CGC1D Geography of Canada Exam Review

Transcription

1 CGC1D Geography of Canada Exam Review Exam Format Part A: Knowledge & Understanding: Multiple Choice, True and False, Fill in the Blank Part B: Application: Labelling Part C: Thinking & Inquiry: Short Answer Part D: Thinking & Inquiry and Communication: Long Answer 40 marks The FIRST things you should review are your quizzes, tests and assignments. Additional Concepts and Skills to Review Unit 1 Geographer s Toolkit Definition of Geography 3 key questions of Geography 2 main focuses of Geography and examples of each Why did we move from globes to maps? What is a cartographer? BOLTSS We will do this on another quiz next week! Using the cardinal and ordinal points of a compass What is the other way to read a compass? You can use to find bearings. What is the difference between lines of latitude and longitude? What are the important lines of latitude? What are the important lines of longitude? Time zones How many are there in the world? How many in Canada? What are the 4 main types of maps? Provide a description for each? Be able to identify them when you see them? Can you use a compass rose? (Eg. What is the angular bearing for SE? Answer: 135 What is the direction for 270? Answer: West) What is relative location? Given a map, can I describe the relative location of a place? How many points should I provide to have a complete answer? How do I find locations on a map using: relative location, grid maps, and long/lat. coordinates? Can I read a basic topographic map? How do I calculate elevation? Do elevation and direction have any connection? Can I use a map scale to find the distance between 2 locations? When given a time zone map, can I calculate the time in various locations? Unit 2 Physical Geography What are the 4 main layers of the earth? Describe the key elements of each. What are convection currents? What is a subduction zone and how is it formed? Why do earthquakes occur near these zones? Name the 3 basic plate movements or boundaries that cause earthquakes. What is the Ring of Fire? What is a seismologist? What is Pagaea? What are the 4 main geologic eras and what were the major events of each?

2 Who was Alfred Wegener and what theory did he propose? What were his 4 pieces of evidence? Why did he have a difficult time proving his theory? Who put forth the theory of plate tectonics? What does it mean? How do convection currents move plates? Describe the Rock Cycle. Name the 3 types of rock in the Rock Cycle. What are the processes involved in the Rock Cycle? What are the 3 main forces responsible for building land? Can you describe each? What is the one main element responsible for breaking down land? What are its 3 main forces and can you describe each? Name and describe the different types of mountains. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? What is a landform region? What are the landform regions in Canada? Can you place them on a map? Could you provide 2 or 3 characteristics for each? How do mineral deposits form? Why are certain minerals often found together (eg. nickel and copper)? How can glaciers form different landforms? What impact do they have on drainage patterns? How does an escarpment form? How did the deep harbours of the Appalachians form? Why has the Innuition region not been developed as much as the other regions? What is a fiord and how are they formed? What is the difference between climate and weather? What are the factors that impact everyday weather? What are the factors that affect climate? HOW does each affect climate? What is the difference between a maritime climate and a continental climate? What creates fog on the East Coast? How do the prevailing winds affect the movement of air masses? What about the polar jet stream? What are the 3 different types of precipitation and how does each form? If you had to remember only TWO key points to help you understand why precipitation occurs, what would they be? What are Canada s 4 major climate types? Describe 2 or 3 characteristics of each of the 4 climate types. When you are trying to come up with descriptions, think of things like: What is its general pattern of precipitation? What is its general pattern of temperature? What are Canada s 7 climate regions and where are they on a map? Provide a brief description of each region. Can you interpret a climate graph? If given a climate graph, could you tell me what climate type that graph represents? (Remember, when looking at a climate graph, it s important to take into account the RANGE of temperature. It s also important to pay attention to whether the temperatures are negative or positive numbers.) What are the 4 main elements of soil? Provide a description for each. What are Canada s 7 Vegetation regions? Could you provide 2 or 3 characteristics of each? How does weather have an impact on the economy and poverty? Why do we have National Parks in Canada? What are they designed to do? Unit 3 Human Geography Part One!! Can you read/interpret a population pyramid? Could you draw one, if given the data? Need to refresh your memory? Go here: What are the concerns of caring for an aging population? When discussing trends in Canadian demographics, could you discuss the following topics: birthrate, life expectancy, religion, language, education, work and income, marriage and divorce, family life and health Who are our 3 Aboriginal groups and what are the basic characteristics of each? What is the primary reason why Nunavut has the highest cost of living in Canada? What traditional industry makes up the bulk of Nunavut s economy? How much? Which industries are seeing important growth? How is Nunavut s government different from most other governments?

