An Approach Towards Wireless Telemedicine Application with Reduced PAPR and BER for Epilepsy Classification

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1 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: Reserh rtle n roh Towrds Wreless Telemedne lton wth Redued PPR nd BER for Elesy Clssfton Hrkumr Rjguru 1, Sunl Kumr Prbhkr * 1 Dertment of ECE, Bnnr mmn Insttute of Tehnology, Sthymnglm, Ind. Dertment of ECE, Bnnr mmn Insttute of Tehnology, Ind. *Corresondng uthor s E-ml: sunlrbhkr@gml.om eted on: ; Fnlzed on: BSTRCT To montor the elet tvtes n the brn, Eletroenehlogrhy (EEG) s wdely used. The reordngs of the EEG re too lrge to roess nd hene the dmensonlty of the dt should be redued. In ths er, Lner Dsrmnnt nlyss (LD) s used s dmensonlty reduton tehnque nd then ths dt s sent through the Dfferentl Se Tme Blok Coded (DSTBC) Multle Inut Multle Outut (MIMO) Orthogonl Frequeny Dvson Multleng (OFDM) system. The DSTBC systems re hghly useful to trnsmt the dt n the ontet of wreless ommunton systems beuse these re tul forms of se tme odes tht do not need to dentfy nd know the hnnel mrments t the reever sde n order to deode the sgnl. For DSTBC MIMO OFDM System, n ehustve study s mde bsed on Pek to verge Power Rton (PPR) Reduton nd Bt Error Rte (BER) Reduton. PPR reduton tehnques suh s Clng nd Flterng (CF) nd Tone Reservton (TR) lgorthms re used for ths study. t the reever sde, Nïve Byesn Clssfer s nororted s ost lssfer to lssfy the elesy from EEG sgnls. The Clssfton Performne Mesures re onsdered n terms of Sefty, Senstvty, Tme Dely, Qulty Vlues, Performne Inde nd ury. Keywords: Eletroenehlogrhy, Telemedne, Elesy, LD, DSTBC, MIMO, OFDM, PPR, BER. INTRODUCTION telemedne system usng modern nformton nd ommunton tehnology n order to delver bomedl sgnls suh s EEG, EMG, ECG et. for very long dstne medl serves hs now beome relty 1. If the tretment requred s urgent or f the tretment s for ordnry nd norml helth hekus, t s mortnt to omress these sgnls before we send just for the effent utlty of bndwdth. EEG s wdely used n the ltons strtng from the lnl dgnoss to brn reserh. EEG reordngs ly vtl role n the dgnoss nd lssfton of brn relted dsorders lke elesy, stroke, dement et. The EEG dt reordngs re too enormous to roess beuse lrge eletrode rrys re requred to reord the EEG dt 3. Sne the EEG reordngs re rolongng for long tme, the sze of the dt s too huge to roess. s result, the dt should be omressed or the dmensonlty of the dt should be redued wthout losng the essentl hrtersts of the sgnl 4. The dmensonlty reduton tehnques should m t ttnng mmum dt volume reduton whle t stll reserves the most essentl qultes of the sgnl uon reonstruton. The omresson of the dt n be lossless where the fdelty of the sgnl wveform s hghly reserved or the omresson of the dt n be lossy f the fdelty of the sgnl wveform s not reserved roerly. Or n other words, n lossy omresson, smll mount of dstorton s llowed n the deomressed dt. Due to the rndom nd nherent nture of the EEG sgnl, effent omresson of t s qute dffult tsk. Hgh omresson rtes n only be heved wth lossy omresson methods. Some of the tehnques used n the lterture re KLT trnsforms for the lossless omresson of the ECG sgnls, usge of wvelets nd RX models 5. s long s the reonstruted qulty of the EEG sgnl reserves the ertnent nformton for lnl nvestgton, lossy omresson tehnques re etble. Reent lterture shows the roh