EFFECTIVE CURRENT CONTROL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE INVERTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

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1 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. EFFECTIVE CURRENT CONTROL DEIGN AND ANALYI OF INGLE PHAE INVERTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Rmeshkumr Kngvel nd A. kthvel Deprtment of Electrcl nd Electroncs Engneerng, VB College of Engneerng Techncl Cmpus, Combtore, Ind Deprtment of Electrcl nd Electroncs Engneerng, Dr.Mhlngm College of Engneerng nd Technology, Pollch, Ind E-Ml: rmeshvel.k@gml.com, ABTRACT Usng n effectve Pretve Current Control strtegy to sngle phse voltge source nverter nd to nlyss t s performnce for vrous prmeters vrtons s the mn objectve of ths pper. An mproved performnce of the proposed pretve current control method hs been nlyzed wth vrous condtons s crred out such s stedy stte, trnsent stte, non snusodl references, nput frequency vrtons, smplng frequency vrtons, current reference mpltude vrtons nd flter nductnce vrtons, tht offers excellent reference trckng wth less current hrmonc dstorton for ll condtons. The control lgorthm nd nverter model ws developed n Mtlb/mulnk softwre. Keywords: Voltge ource Inverter (VI), current control, Pulse Wdth Modulton (PWM), Model Pretve Control (MPC), Totl Hrmonc Dstortons (THD).. INTRODUCTION Nowdys, the voltge source nverter s common topologes hve been used n wde dversty of pplctons nd gve more ttenton of the reserchers to control nd converson of power. For grd connected nverter, the power qulty mnly depends on performnce of the current controller s n nverter. The development of PWM technques s the most populr control technque for grd-connected nverters. As compred wth the open loop voltge PWM converters, the current-controlled PWM hs severl dvntges such s fst dynmc response nd nherent over-current protecton []. everl control technque tht hs been developed tll now to control the current n nverter. In the Ref [-6] Vrty of vlble current control technques nd ts dvntges nd dsdvntges re dscussed. Nowdys, Pretve current control technque hs been used for control the current of three phse nverter[7], three phse four-leg nverter[], threephse two- level nd three-level neutrl-pont-clmped nverter[9],[], cscded H-Brdge nverter[], sngle phse boost rectfer[],multlevel converter[],mtrx converter[] nd correspondng ther pplcton such s Actve-Front-End Rectfer[8],[9], Dstrbuted Generton ystems[], Actve Flters nd Power Condtonng[, ], Non-Conventonl Renewble Energy[], unnterruptble power supples (UP) [5], drves [], nd power fctor correcton [6]. Ths current control method used n vrous wde power converters nd the control scheme s to pret the future lod current n terms of the mesured ctul lod current nd preted lod voltges. Compred wth the Clssc Lner PI-PWM the MPC offers mny dvntges such s good reference trckng nd mnmum output dstorton [, ].In the ll bove mentoned strteges re only consderng three phse nverter, multlevel nverter, mtrx converter for vrous condtons s descrbed. But the detled nvestgton of sngle phse two level two-leg nverter for vrous condtons s not beng descrbed. In ths pper, we use mproved current controller used to control the current of sngle phse nverter for vrous condton re evluted through smulton results. Ths pper s orgnzed s follows. In ecton II, the mthemtcl model of the converter-lod system s presented, followed by the explnton of the proposed control strtegy n ecton III. In ecton IV, Expermentl results re presented. Fnlly n ecton V pproprte conclusons re drwn.. POWER CONVERTER MODEL Fgure-. Voltge source nverter power crcut. The power crcut of the converter consdered n ths work s shown n Fgure-. It s two leg two level nverter operted by two control sgnls nmed nd b form totl of ( ) swtchng stte, nd the nverter consstng of two controlled swtches n ech leg (, ) nd (, ).The swtchng sttes of converter re determned by the control sgnls nd s follows: b f f on off f on f off nd nd nd nd off on off on b () () 7

