High-Skilled Human Resources Needed in Emerging ASEAN Community

Transcription

1 High-Skilled Human Resources Needed in Emerging ASEAN Community December 13, 2014 Naoki Umemiya, Ph.D. JICA Expert/Visiting Associate Professor Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology 1

2 OUTLINE I. Issues faced by higher education sector in emerging ASEAN Community II. III. JICA s strategy and profile in higher education Cases 1. AUN/SEED-Net Project 2. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology IV. Conclusion 2

3 Issues Faced by Higher Education Sector in Emerging ASEAN Community Issue 1 Advancement of industry in the region The integration of the regional economy and the technology level in Southeast Asia have been progressively advanced in the past ten years, and is likely to grow further. Each government acknowledges importance of human resource development to support high-value-added industry for advancement of the economy, prioritizing improvement of higher education as one of the critical policies. Issue 2 Importance to address global issues It is becoming increasingly important to address global issues such as air and environmental pollution and climate change. Since ASEAN is rich in natural materials and resources for renewable energy, the needs for studies on the practical use of these materials will further increase. Issue 3 Importance to enhance R&D in science and technology The main portion of global R&D in science and technology is conducted by the U.S.A. and Europe. These countries attract many international students and researchers, including many from Asia. 3

4 Issue 1: Advancement of Industry in the Region The integration of the regional economy and the technology level in Southeast Asia have been progressively advanced over the past ten years, and is likely to grow further. With expansion and diversification of the ASEAN market, the region has evolved from being a base for manufacturing into a base for the development of local products. While most of the Japanese companies conduct basic /applied research in Japan, more companies conduct design and production development locally in emerging countries to meet the local needs. Each government acknowledges importance of human resource development to support high-valueadded industry for advancement of the economy, prioritizing improvement of higher education as one of the critical policies. % Trend of Intra-Regional Trade in ASEAN R&D Base of Japanese Manufacturing Corporations (%) (N=571) (N=567) (N=570) (Year) Source: Direction of Trade Statistics, IMF, (N=578) Source: JBIC (2010) Survey on overseas activities of Japanese manufacturing companies * Multiple answers allowed 4

5 Issue 2:Importance to Address Global Issues in the region It has become increasingly important to address common global issues in the region such as air/environmental pollution, climate change, flood, disaster mitigation and energy due to rapid increase of population/urbanization and based on various multilateral agreements on those issues. Since ASEAN is rich in natural materials and resources for renewable energy, the needs for studies on the practical use of these materials will further increase. Major Common Issues across ASEAN Area Country and Region Common Issue Disaster Mitigation Environment Logistics, Traffic/Trans portation Planning Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia The Mekong Basin (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam) The Mekong Basin (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam) Vietnam, Indonesia Laos, Vietnam Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam Vietnam, Indonesia The Mekong Basin (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam) Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam Frequent forest fire Insufficient prevention against flood Frequent flood Scarcity of water in dry season Serious water contamination Low achievement in reducing CO2 emission Deforestation Industrial waste disposal Insufficient adoption of alternative energy Time-consuming logistics Traffic problem due to rapid urbanization Source: Basic Information Survey for ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network Project, 2011 Commitment for Global Issues in ASEAN Major Multilateral Environmental Agreements Ratio of Ratified/Acceded by ASEAN Vienna Convention 100% Montreal Protocol 100% UNFCCC 100% Kyoto Protocol 100% Convention of Biological Diversity 100% Stockholm Convention 80% Basel Convention 80% Ramsar Convention 70% Source: Fourth ASEAN State of the Environment Report,

6 Issue 3: Importance to Enhance R&D in Science and Technology (1) R&D activities in science and technology in ASEAN are still limited compared to other regions such as USA and Europe. Many Asian human resources move to outside the region. Intra-regional research cooperation in ASEAN is limited. Major Destinations of Mobile Students from East Asia and the Pacific (2008) Country/Region of Destination Number of Students from East Asia and the Pacific Ratio(%) U.S.A. 267, West Europe 178, Australia, New Zealand 156, Japan 111, East Asia and the Pacific Source:Global Education Digest, UNESCO , Publication on Science & Technology by Major Countries/Regions (2008) Country/Region Number of Publication EU 434,375 U.S.A. 272,879 ASEAN countries excluding Brunei and Singapore 9,159 Japan 74,618 Source:UNESCO Science Report 2010 Top 3 Countries for International Co-Authorship with ASEAN Countries ( ) Country Ratio of Int l Co- Authorship (%) Malaysia 48.4 China (18.0) U.K. (12.8) India (12.6) Thailand 56.6 U.S.A. (34.6) Japan (22.7) U.K. (12.1) Indonesia 88.8 Japan (28.1) U.S.A. (22.1) Australia (22.1) Philippines 71.9 U.S.A. (32.6) Japan (25.0) China (7.2) Vietnam 62.1 Japan (19.1) U.S.A. (15.3) France (14.6) Cambodia 93.9 U.S.A. (26.9) France (19.9) Japan (15.1) Source:UNESCO Science Report