of SPIHT lgorthm n the omresson nd dmensonlty reduton of dt. Ths er uses LD s dmensonlty reduton tehnque n order to redue the dmensons of the EEG dt nd then t s trnsmtted through the DSTBC MIMO-OFDM System. The fgure 1 shows the blok dgrm of the entre reserh work. Fgure 1: Blok Dgrm of the Work quston of EEG dt ordng to the Interntonl 10-0 system, the EEG s reorded by lng eletrodes on the sl of the tent. For both referentl montges, steen hnnels of EEG re reorded smultneously. ll the eletrodes Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 330

2 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: re referened nd led to ommon otentl ont lke er nd n the se of bolr montges, eh eletrode s referened to n djent eletrode. When the tent s wke nd restng, the reordngs re mde. The restng stge nludes erods of hyerventlton, hoton stmulton nd nludes erod of eyes oen nd losed. Usng the EEG mhne Semens Mnogrh Unversl the mlfton s esly rovded. The sl s lened well nd lghtly brded nd then between the eletrode nd the skn, eletrode ste s led nd then the eletrodes re led on t. The ontt medne s less thn 10 k wth reset to the lton of eletrode ste on the skn. The obtned EEG s broken down nto eohs or setons for the urose of dmensonlty reduton. n eoh of seonds s rmrly used beuse t s retty long enough to ture the most mortnt sttstl fetures nd hrtersts of the EEG nd t s short enough to ture the sezure evoluton. The EEG beng dgtzed t totl smlng rte of bout 00 Hz for n eoh of seonds eh whh ontns 400 smles totlly, s very onvenent length for omutton uroses. For nlyzng the EEG dt, the softwre mlemented ws Mtlb 7.0. The EEG dt used n ths study were obtned from 0 dfferent elet tents who were n the evluton nd tretment roess n the Dertment of Neurology, Sr Rmkrshn Hostl, Combtore, Ind. Through 10-0 nterntonl eletrode lng method, dgtl reord of 16 hnnel EEG dt n bolr method s qured from lnl EEG montorng system n Euroen Dt formt. Wth the hel of neurologst, EEG reords wth most dstnt fetures hd been seleted. The totl number of rtfts resent n our dt s four tyes whh nlude Eletromyogrm (EMG) rtfts, eye blnks, hewng nd moton rtfts. The mn objetve of the nluson of rtfts s to hve ske nd non ske tegores of wveforms. sutble rt or segment of EEG dt hs to be seleted n order to trn nd test the sgnl omonent etrtors nd lssfer. ll the sgnls of EEG re emned by good qulfed EEG tehnologst. The EEG reords re over ontnuous durton of bout 30 seonds nd these reords re dvded nto n eoh whh hs two seond durton. To detet the sgnfnt hnges n tvty, two seond eoh s long enough. The two seond eoh s lso long enough to vod unneessry reetton nd redundny n the sgnl. The EEG sgnl hs mmum frequeny of 50 Hz nd sne smlng frequeny hs to be greter thn twe the mmum frequeny nd so eh eoh s smled t frequeny of 00 Hz. Eh nd every smle orresonds to the mltude vlues of the sgnl whh re nstntneous n nture nd totlly 400 vlues for n eoh s obtned. Therefore eh hnnel hs 400 smles of EEG sgnls er eoh nd four suh dt eohs omrses bn. For tent, there re totlly 16 bns vlble. Therefore the dt volume for eh nd every tent s round 5,600 smles. Hene for roessng ths lrge mount of dt, dmensonlty reduton tehnques re nororted. The dfferent rmeters used for the quntfton of the EEG sgnls re omuted usng mltude vlues wth the hel of sutble rogrmmng odes. The reresentton of EEG smles n redued smle se s done ether by fetures or