Inter-cantonal institutions as promoters of electricity and energy policy diffusion in Switzerland

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1 Inter-cantonal institutions as promoters of electricity and energy policy diffusion in Switzerland Felix Strebel Institute for Political Science University of Zürich TRANSPOSE Midterm Conference - November 5, 2009

2 Project Energy Policy Fundamentals Research Programme Funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) October 2008 to March 2011 Quantitative part: which institutions encourage communication and favor the diffusion of energy policy measures? Qualitative part: why and how are policies adopted? Generally: policy measures that rationalize the use of energy and foster the use of renewable energy in the building sector 2 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

3 Project Energy Policy Fundamentals Research Programme Funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) October 2008 to March 2011 Quantitative part: which institutions encourage communication and favor the diffusion of energy policy measures? Focus on inter-cantonal institutions Qualitative part: why and how are policies adopted? Generally: policy measures that rationalize the use of energy and foster the use of renewable energy in the building sector 3 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

4 Swiss Federalism Twofold responsibility of subunits in Swiss Federalism o Input o Implementation 4 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

5 Swiss Federalism Twofold responsibility of subunits in Swiss Federalism o Input o Implementation Implementation by delegation Federation Canton Community Varying responsibilities 5 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

6 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1990 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

7 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1991 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

8 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1993 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

9 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1994 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

10 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1995 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

11 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1996 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

12 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 1998 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

13 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 2001 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

14 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 2002 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

15 Pattern in Switzerland Insulation 2004 FSO, ThemaKart - Neuchâtel Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

16 Energy policy in Switzerland Federation/canton: security of supply Federation: Cantons: research, atomic energy rational use of energy & renewable energy in the building sector 16 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

17 Energy policy in Switzerland Federation/canton: security of supply Federation: Cantons: research, atomic energy rational use of energy & renewable energy in the building sector Cantonal efforts especially since 1990 Model Regulations (MuKEn) 2000 to harmonize cantonal legislations 17 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

18 Diffusion in Switzerland Vertical coordination was more under study than horizontal coordination. 18 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

19 Diffusion in Switzerland Vertical coordination was more under study than horizontal coordination. Diffusion of energy policy in Switzerland Do inter-cantonal institutions influence the innovation in the field of energy policy? Is there different influence on measures with different characters? 19 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

20 Diffusion in Switzerland Vertical coordination was more under study than horizontal coordination. Diffusion of energy policy in Switzerland Do inter-cantonal institutions influence the innovation in the field of energy policy? Is there different influence on measures with different characters? Assumption that measures of technical nature - that are compatible to the existing values - diffuse over regional institution 20 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

21 Data and Methods Regulation of interest: o Minimum Requirements o Insulation o Electric Energy 21 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

22 Data and Methods Regulation of interest: o Minimum Requirements o Insulation o Electric Energy true innovation compatible measures of technical nature Prove of effectiveness if consequently executed 22 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

23 Data and Methods Regulation of interest: o Minimum Requirements o Insulation o Electric Energy true innovation compatible measures of technical nature Prove of effectiveness if consequently executed cantons Discrete Event History Analysis estimated with logit Two approaches: a common model and separate models 23 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

24 Results common model Inter-cantonal institution of officials drives the process of diffusion Strong left as motivation Supportive Model Regulation set by the Intercantonal Conference of Energy Directors Other diffusion effects were found 24 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

25 Results common model Inter-cantonal institution of officials drives the process of diffusion Strong left as motivation Supportive Model Regulation set by the Intercantonal Conference of Energy Directors Other diffusion effects were found To get a more nuanced picture of diffusion in the field of energy policy the measures have to be estimated separately. 25 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

26 Results separate models Diffusion is only relevant for adoption of measures compatible to the present regulations. 26 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

27 Results separate models Diffusion is only relevant for adoption of measures compatible to the present regulations. Although not throughout significant a strong left in the parliament is supporting adoption. 27 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

28 Results separate models Diffusion is only relevant for adoption of measures compatible to the present regulations. Although not throughout significant a strong left in the parliament is supporting adoption. Model Regulations serve its purpose of standardization of cantonal energy measures. 28 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

29 Results separate models Diffusion is only relevant for adoption of measures compatible to the present regulations. Although not throughout significant a strong left in the parliament is supporting adoption. Model Regulations serve its purpose of standardization of cantonal energy measures. Other possible channels were tested (neighborhood, national, language-region, structure) but no diffusion effects were found. 29 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

30 Outlook Identify if there are other diffusion patterns which support delicate innovations Socialization in a rationalist or constructivist perspective Impact of cantonal links to the electricity industry 30 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich

31 Outlook Identify if there are other diffusion patterns which support delicate innovations Socialization in a rationalist or constructivist perspective Impact of cantonal links to the electricity industry Thank you for your attention! 31 Felix Strebel - University of Zürich