Practice 1: Font formatting

Transcription

1 Practice 1: Font formatting Information technology (IT), Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information, securely. Recently it has become popular to broaden the term to explicitly include the field of electronic communication so that people tend to use the abbreviation ICT (Information and Communications Technologies). It is common for this to be referred to as IT & T in the Australasia region, standing for INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS. Today, the term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more recognizable than ever before. The information technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include d a t a m a n a g e m e n t, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems. Information and Communications Technologies have changed the organization and Management of production process. Nowadays ICT is profusely used in industry: DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Automatic control of Nuclear power plants (E n = m c 2 ).

2 Practice 2: paragraph formatting Spain has to import 65 per cent of its primary energy needs. Despite energy substitution programmes in the 1980s, oil still accounts for around 53 per cent of consumption. The major difference between Spain s energy structure and the European Union s is that Spain consumes a relatively small amount of natural gas. Only 7.5 per cent of energy consumed for non-industrial purposes is natural gas, compared with an average of 37 per cent for the European Union. The key element of the National Energy Plan is to increase natural gas s share from 5.6 per cent to 12 per cent (still below the EU average of 18 per cent). A large portion of the gas will come from a new pipeline linking Spain to the Algerian gas fields via Morocco. Spain s electrical utilities map has been substantially redrawn. Mergers in the early 1990s in what was a f r a g m e n t e d sector have left over 90 per cent of output and marketing in the hands of three groups: Endesa including its associated companies Fecsa and Sevillana Iberdrola and Unión Fenosa. Endesa is majority state-owned, and the privately-owned is the largest domestic electricity company and the third biggest in Europe. Endesa sells its power directly to the private utilities, but it also has a strong distribution presence at the retail level. Unión Fenosa controls the important Madrid market as well as the Galician market. Under a new law aimed at a further reorganisation, the government announced in June 1994 that five partly-built nuclear power stations would be written off. Construction was frozen 10 years ago, after a groundswell of protests. The law adjusts Spain s electricity industry to the European Commission s competitiveness guidelines, separating utilities, which both generate and market electricity, into production and distribution units.

3 Practice 3: paragraph formatting. Ancient Greece contact with neighbour civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia was significant for the development of Science. Ancient Greece mathematics contributed many important developments to the field of mathematics, including the basic rules of geometry. The discoveries of several Greek mathematicians, including Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes, are still used in mathematical teaching today. The Greeks developed astronomy. Eratosthenes, using the angles of shadows created at widelyseparated regions, estimated the circumference of the Earth with great accuracy. The ancient Greeks also made important discoveries in the medical field. Hippocrates was a physician of the Classical period, and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the "father of medicine". Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor and astronomer. King Hieron II commissioned Archimedes to design a huge ship, the Syracusia, which is said to have been the largest ship built in classical antiquity. Since a ship of this size would leak a considerable amount of water through the hull, the Archimedes screw was developed in order to remove the bilge water. Archimedes' machine was a device with a revolving screw-shaped blade inside a cylinder. The Archimedes screw is still in use today for pumping liquids and solids such as coal and grain. In technology, medicine and mathematics, ancient Egypt achieved a relatively high standard of productivity. The architecture of ancient Egypt includes some of the most famous structures in the world: the Great Pyramids of Giza and the temples at Thebes. Building projects were organized and funded by the state for religious purposes, but also to reinforce the power of the pharaoh. The ancient Egyptians were skilled builders; using simple but effective tools and sighting instruments, architects could build large stone structures with accuracy and precision.

4 Practice 4. Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the ITALIAN PENINSULA as early as the 10 th century BC. It became one of the largest empires in the ancient world. Ancient Rome boasted impressive technological achievements, using many advancements that would be lost in the Middle Ages and not be used again until the 19 th and 20 th centuries. Many practical Roman innovations were adopted from earlier Greek designs. Roman engineering as well as Roman military engineering constituted a large portion of Rome's technological superiority and legacy, and contributed to the construction of hundreds of roads, bridges, aqueducts, baths, theatres and arenas. Many monuments, such as the Colosseum and Pantheon, still remain as testaments to Roman engineering and culture. In the 1st century BC, Romans started to use concrete widely. Concrete was invented in the late 3 rd century BC. Concrete made possible the durable Roman roads, many of which were still in use a thousand years after the fall of Rome. They were originally constructed to allow Roman legions to be rapidly deployed. But these highways also had enormous economic significance, solidifying Rome's role as a trading crossroads (the origin of the saying "all roads lead to Rome"). The Romans constructed numerous aqueducts to supply water to cities and industrial sites and to assist in their agriculture. The Romans also made major advancements in sanitation. Romans were particularly famous for their public baths, called thermae, which were used for both hygienic and social purposes. Many Roman houses came to have flush toilets and indoor plumbing, and a complex sewer system

5 Practice 5: learning how to use bullets and numbering. You are going to create the following outline numbered. Follow the steps: First of all, Type several words in different lines or paragraphs. Then you have to highlight all the words you want to convert into the outline. In order to do it, right-click on the words highlighted and select bullets and numbering. Choose the right layout according to the sample. Finally, to fit each line as shown, use the buttons increase/decrease indent. 1 Parts of a computer (built-in devices): a) Storage: Hard disk drive. Floppy disk drive. CD/DVD Recorder. b) Motherboard. PCI/AGP expansion slots. Expansions cards. Chipset. CPU. RAM. Buses. Cache memory. c) Power supply. 2 Peripherals: a) Input: Mouse. Keyboard. Scanner. Microphone. Joystick or game pad. Barcode reader. Digital camera. b) Output: Monitor. Printer. Speakers. c) Input and output: Modem. Router. Touch screen. Flash memory. Removable hard disk drive.

6 Practice 6: Tables. Primary energy consumption (%) Spain European Union World Oil Coal Natural gas Nuclear Hydraulic and wind 5 5 Raw material to be processed into fruity soft drinks RAW MATERIAL Peach (as fruit) Orange (as fruit) Orange (as concentrate) Pineapple (as concentrate) Tomato (as fruit) Apple (as both fruit and concentrate) Pear (as fruit) ORIGIN Murcia, Lérida Castellón, Valencia, Murcia South Africa, Brazil South Africa, Taiwan Toledo Lérida Lérida