2 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. The voltges n ech leg of the two leg nverter, mesured from negtve pont of DC-Lnk N, tht cn be represented s v N v vb N N T b where V nd Vb N re the voltge t the ponts & b wth respect to negtve pont of DC-Lnk N. The voltge ppled to the lod s potentl dfference between ponts & b (or) potentl dfference between VN nd Vb N. Ths cn be wrtten s V = ( v N - v b N ) (or) V = b () v () Tble-. wtchng sttes wth ther correspondng voltge vectors. wtchng stte v N v N v b v Voltge vector v v - v v Then the output voltges cn be relted to the swtchng stte vector by V v T (5) where V s the output voltge (or) voltge vector generted by the swtchng sttes wth =,... Fgure-. Voltge vectors nd current flow drecton n. The swtchng stte wth ther correspondng voltge vectors re shown n Tble-. For dfferent swtchng condton, the Voltge vectors nd current flow drecton n proposed pretve current control re shown n Fgure-. The output voltge of nverter cn be represented n spce vector form tht s shown n Fgure-. The spce vectors re clssfed n to two ctve voltge vector (V, v) nd two zero voltge vector (V, V) so tht sngle-phse two-level nverter consstng of only three dfferent voltge vectors. Fgure-. pce vector dgrm of nverter output voltge. V T b The lod current cn be represented by the followng equton d V ( R f R) L dt Where R f flter lekge nductnce s R s the lod resstnce L s the lod nductnce, V s the voltge generted by the nverter.. MODEL PREDICTIVE CURRENT CONTROL ) Pretve current control technque The proposed current control scheme s shown n Fgure-. It uses the dscrete-tme model of nverter nd lod for pretng the lod current t future smple nstnt for ech of the vlble output voltge vector tht cn be generted by the nverter. The qulty functon or cost functon or error between the reference nd preted vlues s clculted. The swtchng stte tht mnmzes g s selected nd ppled durng the next smplng perod. The model need nput voltge nd ctul lod currents t nstnt of k. By usng the system` nput voltge to generte voltge vectors, whch s gven to the pretve model to pret the nverter future current. The current references re generted ccordng to the pplcton we re usng. In ths system smple (6) (7) 7

3 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. desgnng nd nlyss of the nverter. o tht the references re user defned. By chngng the reference t cn be used for ny pplctons. The cost functon s error between the reference current nd the mesured lod current t the next smplng nstnt cn be expressed s follows * g ( k ) (k ) () * where, ( k ) s the reference current vector nd (k ) s pretve lod current vector. In ths work, the bsolute error s used for computtonl smplcty. Other qulty functons such s error squred could lso to be used, tht cn be expressed s follows g ( * ( k ) (k ))*( * ( k ) (k )) () Fnlly the correspondng swtchng stte s gven to the nverter. b) Proposed lgorthm Fgure-. Confgurton of MPC current control. A dscrete-tme form of the lod current for smplng tme T cn be used to pret the future vlue of lod current by usng mesurement of lod current nd supply voltge t the smplng nstnt k. d Approxmtng