dmensonlly redued omonents. So we hve hosen the dmensonlty reduton tehnques whh s dsussed n the followng setons of the er. Dmensonlty Reduton Lner Dsrmnnt nlyss (LD) 6 s just generlzton of Fsher s lner dsrmnnt. It s wdely used n methods emloyed for sttsts, ttern reognton nd mhne lernng to fnd out the lner ombnton of feture dmensons tht slts two or more lsses of events. Suh resultng ombnton my be used for both lssfton uroses nd dmensonlty reduton roesses. It s qute losely relted to Regresson nlyss nd nlyss of Vrne (NOV). ll these tehnques try to eress deendnt vrble s lner ombnton of vrous other feture mesurements. The mn objetve of LD s to erform dmensonlty reduton whle t stll reserves s muh of the lss dsrmntory nformton. ssumng tht there re set of D dmensonl smles, 1,..., N, n whh N1 belongs to lss w 1 nd N belongs to lss w. slr ' y' s obtned by rojetng the smles onto rtulr vlue s y w Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. T ; The one lne whh mmzes the slrs serblty s seleted out of ll the ossble lnes. In order to fnd good rojeton vetor, defnte need for the mesurement of serton n between the rojeton s requred. For eh lss, the stter s defned s follows whh s n equvlent of the vrne s follows ˆ ( y S w y ˆ ) Thus the soluton roosed by Fsher s to lwys mmze funton tht reresents the dfferene between the mens nd normlzed by mesure of the wthn lss stter. MIMO-OFDM System Wreless hnnels suffer gretly from tme-vryng mrments lke nose, nterferene nd multth fdng 7. Tehnques suh s dversty (tme, se, frequeny, olrzton) n be used to mtgte those mrments. By reevng mny ndeendent oes of the fdng rels of the sgnl, dversty gn n be esly heved. The multle ntenn system emloys multle ntenns ether t the trnsmtter sde or reeve sde nd n tke mny forms. For bemformng ltons, Multle Inut Sngle Outut (MISO) s used, for dversty ombnng t the reever, Sngle Inut 331

3 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: Multle Outut (SIMO) s used nd deendng on the totl number of trnsmt nd reeve ntenns, MIMO s used 8. By utlzng the ngle-dely stterng funton, the hnnel models of MISO, SIMO nd MIMO n be done. MIMO system omrses of numerous or multle ntenns t both the trnsmtter nd reever sde nd s rmrly used for stl multleng nd trnsmt dversty ltons. The system ty n be esly mmzed by stl multleng onet by trnsmttng dfferent bt strem t eh trnsmt ntenn. MIMO tehnology ssures sgnfnt mrovement n the ty of the system. The stl dversty sheme s effetvely utlzed by MIMO system. The MIMO systems re suessfully nororted n vrous wys to obtn dversty gn nd to ombt sgnl fdng. In more sef mnner, the ower effeny s mroved wth the MIMO tehnques by mens of mmzng the stl dversty. MIMO nd OFDM re defntely the key tehnques for netgenerton moble ommunton 9. OFDM s otentl tehnque for the Fourth generton wreless moble systems. frequeny-seletve hnnel s beng onverted nto rllel frequeny flt sub hnnels wth the hel of OFDM 10. lest mount of frequeny serton s requred n between the subrrers whh s defntely mndtory to mntn the orthogonlty so tht the overlng n the frequeny n be voded esly. Therefore, the bndwdth vlble n be used n very resoureful mnner. OFDM trnsmtter n dt ts sgnlng sheme to mth esly wth the hnnel only f the neessry knowledge of the hnnel s vlble t the trnsmtter. OFDM uses vtl lrge mount of nrrowly sed sub hnnels nd these strteges seem to be more dtve nd n ome wthn the reh of wter