3 What portion of Canada s land does Nunavut take? What does this mean for its population density? Why was the Indian Act of 1876 a turning point for Canada s aboriginal people? Why is Canada considered to be multi-cultural? Roughly how many immigrants are accepted into Canada each year? There are several immigrant populations that have come to Canada over the years. Could you name 3 or 4 and describe when and why they came? Why is Canada a popular destination for immigrants? What are the 3 groups of people who can immigrate to Canada? What are the characteristics of each? What factors does the government consider to be most important when assessing potential immigrants to Canada? Why? What is the difference between rural and urban? Identify and explain the factors that affect rural settlement. What were the 3 main historical settlement types in Canada? Where were they and what were their characteristics? What is the difference between a city and a metropolitan area? What are the 3 main reasons a city is/was settled in a particular area? What are the 6 divisions of land use in our cities? What are the characteristics of each and roughly what percentage does each represent? Part Two! What are the 4 categories of Canada s economic industries? Compare and contrast the labour force involved in each of the 4 categories above. What is the difference between a basic and non-basic industry? Given a list of jobs, could you determine if it was basic or non-basic? What is the difference between goods and services? What are the 7 different types of service in the Service and Communication Industry? Could you place different careers into the proper sector? Define the term Communication. Describe the changes to either phones or the Internet in the last 20 years. How have these changes had BOTH positive and negative impacts on our society? At the moment, what career do you think you might like to have in your future? In what service industry is that job? Why is this job important to our society? Which province is the leading producer of nuclear energy? How is wind energy made? What is another name for solar panels? As much as hydroelectric power can be a good thing, how are hydroelectric dams also damaging? Where does geothermal energy come from? Is fossil fuel a renewable energy source? Why or why not? Name the different types of energy, provide examples, and discuss the pros and cons of each. Which province/territory provides almost zero energy? Which province/territory produces mostly wind energy? Which energy source can be accessed at any time? If you were to build a house tomorrow, which energy source would you choose to power it? Why? If you could choose to stop the production of one energy source, which one would you choose and why? What are the 3 groups of minerals that miners mine? Define fossil fuels, industrial minerals, and metallic minerals. Provide examples of each. What are the 2 types of mining? True or False: Mining is a relatively safe job.what machinery is used to sink shafts? True or False: Surface mining is done by digging tunnels. True or False: Above-surface mining is a type of mining.

4 True or False: Canada s first inhabitants used minerals to produce tools. What are some of the environmental issues caused by mining? As Canadians, why should we be particularly concerned about mining both within and outside of Canada (think of our guest speaker)? Is forestry considered renewable or non-renewable? Name 3 things that our forests provide for us? What are the 3 types of forestry? What are forests that are kept safe called? Fill in the blank: Forestry is the science or practice of planting,, and cultivating forests for profit. What are the only 2 places that have bigger forests than Canada? True or False: Selective cutting is the least expensive type of forestry. True or False: Shelterwood is clearing the whole forest. True or False: Canada has 10% of all the forestry in the world. True or False: Canada has the smallest forest in the world. If you were a forester, what method of forestry would you use? Why? How has forest technology changed over the years? Define the following transportation related words: unit train, piggyback, mobility, canal, commuter List the 5 ways of transporting goods. Why is transportation particularly important in Canada? What are some ways you can reduce pollution in Canada? Fill in the blank: In Shore Fishing Canada DFO Ground Fish Renewable Pelagic Ships Shellfish Off Shore Boats Aquaculture Fish are a resource. Methods of fishing are and. What are the 3 types of fish?,, and is the farming of aquatic organisms. The is the government agency that monitors and controls industrial in. Name one of the environmental threats of fishing. Which of these is not a type of fishing: offshore, recreational, subsistence, commercial. What year did the cod fishery collapse? Are fish a renewable resource or a non-renewable resource? Explain your answer. After the cod fishery collapsed, what was the next type of fish to suffer from over-harvesting? What method of fishing is better for the environment (inshore or offshore)? Explain your response. What was the turbot war and why did it happen? What are the 6 main factors influencing industry location? True or False: You should locate your industry as far from your raw materials as possible. True or False: Shipping via container ship is uncommon because it is very expensive. True or False: Locating your industry as close to your consumers as possible makes your industry more successful. True or False: Cities often pay/give deals to industries to bring money into their city. You start an industry that sells furniture made of real wood. The lumberyard from which you will acquire your materials is in a very rural area on the opposite side of the city from your consumers. Where would locate your business (close to lumberyard? close to consumers? etc.) You are the owner of a saw mill and you have 2 location options. You can locate near a forest where workers would be paid for their manual labour, or you can locate near a river where a water wheel would power your mill. Which would you choose and why?

5 Fill in the blank: deep 5 top practice 8.5% science primary rich knowledge physical land natural Agriculture is the or of farming. According to Agriculture Canada, agribusiness is one of Canada s industries and accounts for about of our gross domestic product. Farming is not just labour; you must also have of natural science. Agriculture is a industry because it takes the new materials from their environment and sells them. The best conditions for a farmer to grow crops are that the is flat and that it has, soil. True or False: Farming isn t that important to Canada now that most work of the work is mechanized. True or False: Farming is a business that requires a great deal of skill and effort. True or False: Land can be both renewable and non-renewable. True or False: Agriculture contributes more than $100 billion to theto the economy. Farming is a risky business due to unpredictable weather and crop price variation. In your opinion, why/how is agriculture important to Canada? Is farming basic, non-basic, or both? Unit 4: Environmental Challenges (NOTE: Some of this is also mixed into the units above, particularly Unit 3.) Define the term ecological footprint. In what unit is it measured? How can you reduce your ecological footprint? Try to think of examples in different sectors (ie. transportation, food, communication, etc., rather than providing multiple examples of the same sector). Could you discuss 2 or 3 environmental challenges Canadians face? Be sure to include who is involved, what the impact is to the environment and what people/organizations can and are doing to address the problem. Unit 5 Canada and the World Define the following terms: globalization, developing nation, developed nation, newly industrialized nation, Human Development Index, CIDA, GDP, literacy, international trade, import(ing), export(ing), balance of trade, trade surplus, trade deficit, free trade, tariff, fair trade, What are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization? How do we measure national levels of development? How and why does Canada get involved on a global scale? Who are Canada s leading trade partners? What are the World Trade Organization (WHO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) What are the 5 categories of global connections with other countries?