the dervtve by dt d ( k) ( k ) dt T ubsttutng equton (8) n equton (7) the followng expresson s v ( R f ( k) ( k ) R) L T Then the lod current t nstnt k s ( R f R) T T ( k) ( k ) v( k) L L (8) (9) () hftng the dscrete-tme one step forwrd n the future lod current cn be determned by ( Rf R) T T ( ) k ( k) v( k ) L L () Where R nd L re the lod resstnce nd nductnce, respectvely T s the smplng tme, (k) s the mesured lod current, nd v(k+) s the nverter preted voltge s the decson vrble to be clculted by the controller. tep : Prmeter ntlzton et supply voltge V =, Lod Resstnce =,Lod nductnce =mh, Intl cost functon g_opt = nf Intl voltge vector = V, nd wtchng tte= Voltge vector = V /*voltge vector V v T wtchng tte /* wtchng tte: ; ; ; */ tep : Current preton for = to n /* n: number of swtchng stte */ Current preton n k+ nstnt Ik = ( (R f+r)*ts/l)*_mes + Ts/L*(v_o); /* usng mesured current nd prevous voltge vector*/ vector v()*/ tep : Clculte the cost functon (G) /* cost functon (G) : g = (bs(rel(_ref k))) */ electon of the optml cost functon nd swtchng stte vlue f (g<g_opt) g_opt = g; /*updte the optml cost functon*/ x_opt = ; /*updte the optml swtchng stte*/ End End Updte the optml voltge vector n the equton--- = (x_opt, ); b = (x_opt, ); end the optml swtchng sgnl to the nverter. end the optml swtchng sgnl to the nverter. */. IMULATION REULT The Control of sngle phse voltge source nverter hs been desgned nd developed n the lbortory to vldte the performnce of nverter. To vldte the proposed current control strtegy, for the sngle phse 7

4 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. nverter s evluted by smulton by usng Mt lb/mulnk softwre nd smulton s done usng Intel core -5M Processor.GHz computer system. To nlyze nd to mprove the performnce of the proposed pretve control method the vrous cses re consdered, such s of stedy stte, trnsent stte, supply frequency vrtons, smplng frequency vrton, Reference Ampltude vrtons nd flter nductnce vrton re crred out. pecfcton prmeters of sngle phse voltge source nverter Vrble- descrpton V - DC supply voltge L f -Flter nductnce R f - Flter lekge resstnce R L - Lod resstnce Vlue V mh.5 Ω Ω T - mplng Tme 5µs f- Rted Frequency 5Hz Fgure-6. multon result of pretve control for Trnsent operton. c) Anlyss wth non snusodl reference In ths Thrd, ffth, seventh nd nnth hrmonc references re gven seprtely wth mpltude of A; The lod Resstnce =.5ohm; Flter nductnce =mh re used. ) tedy stte nlyss The performnce of proposed pretve control n stedy stte operton for resstve lod s ohm nd flter nductnce s mh. The mpltude of reference current s set s A, frequency s 5Hz nd DC-Lnk voltge to be kept t V. Fgure-7. multon result wth thrd, ffth, seventh nd nnth hrmonc lod current. The results re nted n Fgure-7. where good trckng of the lod current to ts references re observed, whch demonstrtes tht ths control strtegy cn be ppled effectvely n sngle phse voltge source converter opertng s n ctve flter. Fgure-5. multon result of pretve control for stedy stte operton. d) Anlyss wth nput frequency vrtons In ths nlyss the Reference frequency F = (5- -7) Hz, Ref current = A, nd the lod s the sme s of the stedy-stte nlyss dscussed erler. In Fgure- shows tht ctul lod current to trck ther references wth less rpple content. b) Trnsent nlyss The trnsent stte nlyss for the model, mpltude of reference current step chnges from A to A wth frequency s 5Hz.tht s shown n Fgure-6. where good dynmc response of the lod currents s observed wth low hrmonc dstorton wth fst rse tme nd no overshoot. The lod s the sme s of the stedy-stte nlyss dscussed erler. Fgure-8. multon result wth nput frequency vrtons. 7