ourng ty of rtulr frequeny-seletve hnnel. In rel tme hnnel, ths s heved by the usge of dtve bt lodng tehnques where dfferent szed sgnl onstellton tterns re trnsmtted on the subrrer. To mrove the dversty gn, OFDM s unted wth ntenn rrys t both the trnsmtter nd reever sdes. Suh ontrbuton hels to mrove the ometene of the system on tme vryng frequeny seletve hnnels, thus resultng n MIMO omoston. When se tme blok odes re nororted wth OFDM system hvng multle trnsmt nd reeve ntenns, t s lled s Se Tme Blok Coded (STBC) MIMO-OFDM System 11. In STBC MIMO-OFDM System, the odng s mlemented n only tme domn, tht s, the mortne s gven to the OFDM symbols. The Dfferentl STBC re hghly useful n the ontet of wreless ommunton beuse they hve no neessty to understnd nd dentfy the hnnel mrments resent n the reeve sde for the ske of deodng the sgnl 1. For ths DSTBC MIMO OFDM System, n ehustve study s mde bsed on the PPR reduton tehnques lke Clng nd Flterng 13 nd Tone Reservton tehnques 14 under Qudrture Phse Shft Keyng (QPSK) modulton sheme for Rylegh Multth Fdng Chnnel. System Model n ordnry ommunton system norortng setme blok odng tehnque wth just two trnsmt ntenns nd one or more reeve ntenns s onsdered for the nlyss. The nformton bloks of symbols n the trnsmtter sde re ssed to the net unt lled dfferentl se-tme blok enoder, where two symbols re embedded n eh blok. The ode words of length M s generted by the se-tme blok enoder where M sgnfes to the totl number of trnsmt ntenns. The OFDM Modultor nd the rdo frequeny (RF) front-ends obtn these ode words nd then t modultes the useful nformton onto the rrer frequeny. On the onstruted reever sde, u to N reever ntenns n be effently mde use of for reeton robbly. The RF sgnls re omletely downonverted nd dgtzed n the RF front-ends nd then fnlly ssed to the dfferentl se-tme blok deoder unt followed by the OFDM Reed Solomon demodultor unt. The nterretton of the reeved sgnls s done by the se-tme blok deoder nd fter tht the reeved sgnls re obtned nd generted for estmtes s the trnsmtted nformton symbols, whh re gn rovded smultneously n bloks of two symbols. PPR n MIMO-OFDM In eh nd every NT rllel OFDM trnsmtters, rtulr blok of D dstnt omle-vlued rrers, v 1,..., N, v 0,... D 1,, T sy, s trnsformed nto ts resetve tme-domn usng the Inverse Dsrete Fourer Trnsform, tht s, 1 1 D j kv / D, k, v. e, 1,..., NT, k 0,..., D 1. v0 D On the ombnton of the tme-domn smles nto [ ], 1, 0,...,, D the resetve sef vetor IDFT orresondene s wrtten s. Generlly n lmost ll the wreless ltons, ll frequeny-domn smles,v re eeted to be obtned from smlr onstellton onts wth vrne.,k Sne the rrers re sttstlly ndeendent, the tmedomn smles re omle Gussn dstrbuted n n romted sense. Ths leds to very hgh ekto-verge ower rto s Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 33

4 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: PPR m k E, k, k m k, k s verstle erformne mesure, the robblty tht the PPR of n OFDM frme eeeds gven threshold,.e., tht the squred mgntude of t lest one smle over the NT ntenns nd D tme stes s lrger thn, k PR0 tolerted: s rred out n lterture. Wth ths onsderton, the Comlementry Cumultve Dstrbutve Funton (CCDF) of the PPR P { PPR PPR } r 0, lng robbltes n be determned esly. N T D In MIMO-OFDM, sne nsted of D tme-domn smles re resent nd the CCDF of the PPR 15 s reresented mthemtlly s follows PPR0 NT D P r{ PPRMIMO PPR0} 1 (1 e ) PPR Reduton Tehnque usng Clng nd Flterng Sheme n DSTBC OFDM System In ths lng nd flterng tehnque s shown n the Fgure, L s onsdered s the oversmlng ftor nd N s ssumed s the totl number of subrrers. In ths rtulr sheme, the L-tmes oversmled ' dsrete-tme sgnl s fully generted from the ' X [ N.