguin

20 POINTILLISM Georges Seurat Light, color, vision Small dots applied to canvas Up to the eye of the viewer

21 PAUL CEZANNE Form and solidity back in still life/landscape

22 PAUL GAUGUIN South Pacific New view of reality

23 CUBISM Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque Painting autonomous realm of art w/ no purpose beyond itself Only 2-D Geometric shapes Unexpected positions Redirect portrayal of reality

24 Starry Night Sunflowers Violin and Palette

25 TECHNOLOGY

26 TECHNOLOGY Steel, chemicals, electricity, and Petroleum Gottlieb Diamler: internal combustion engine starts Petroleum Age Henry Ford: assembly line Advancement in medical care Children

27 WATER AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS One of the major health and engineering achievements of the 19 th century Mortality rate dropped

28 TOOLS OF IMPERIALISM Firearms Rifle improved Enfield rifle (interchangeable parts) Breechloader Machine gun

29 WEAPONS OF WORLD WAR I 1 st war with big industrial weapons Devastating Poison gas Tanks Help break stalemate Trench mortars

30

31

32 ECONOMIC

33 2 ND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION No longer just textiles, now steam and iron Use of heavy industry Steel Chemicals Electricity Petroleum

34 Stagnation and recession plague Europe Panic of 1837 Large number of banks failed along with investment in Great Britain 2 decades of depression and continued labor unrest followed

35 New wave of Imperialism sweeps over western Europe It was a race between nations for.. Raw materials Energy New market for goods Advantages over rival countries New technologies Gaining colonies Christianizing the world via Social Darwinism

36 GERMANY EMERGES AS LEADER Surpassed Great Britain as industrial leader in Europe Mainly from use of chemicals

37 RESTRUCTURING THE DOWNTOWNS Subways were built Paris- The Metro London- The Underground Improved water and sewer Streets widened

38 LONGER LIFE SPANS Adults lived longer More children lived past childhood No longer needed to have as many children Greater love for children and the importance of their education

39 SOCIAL

40 EDUCATIONAL REFORMS Pushed ahead by the middle class Prussia first nation to have government supported education system

41 WOMEN'S RIGHTS Property Married Women's Property Act Family Law Obedience to husband Education

42 WOMEN S RIGHTS 2 nd industrial revolution changed women in 2 ways.. 1. More jobs available for them Typist Retailers Teachers

43 WOMEN S RIGHTS Opposite thoughts emerged as well Married women withdrew from work giving men higher wages Cult of Domesticity Direct household and educate children

44 GREAT BRITAIN WOMEN S MOVEMENT Women were reluctant to join feminist groups Great Britain had the most advanced women s movement Led by Millicent Fawcett and Emmeline Pankhurst

45 FEMINISTS French Feminists Loosely organized Non-violent German Feminists Banned to engage in such activities Weimar Republic loosened grip on feminists

46 JEWISH EMANCIPATION Began in the late 18 th Century Austria: granted Jews same recognition as Christians France: National Assembly recognized Jews as citizens British: Jews gained right to sit in Parliament

47 JEWISH PREJUDICE Lessened in Western Europe leading many Jews to migrate there This caused tension between the two groups Beginning the era of anti-semitism

48 ARISE OF SOCIAL DARWINISM The most fit for survival were the civilized countries This provided a moral and scientific reason for colonization of less civilized countries