5 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. In the Fgure-8 shows tht good reference trckng wth frequency vrtons nd fst response s observed. e) mplng frequency vrton The effect of vryng the smplng tme ws tested wth dfferent lod nductnce vlues, n tht the lod current THD nd wtchng frequency of controller re vres wth the smplng tme vrtons. The smulton result s depcted n Fgsure-9 tht shows the THD of the lod current s mnmum nd swtchng frequency s mxmum t hgher smplng frequency or smll smplng tme, nd lso t shows tht THD of the lod current s reducng from mh vlue of the lod nductnce to 7mH. After ncresng the nductnce the THD s gong to rech mxmum vlue. mlrly the swtchng frequency of the controller s ncrese from mh to 6mH of lod nductnce nd reducng for ncresng the lod nductnce. A swtchng frequency hve sgnfcnt relton to the THD s hgh when THD s low vlue. where THD nte wth the smplng tme( Ts) of μs, THD for 5μs nd THD for μs. And fsw nte wth the swtchng frequency of the controller s μs, fsw for 5μs nd fsw for μs respectvely. THD (%) Flter Inductnce (mh) THD THD THD Fgure-9. Comprson of % THD nd smplng frequency wth flter nductnce vrtons. fg shows tht by vryng smplng tme wth dfferent flter nductnce vlues, the lod current THD s observed t mnmum n mnmum smplng tme or hgher smplng frequency. And swtchng frequency of the controller s observed s mxmum n mnmum smplng tme or hgher smplng frequency.when the flter nductnce s ncresng bove 7mH the lod current THD s mxmum nd lod current s not snusodl n nture. f) Current reference mpltude vrtons The effect of vryng the reference mpltude ws tested wth dfferent flter nductnce vlues, n tht the lod current THD nd wtchng frequency of controller re vres wth the reference mpltude vrtons. THD (%) Flter Inductnce 5 6 Fgure-. Comprson of %THD nd reference mpltude vrtons wth flter nductnce vrtons. wtchng Frequency (khz) Flter Inductnce fsw fsw fsw fsw fsw 5 fsw 6 fsw 7, fsw fsw 9 fsw Fgure-. Comprson of swtchng frequency nd reference mpltude vrtons wth flter nductnce vrtons. Fgure-. Comprson of swtchng frequency nd smplng frequency wth flter nductnce vrtons. The swtchng frequency of the controller for dfferent opertng ponts s presented n Fgure-. The Fgure- nd shows tht vrton of lod current THD nd swtchng frequency for dfferent current reference mpltude. where THD- nte wth the smplng tme( Ts) of 5 μs nd reference mpltude of A, THD-, THD-, THD-, THD-5, THD-6, THD-7, THD-8, THD-9 nd THD- for the 7

6 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. smplng tme( Ts) of 5 μs nd for reference mpltude of A, A, A, 5A, 6A,7A,8A,9A nd A respectvely. mlrly fsw - nte wth the smplng tme( Ts) of 5 μs nd reference mpltude of A, fsw-, fsw-, fsw-, fsw-5, fsw-6, fsw-7, fsw-8, fsw-9 nd fsw- for the smplng tme( Ts) of 5 μs nd for reference mpltude of A, A, A, 5A, 6A,7A,8A,9A nd A respectvely. Where y xs n Fgure- ntes the swtchng frequency of the controller n terms of khz. The current reference mpltude from A to A, the THD vlues re grdully decresng from5.68 % to.58 %, nd swtchng frequency of the controller re grdully ncresng from.5 khz to. khz. And the current reference mpltude from A to A, the THD vlues grdully ncresng from.7 % to rech.88% of THD, nd swtchng frequency of the controller re grdully decresng from.5 khz to.8 khz. g) Controller operton wth flter prmeter vrtons In the second cse (CCF: chnges to the controller nd flter), the correct vlues of the lod re gven to the controller for the purpose of comprson. Both the cses re nvestgted n terms of % THD nd wtchng