( L 1) IFFT equton ( wth zero-ddng n the frequeny domn) nd s then modulted wth f rtulr rrer frequeny n order to yeld ss [m]. [m] bnd sgnl Let ndte the led [m], verson of whh s eressed mthemtlly s follows. m m otherwse where s understood s the re-sefed lng level. The lng rto (CR) 16 s defned s the lng level normlzed by the RMS vlue of OFDM sgnl nd s eressed s follows CR In wreless ontets t s observed tht N nd N / n the bsebnd nd ss bnd OFDM sgnls wth N subrrers resetvely. Fnlly ths Clng nd Flterng Sheme s nororted n DSTBC MIMO-OFDM System s shown n the Fgure. Fgure : Blok Dgrm for norortng the PPR reduton tehnque usng Clng nd Flterng sheme n DSTBC MIMO OFDM system The followng lgorthm stes re followed omletely n the er. Ste 1: The rogrm s ntlly strted Ste : The serl dt s fully onverted nto rllel dt nd then the srse H mtr for Dfferentl Se Tme Enoder s omuted. Ste 3: The srse mtr H s omletely shfted nd only then the enodng of the nut bts re done. Ste 4: Usng QPSK modulton, the nut bts re modulted Ste 5: The rllel dt obtned s lso omuted dretly usng N ont Inverse Fst Fourer Trnsform (IFFT). Ste 6: Followng ths ste, dgtl u-onverson s mlemented nd then the sgnl s led. Ste 7: Then FFT s led so tht t s onverted nto frequeny domn from tme domn nd then t s ssed nsde the Bnd Pss Flter (BPF). Ste 8: Fnlly the IFFT s omuted to onvert frequeny domn nto tme domn nd then t s ssed nsde the Low Pss Flter Unt (LPF). Ste 1: Then the rllel dt s then onverted nto serl bts, then deoded usng the dfferentl STBC nd error s deteted usng Reed Solomon Codes nd thus the reever wll deode only the dt tones nd t the end, PPR vlue s lulted. Ste 13: The threshold vlue s lulted nd then t s heked tht whether PPR>threshold vlue Ste 14: s fnl ste, the Comlementry Cumultve Dstrbuton Funton (CCDF) lot versus robblty of PPR s omuted nd the lot s drwn Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 333

5 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: Ste 15: The bt error rte s lso omuted for ( ) DSTBC MIMO-OFDM system Ste 16: Sto the rogrm PPR Reduton Tehnque Usng Tone Reservton Sheme n DSTBC OFDM System The followng lgorthm stes re followed omletely n the er. Ste 1: The rogrm s strted wth the nuts fed nsde t. Ste : The serl dt s onverted nto rllel dt nd then the srse H mtr for Dfferentl Se Tme Enoder s lulted. Ste 3: The srse mtr H s gn shfted nd then the nut bts re enoded s done n the Clng nd Flterng stge. Ste 4: Here lso, the nut sgnls re modulted usng QPSK sheme Ste 5: Menwhle, the rllel dt obtned s lso dretly omuted usng N ont Inverse Fst Fourer Trnsform (IFFT). Ste 6: tone reservton tehnque rttons the N subrrers (tones) nto dt tones nd ek reduton tones (PRTs). Ste 7: The symbols n the PRTs re hosen suh tht the OFDM sgnl n the tme domn hs lower PPR. The ostons of PRTs re known to the reever nd trnsmtter. Ste 8: Sne the dt tones nd PRT re elusvely ssgned, the nut vetor to IFFT blok s dvded nto dt vetor X nd PPR reduton vetor C. 14 R { } 1 0,..., R R denote the set of R Ste 9: Let nd PRT ostons nd ts omlement, resetvely, where R denotes the number of tones reserved for