7 Issue 3: Importance to Enhance R&D in Science and Technology (2) Higher education sector has been growing at a rapid pace in recent years in every country in ASEAN. High-skilled human resources and researchers still lack and many higher education institutions face quality problems in terms of academic/administrative staff, facility, network with international/regional academic communities, etc. Gross Enrolment Rate of Higher Education in ASEAN (%) Number of Researchers per Million Inhabitants (2007) 60 6,000 5, Brunei 5,000 4, Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia 4,000 3,000 2,000 3, Myanmar Philippines Thailand Viet Nam 1,000 0 EU U.S.A. Average of Malaysia, Source:UNESCO Science Report 2010 Philippines, Thailand 255 Japan (Source) Data Center of UNESCO Institute of Statistics. 7

8 OUTLINE I. Issues faced by higher education sector in emerging ASEAN Community II. III. JICA s strategy and profile in higher education Cases 1. AUN/SEED-Net Project 2. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology IV. Conclusion 8

9 Objectives & Strategy of JICA s Support for Higher Education in science and technology Needs of Partner Countries Surging needs of industry for high skilled human resources Need for research for innovation Increased importance to address global issues Advantage of Japan Its own experience of successfully developing engineering HR and using this as a foundation for technological advancement in industry Objectives To develop high-skilled human resources in science and technology To promote science and technology JICA s Strategy To strengthen leading institutions To develop regional academic network Including Japan To support study abroad program To Japan 9

10 JICA s Strategies in Higher Education Sector 1. To strengthen leading institutions Strengthen leading institution of each country Improve higher education sector as a whole (Spill-over effect) Develop high-skilled human resources for industry 2. To develop regional academic network Including Japan Strengthen cooperation between partner countries and Japan in science and technology Develop academic network between leading universities in partner countries and Japan 3. To support study abroad programs to Japan Promote brain circulation between partner countries and Japan Establish foundation of lasting academic network between universities of partner countries and Japan 10

11 JICA s Profile in Higher Education in Science and Technology India Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT-H): Loan & TA Afghanistan Promotion and Enhancement of Afghan Capacity for Effective Development (scholarship): TA Mongolia National University of Mongolia & Mongolia University of Science & Technology: Loan Scholarship for governmental officials (JDS): Grant Laos Scholarship for governmental officials (JDS): Grant Faculty of Management and Administration in Savannakhet Univ: TA Cambodia Institute of Technology of Cambodia: Grant & TA Scholarship for governmental officials (JDS): Grant Egypt Establishment of Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST): TA Kenya Pan Africa University Science, Technology & Innovation Jomo Kenyatta Univ. of Agr. & Tech: TA Vietnam Hanoi University of Technology and Science (IT field): loan &TA Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (heavy-chemical sector): TA Scholarship for governmental officials (JDS): Grant Myanmar Yangon Technological University & Mandalay Technological University: Grant &TA Scholarship for governmental officials (JDS): Grant 1 1 Rwanda Tumba Technical College: TA Africa [54 countries] African Business Education (ABE) Initiative for Youth: Master s Program & Internship Program: TA Southeast Asia Region AUN/SEED-Net (ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Network) Phase-3: TA (26 ASEAN univ. & 14 Japanese univ.) Timor Leste Capacity Development of the Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, the National University of Timor-Lorosa e: TA & Grant *JDS (Japanese Grant Aid for Human Resource Development Scholarship) is provided to Other countries such as Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Ghana. Malaysia Scholarship for twinning programs (HELP III): loan Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT): Loan & TA Philippines Senior High School Modeling in Selected Tech & Vocational High School: TA Scholarship for governmental officials (JDS): Grant Indonesia Institute of Technology Bandung: Loan Indonesia University (health): Loan Hasanuddin University: Loan & TA Scholarship for government officials (PHRDP III~V): Loan Institute of Technology Surabaya : TA Indonesia Accreditation Board on Engineering Education (IABEE): TA As of November 2014

12 OUTLINE I. Issues faced by higher education sector in emerging ASEAN Community II. III. JICA s strategy and profile in higher education Cases 1. AUN/SEED-Net Project 2. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology IV. Conclusion 12