frequency 8 6 THD (%) Flter Inductnce (mh) CF THD CCF THD Fgure-. THD comprson of CF nd CCF wth flter nductnce vrtons. wtchng Frequency (khz) Flter Inductnce (mh) CF Fsw CCF Fsw Fgure-. THD comprson of CF nd CCF wth flter nductnce vrtons. Even though the flter prmeters chnge, the controller chooses swtchng stte tht produces the mnml error n the reference trckng. A comprson of them s depcted n Fg nd. where only smll dfference s observed n THD nd swtchng frequency of the controller for dfferent flter nductnce vrtons. Wth ths, the proposed control strtegy cn operte effcently even under flter nductnce vrtons 5. CONCLUION In ths pper the current control of sngle phse two-level two-leg voltge source nverter hs been presented. The control lgorthm hs been evluted wth seven dfferent cses through smulton results. The result shows tht good performnces of the current trckng blty n ll condtons wth less hrmonc dstorton nd the dvntge of proposed technque re relted to smplcty, desgn nd modelng. Wth ths the current control technque s very good lterntve soluton to clsscl current control technques. In further reserch on control technque wth cost functon vlues vrtons n control lgorthm nd to compre wth conventonl current controllers. REFERENCE [] Mrn P. Kzmerkowsk Current Control Technques for Three-PhseVoltge-ource PWM Converters: A urvey, IEEE Trns. Industrl Electroncs, Vol.5, October pp.69. [] D. M. Brod nd D.W. Novotny Current Control of VI-PWMInverters, IEEE Trns. Industry Applctons, Vol.IA-, No.,My/June, pp [] B. Yu.. Pretve Current Controlled PWM trtegy for Grd-connected ngle-phse Inverter, M.c. thess, Unv. New Brunswck, Fredercton, NB, Cnd. [] Buhl nd R. D. Lorenz. 99. Desgn nd mplementton of neurl networks for dgtl current regulton of nverter drves, n Conf. Rec. IEEE-IA Annu. Meetng, pp. 5. [5] M. A. Dzenkowsk nd M. P. Kzmerkowsk elf-tuned fuzzy PI current controller for PWM-VI, n Proc. EPE Conf., evlle, pn, pp..8..[]. [6] D.G. Holmes nd D.A Mrtn Implementton Of A Drect Dgtl Pretve Current Controller for ngle nd Three Phse Voltge ourceinverter, In Conf. Rec. Annul Meetng IEEE Industry Applctons, pp [7]. Buso,. Fsolo nd P. Mttvell.. Unnterruptble Power upplymultloop Control Employng Dgtl Pretve Voltge nd CurrentRegultors, IEEE Trns. Industry 75

7 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. Applctons, Vol.7, November/Dececember pp [8] I. Tkhsh. 98. A Flywheel Energy torge ystem Hvng Hrmoncs Power Compenston, Unversty of Wsconsn, Mdson, WEMPEC Res. Rep.8-, June. [9] J. Holtz nd.tdtfeld. 98. A Pretve Controller for the ttor CurrentVector of AC Mchnes Fed from wtched Voltge ource, In Conf. Rec. Annul Meetng Int. Power Electroncs Conf., pp [] K. P. Gokhle, A. Kwmur nd R. G. Hoft Ded bet mcroprocessor control of PWM nverter for snusodl output wveform synthess, IEEE Trns. Ind. Applct., vol. IA-, pp. 9 99, eptember/october. [] T. Kwbt, T. Mysht, nd Y. Ymmoto. 99. Ded bet control of three phse PWM nverter, IEEE Trns. Power Electron., vol. 5, pp. 8, Jnury 99. [] A. Kwmur, T. Hneyosh, nd R. G. Hoft, Dedbet controlled PWM nverter wth prmeter estmton usng only voltge sensor, n Conf. Rec. IEEE PEC 86, 986, pp [] F. Hrshm, Y. Demzu,. Kondo nd H. Hshmoto Applcton of neurl networks to power converter control, n Conf. Rec. IEEE-IA Annu. Meetng, n Dego, CA, 989, pp [] M. P. Kzmerkowsk, D. L. obczuk nd M. A. Dzenkowsk Neurl network current control of V-PWM nverters, n Proc. EPE Conf., evlle, pn, pp..5.. [5].. Mn, K. C. Lee, J. W. ong nd K. B. Cho. 99. A fuzzy current controller for feld-orented controlled nducton mchne by fuzzy rule, n Conf. Rec. IEEE PEC 9, Toledo, pn, pp [6]. eteo nd D. A. Torrey Fuzzy logc control of spce vector PWM current regultor for three phse power converters, n Proc. IEEE APEC 97, pp [7] J. W. Kolr, H. Ertl, nd F. C. Zch. 99. Anlyss of on- nd off-lne optmzed pretve current controllers for PWM converter system, IEEE Trns. Power Electron., vol. 6, pp. 5 6, My. [8] J. Rodrguez, J. Pontt, P. Corre, U. Ammnn nd P. Cortes. 