ek reduton. Then the nut symbols to IFFT blok n be eressed s follows C[, k R X[ C[ X[, k R X[ C[ where nd PRT symbol, resetvely. denote the dt symbol nd Ste 10: By tkng the IFFT of the symbols gven by the bove equton, we obtn the OFDM symbol to be trnsmtted s follows 1 [ n] [ n] N kr X[ n] e j kn / N 1 N kr C[ n] e jkn / N Ste 11: The PRT sgnl [n] does not use ny [n] dstorton on the dt sgnl due to the orthogonlty mong subrrers. Under the ssumton tht CP (Cyl Pref) s longer thn the hnnel mulse resonse, the reeved OFDM symbol n the frequeny domn n be eressed s follows H[ C[ Z[, k R H[ ( X[ C[ ) Z[ H[ X[ Z[, k R H[ where s the hnnel frequeny resonse nd Z[ s the DFT of the ddtve nose. The reever wll deode only the dt tones for k R. Ste 1: Then the rllel dt s then onverted nto serl bts, then deoded usng the dfferentl STBC nd fnlly demodulted usng Reed Solomon Codes nd thus the reever wll deode only the dt tones nd t the end, PPR vlue s lulted. Ste 13: The threshold vlue s lulted nd then t s heked tht whether PPR>threshold vlue Ste 14: s fnl ste, the Comlementry Cumultve Dstrbuton Funton (CCDF) lot versus robblty of PPR s omuted nd the lot s drwn Ste 15: The bt error rte s lso omuted for ( ) DSTBC MIMO-OFDM system Ste 17: Sto the rogrm Nïve Byesn Clssfer s Post Clssfer t the Reever Sde In the Reever sde of the system, Nïve Byesn Clssfer 17 s nororted to lssfy the elesy from EEG whh re obtned fter the trnsmsson. In the dt reroessng stge of the NBC, ttrbute groung hs to be done. Eh olumn of the mesurements of ths gene eresson s dvded nto number of grous. Then n rndom mnner the number of grous n be esly hosen. The groung s done n the 3 hses s follows: Intlly, the mmum ( mn ) nd mmum vlues ( m ) n eh olumn of the EEG dt set s found out. Seondly, the number of grous n every olumn s deded nd then s lulted. ( m mn ) Thrdly, the vlues of threshold where ( mn n n n ( 1,,,,,, n 1) Now the NBC s develoed s follows ( ) s then lulted s Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 334

6 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: v rg m P( V vv j ) n 1 P( v where v =trget vlue of outut by the Nïve Byesn Clssfer P( v j ) frequeny wth whh eh trget vlue ours n trnng dt =nstne wth n ttrbutes,where ( 1,... n) v j re lsses for nstnes from the set of ll rtles lsses n v n P( v j ) 1 s the jont rodut of robbltes for the ndvdul ttrbutes. RESULTS ND DISCUSSION In ths seton the results of PPR reduton nd BER Reduton for DSTBC MIMO-OFDM System s elned followed by the lssfton results of the Nve Byesn Clssfer t the Reever Sde. Performne nlyss of PPR nd BER for DSTBC MIMO OFDM System usng QPSK Modulton under Rylegh Chnnels The tye of modulton engged here s Qudrture Phse Shft Keyng. In generl ontet, the hnnel eerened by eh nd every trnsmt ntenn s hghly ndeendent from the hnnel eerened by other trnsmt ntenns. Eh trnsmtted symbol lwys gets multled by vryng omle number whh s qute rndom n nture th th from the j trnsmt ntenn to reeve ntenn. Rylegh hnnel s mnly onsdered here nd so the rel nd mgnry rt whh hs rtulr vrne nd men re Gussn dstrbuted. Between eh nd every trnsmtter to the reever ntenn, the hnnel eerened s ndeendent nd vres rndomly wth reset to tme. The mnmum estmte of the trnsmt symbol s hosen. It s then reeted for multle vlues of Eb/No nd then the smulton nd theoretl results re found out. Tble 1 shows the smulted rmeters onsdered for PPR nd