13 Project Outline The project has been implemented since 2001 aiming at developing engineering human resources required for social and economic development of ASEAN through educational and research capacity enhancement of Member Institutions in ASEAN, and strengthening a network among Member Institutions and Japanese Supporting Universities. Currently Phase III of the project (March 2013-March2018 ) is being implemented. Achievements CASE 1: AUN/SEED-Net Project (ASEAN University Network/ Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network) 1. Improvement of Quality of Academic Staff About 900 academic staff at Member Institutions have obtained opportunities to study for master s degree and/or Ph.D. at leading universities in Southeast Asia or Japan. 2. Improvement of Quality of Research Research capacity of academic staff at Member Institutions has been strengthened by collaborative research with Japanese universities and implementation of academic conferences. More than 700 collaborative research projects have been undertaken and more than 1000 academic papers have been published. 3. Establishment of Network A human resources network has been developed by the project, and participated by 400 ASEAN and 200 Japanese academic staff. An international academic journal has been published since University of Yangon Yangon Technological University Chulalongkorn University King Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Burapha University Kasetsart University King Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Thammasat University Institute of Technology of Cambodia Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Malaya Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Leading Engineering Institutions in each ASEAN country 10 ASEAN countries: 26 Member Institutions National University of Singapore Nanyang Technological University Japan: 14 Supporting Universities National University of Laos Hokkaido University Keio University Kyoto University Kyushu University Nagoya University National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies Osaka University Shibaura Institute of Technology Tohoku University Tokai University Tokyo Institute of Technology Toyohashi University of Technology University of Tokyo Waseda University Hanoi University of Technology Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology University of the Philippines - Diliman De La Salle University Mindanao State University-Illigan Institute of Technology Universiti Brunei Darussalam Institut Teknologi Brunei Institut Teknologi Bandung Gadjah Mada University Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Universitas Indonesia 1 3

14 Framework of SEED-Net Master s/doctoral Programs + Collaborative Research + Networking Advanced ASEAN Countries* Host U. Master s/doctoral programs in ASEAN Japanese U. Co-supervision Collaborative Research 留学生の研究参加 Inter-University Network Networking Sending staff Sending staff Sending U. mainly in CLMV** Field-wise Regional Conference Japanese staff dispatch Short-term visits to Japan Short-term visits in ASEAN * Advanced ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore & Thailand 14 ** CLMV: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar & Vietnam

15 Number of Supported Scholars(Mar 2003~Feb 2012) Total 796 scholarships (Master: 496 PhD: 300) Master sending PhD sending Master hosting PhD hosting Japan Singapore Malaysia Thailand Philippines Indonesia Vietnam Laos Cambodia Myanmar Senior ASEAN Junior ASEAN 15

16 CASE 2: Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Objective Established in September, 2011, under University Teknologi Malaysia, as a joint-venture of Malaysian and Japanese governments, to cultivate human resources with high level of technological and research capability as well as good working culture, by establishment of UG and PG programmes with Japanese style engineering education Area/Field Undergraduate Master Graduate PhD Electronic Systems Engineering ESE Mechanical Precision Engineering Environmental &Green Technology Management of Technology MPE Chemical Process Engineering (Sep 2013) Mixed mode By research By research Study at Japanese University for 3-12 months (Joint Supervision) Number of students Undergraduate: 514 (including 9 international students), Graduate: 320 (including 59 international students) Number of academic staff 79 (including 21 Japanese staff) *as of October, 204

17 Vision 2020 and Look East Policy of Malaysia Malaysia s vision 2020 aiming at fully developed country by 2020 Needs for restructuring current export-oriented economy relying on manufacturing industry to value-added industry with R&D Industry needs high skilled human resources both with technical skills and soft skills Look East Policy to learn from Japanese technology, Japanese values and work ethics 17

18 MJIIT Education: Innovative Japanese-style Education Public/industry lecture series - constant update on technology Research-based education. Inculcating positive Japanese working culture and ethics thru lab-based education Curriculum -Basic Japanese language & soft skill development for UG Strong industry linkage. Incorporation of Industry-based research and design projects Japanese values Students attachment/mobility in Japan jointsupervision & exchange program Industrial training at Japanese campanies in Malaysia or Japan Joint degree / Double degree programs Education that comply with Malaysian Qualifications Agency and Engineering Accreditation Council requirements

19 MJIIT s Collaboration with Japan Japanese University Consortium - Consortium of 25 universities - Dispatch of Japanese academic staff (21 as of October 2014) - Receiving students from MJIIT - Collaborative research, etc. JICA Yen Loan Equipment Consulting Service Period December, 2011 June, 2018 Budget Total 750 mil RM (350 mil RM by Malaysian government for building, salary of staff, fellowship for study abroad, etc. and 6700 mil JPY by Yen Loan ) Japanese Government - Japan ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF) to provide 25 scholarships for master students from ASEAN to study at MJIIT - JASSO fellowships and JST Sakura Exchange Program to support for MJIIT students to go to Japanese universities for short-term attachment - JSPS Re-inventing Japan Program to support student exchange, etc. Industry - Donation by Japanese Chamber of Trade and Industry, Malaysia - Industry representatives participation in Advisory Panel - Acceptance of students as interns Technical Cooperation Period July, 2013 July, 2018 Budget 325 mil JPY Inputs JICA Experts, Training of MJIIT staff

20 Conclusion High-skilled human resources in science and technology with global perspective and soft skills are needed in an emerging ASEAN Community, who can contribute to development of valueadded-industry and to research activities on global issues commonly faced by the region. Regional and international cooperation in higher education is more important than ever, to develop such high-skilled human resources, and to promote people-to-people connectivity. AIMS and other programs that promote regional/international cooperation in higher education can take an important role in this context. 20

21 Thank you very much for your attention. 21