5. Novel control strtegy of n AC/DC/AC converter usng power reltons, n Proc. Int. Conf. PELINCEC, Wrsw, Polnd, October 6 9. [9] J. Rodrguez, J. Pontt, P. Corre, P. Lezn nd P. Cortes. 5. Pretve power control of n AC/DC/AC converter, n Conf. Rec. IEEE IA Annu.Meetng, October Vol., pp [] Jose Rodrguez, Mrn P. Kzmerkowsk nd Chrstn A. Rojs.. tte of the Art of Fnte Control etmodelpretvecontrol n Power Electroncs IEEE Trns. Ind. Informtc, Vol. 9, no., My. [] ]. Kouro, P. Cortes, R. Vrgs, U. Ammnn nd J. Rodrguez. 9. Model pretve control- smple nd powerful method to control power converters, IEEE Trns. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 6, pp , June. [] Cortes P., M. P. Kzmerkowsk, R. M. Kennel, D. E. Quevedo nd J. Rodrguez. 8. Pretve control n power electroncs nd drves IEEE Trns. Ind. Electron, vol. 55, no. December. [] PbloAcun, Lus Morn, Mrco Rver, Jun Dxon, nd Jose Rodrguez.. Improved Actve Power Flter Performnce for Renewble Power Generton ystems IEEE Trns. Power Electroncs, vol. 9, no., Februry. [] VenktYrmsu, Mrco Rver nd Jose Rodrguez.. Model Pretve Current Control of Two Level Four-Leg Inverters Prt I: Concept, Algorthm,nd multon Anlyss IEEE Trns. Power Electroncs, vol. 8, no. 7, July. [5] P. Cortes, J. Rodrguez,. Vzquez, L. nd G. Frnquelo.. Pretve control of three-phse UP nverter usngtwo steps preton horzon, n Proc. IEEE Int. Ind. Technol. (ICIT) Conf., pp [6] P. Mttvell, G. pzz nd P. Tent. 5. Pretve dgtl control of power fctor pre regultors wth nput voltge estmton usng dsturbnce observers, IEEE Trns. Power Electronc., Vol., no., pp. 7, Jnury. [7] J. Rodrguez, J. Pontt, C. A. lv, P. Corre, P. Lezn, P. Cortes nd U. Ammnn. 7. Pretve current control of voltge source nverter, IEEE Trns. Ind. Electron., Vol. 5, no., pp. 95 5, Jnury. [8] H. Mrnd, R. Teodorescu, P. Rodrguez nd L. Helle. 9. Model pretve current control for hgh-power grd-connected converters wth output 76

8 VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. LCL flter, n Proc. 9 5th Annu. Conf. of IEEE Ind. Electron., Nov. pp [9] R. Vrgs, P. Cortes, U. Ammnn, J. Rodrguez nd J. Pontt. 7. Pretve control of three-phse neutrl-pont-clmped nverter, IEEE Trns. Ind. Electron., Vol. 5, no. 5, pp []. Aurteneche, M. A. Rodrguez, E. Oyrbde nd J. R. Torreldy. 7. Pretve drect power control of MV-grd-connected two-level nd, three-level NPC converters: Expermentl results, n Proc. Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Applct., pp.. [] P. Cortes, A.Wlson,. Kouro, J. Rodrguez nd H. Abu-Rub.. Model pretve control of multlevel cscded H-brdge nverters, IEEE Trns. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 8, pp , August. [] M. Pérez, J. Rodrguez nd A. Cocc. 9. Pretve current control n sngle phse PFC boost rectfer, n Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Ind. Technol. ICIT 9, pp. 6. [] M. Perez, J. Rodrguez, E. Fuentes nd F. Kmmerer.. Pretve control of AC-AC modulr multlevel converters, IEEE Trns. Ind. Electron., Vol. 59, no. 7, p. 89. [] R. Vrgs, U. Ammnn nd J. Rodrguez. 9. Pretve pproch to ncrese effcency nd reduce swtchng losses on mtrx converters, IEEE Trns. Power Electron., vol., no., pp

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