BER nlyss. On the reful nlyss of the Fgure 3, t s rent tht when QPSK modulton s engged, the PPR s redued when the lng nd flterng s nresed for ( ) DSTBC MIMO OFDM System. j ) v j Tble 1: Smulton Prmeters for PPR Reduton Modulton used MIMO System nlyzed QPSK MIMO-OFDM Number of subrrers 18 No of sub-bloks 4 Mmum symbols loded 1e5 Symbol rte No of tme slots Wndow funton HP Model Blkmn-Hrs SSP No of frmes 10 No of OFDM symbols/ frme 4 Bndwdth 5 MHz Oversmlng ftor 4 Fgure 3: PPR Reduton of DSTBC MIMO OFDM system usng QPSK Modulton n ( ) Systems usng Clng nd Flterng Tehnque. From the fgure 3, when QPSK s emloyed nd for dfferent Clng Rto (CR) vlues s CR=1,,3 nd 4, the grh s lotted nd t rovded PPR reduton of bout 5.dB when the CCDF=10-3 resetvely. Fgure 4: PPR Reduton of DSTBC MIMO RS OFDM system usng QPSK Modulton n ( ) Systems usng Tone Reservton Tehnque. Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 335

7 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: On the reful nlyss of the Fgure 4, t s rent tht when QPSK modulton s engged, the PPR s slghtly redued for ( ) DSTBC MIMO OFDM System. From the Fgure 4, when QPSK s emloyed nd for dfferent dt olleton vlues, the grh s lotted nd t rovded less PPR reduton of bout.4db when the CCDF=10-3 resetvely. Fgure 5: BER nlyss for the System It s evdent from Fgure 5 tht the BER rodued s reltvely low for Tone Reservton Sheme thn the Clng nd Flterng Sheme for the DSTBC MIMO-OFDM system. NBC Clssfton Performne nlyss For LD s dmensonlty reduton tehnques nd NBC s Post Clssfer, bsed on the Qulty vlues, Tme Dely nd ury the results re omuted n Tbles II resetvely. The formule for the Performne Inde (PI), Senstvty, Sefty nd ury re gven s follows PC MC F PI 100 PC where PC Perfet Clssfton, MC Mssed Clssfton, F Flse lrm The Senstvty, Sefty nd ury mesures re stted by the followng PC Senstvty 100 PC F PC Sefty 100 PC MC Senstvty Sefty ury 100 The Qulty Vlue Q V s defned s Q V C ( R 0.)*( T * P 6* P ) f dly dt msd where C s the slng onstnt, R f s the number of flse lrm er set, T dly s the verge dely of the onset lssfton n seonds P dt s the erentge of erfet lssfton nd P msd s the erentge of erfet rsk level mssed The tme dely s gven s follows PC MC 6 Tme Dely = The Qulty Vlue nlyss for the lton of LD s dmensonlty reduton tehnque followed by the lton of NBC s Post Clssfers s shown n Fgure 6. The Tme Dely mesures for the lton of LD s dmensonlty reduton tehnque followed by the lton of NBC s Post Clssfers s shown n Fgure 7. Smlrly the ury nlyss for the lton of LD s dmensonlty reduton tehnques followed by the lton of NBC s Post Clssfers s shown n Fgure 8. Tble : verge Performne Mesures for ll the Ptents Prmeters Eoh-1 Eoh- Eoh-3 verge Vlues PC MC F PI Senstvty Sefty Tme Dely Qulty Vlue ury Fgure 6: verge Qulty Vlue Mesures Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 336

8 Int. J. Phrm. S. Rev. Res., 39(1), July ugust 016; rtle No. 64, Pges: REFERENCES 1. N Srrn, Qulty-on-demnd omresson of EEG sgnls for telemedne ltons usng neurl network redtors, Interntonl journl of Telemedne nd ltons, J Gbor, M Seyl, utomted ntertl EEG ske Deteton usng rtfl neurl networks, Eletroeneh. Cln. Neurohysol, vol. 83, 199, R. Hrkumr, P. Sunl Kumr, Dmensonlty Reduton Tehnques for Proessng Elet Enehlogrh Sgnls, Bomedl nd Phrmology Journl, Vol.8, No.1, 015, Fgure 7: verge Tme Dely Mesures 4. Sunl Kumr Prbhkr, Hrkumr Rjguru, IC, LGE nd FMI s Dmensonlty Reduton Tehnques followed by GMM s Post Clssfer for the Clssfton of Elesy Rsk Levels from EEG Sgnls, 9th IEEE Euroen Modellng Symosum 015, Otober 6-8, Mdrd, Sn. CONCLUSION Fgure 8: verge ury Mesures Thus the EEG serves s sgnfnt tool for the lnl dgnoss nd montorng of elesy nd other relted brn dsorders. In ths er, ntlly the dmensons of the rw EEG sgnl were redued wth the hel of LD nd t s then trnsmtted through the DSTBC MIMO OFDM system. For the DSTBC MIMO-OFDM System, two PPR reduton lgorthm nmely the Clng nd Flterng nd Tone Reservton Shemes ws emloyed to redue the PPR. The reever sde ws nororted wth Nïve Byesn Clssfer to lssfy from the elesy from EEG sgnls. n overll ury of 90.46% s reorted n ths work wth Perfet Clssfton rte of 80.93%. The verge Qulty Vlue Reorted s round n ths work. If the PPR nlyss s onsdered, then ths work hs PPR reduton of bout 5. db when QPSK modulton sheme s mlemented usng Clng nd Flterng lgorthm for the system nd when Tone Reservton lgorthm s onsderd the PPR s redued by.4 db. The BER shows slghtly better result for the Tone Reservton lgorthm rther thn the Clng nd Flterng lgorthm. Thus for EEG telemedne lton ths work s found to be hghly useful. Future works my nororte the usge of dfferent dmensonlty reduton tehnques, dfferent lssfton tehnques nd other PPR reduton tehnques for the better trnsmsson nd reeton of EEG sgnls. Soure of Suort: Nl, Conflt of Interest: None. 5. N Srrm, C Eswrn, Performne Evluton of neurl network nd lner redtors for ner-lossless omresson of EEG sgnls, IEEE Trnstons on Informton Tehnology n Bomedne, 1(1), Q. Gu, Z. L, J. Hn, Lner Dsrmnnt Dmensonlty Reduton, Mhne Lernng nd Knowledge Dsovery n Dtbses, Volume 6911 of the seres LNCS, Hn S.H nd Lee J.H, n Overvew of Pek-to-verge Power Rto Reduton Tehnques for Multrrer Trnsmsson, IEEE Wreless Comm, rl 005, H Yng, Rod to Future Brodbnd Wreless ess :MIMO- OFDM-Bsed r Interfe, IEEE Comm, Mgzne, Jn. 005, J Jng, Pek to verge Power Rto Reduton for MIMO-OFDM Wreless System Usng Nonlner Preodng, GLOBECOM 004, Nov/De. 004, Jngbo, PPR Reduton n Blnd MIMO OFDM Systems bsed on Indeendent Comonent nlyss, 17th Euroen Sgnl Proessng Conferene (EUSIPCO), Glsgow, Sotlnd, Hyun-Seng Joo, Blnd SLM PPR reduton sheme usng Cyl Shft n STBC MIMO-OFDM System Interntonl Conferene on Informton nd Communton Tehnology Converge (ICTC), Jeju, Nov Hrkumr Rjguru, Sunl Kumr Prbhkr, Clnl Helth Cre for Long Dstne usng Mtr Ftorzton nd Mhlnobs Bsed Srse Reresentton Mesures for Elesy Clssfton from EEG Sgnls, Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh, Vol.38(1), rtle 4, My-June 016, Xodong Zhu, Low-BER Clng Sheme for PPR Reduton n STBC MIMO-OFDM System Wreless Pers. Commun, 65, 01, Krongold B, Jones D, n tve-set roh for OFDM PR Reduton v tone reservton, IEEE Tr. Sgnl Pro., Feb. 004, Ltnov Z, SFBC MIMO-OFDM Pek-to-verge Power Rto Reduton by Polyhse Interlevng nd Inverson, IEEE Comm. Letters, rl 006, Xodong Zhu, Smlfed roh to Otmzed Itertve Clng nd Flterng for PPR Reduton of OFDM Sgnls, IEEE Trnstons on Communtons, Vol.61, No.5, My C. Leng, S. Wng, H. Wng, Lernng Nïve Byes Clssfer wth Inomlete Dt, Interntonl Conferene on rtfl Intellgene nd Comuttonl Intellgene, 009, Interntonl Journl of Phrmeutl Senes Revew nd Reserh Coyrght roteted. Unuthorsed reublton, reroduton, dstrbuton, dssemnton nd oyng of ths doument n whole or n rt s strtly rohbted. 337