BASIC ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
|
|
- Laureen Meryl Wells
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DESCRIPTION ST-05 DURATION SHORT : 01 DAY BASIC ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM 1) Idea about EMF, current, power, resistance, inductance, capacitance, power factor, etc.and their measurement. 2) Study of ohms law and its application, series and parallel connection. 3) Importance of insulation resistance. 4) Idea about magnetism and magnetic induction. 5) Transformer working principle, rectifier working principle. 6) Fuses and lightning arrestor. 7) Measurement of loop and insulation resistance of cables and overhead lines and measurement of earth resistance. 8) A.C and D.C principles. 9) Brief introduction to various electrical equipment like charger, stabilizers, transformers, UPS, D.C - D.C converter, A.C D.C converter.
2 2 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1. Idea about EMF, current, power, resistance, induction, capacitance, power factor and their measurements. EMF (Electromagnetic force): The full form of EMF is electromotive force. When ever an electric current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is immediately brought into existence in the space surrounding the conductor When electrons are motion, they produces a magnetic field. When a magnetic field embracing a conductor moves relatively to the conductor, it produces a flow of electron in the conductor for which an EMF is induced in the conductor. Measurement: With the help of voltmeter we can measure the e.m.f. Current It is the rate of flow of electric charge.if a charge of Q coulombs flows across any point in a conductor for time t sec then current I = Q/t. The unit of electric current is ampere. It is denoted as A Measurement: We can measure electric current by an Ammeter. Power :The consumption of electrical power of a circuit is calculated in watt. Its symbol is P. P= V x I, V= I x R P= I x I x R P= I 2 x R or P = V x I Where, P =Electrical power, I= current in Amp, R= Resistance in ohms, The Commercial unit of electric power consumption is Kilo-watt hour (KWH) KWH= watt x hour/1000 One KWH is called a unit. It is also referred as Board of Trade unit. Resistance: The property of substance due to which it opposes the flow of electric current through it is called its resistance. Metal, acid and salt solution offer very little resistance, hence they are very good conductor of electricity. The best electrical conductor is silver.the unit of resistance is ohm ( Ώ ). A conductor is said to be a resistance of one ohm if it allows one amp current to flow through it when one volt is applied across its terminal. Measurements: With the help of ohm-meter we can measurement the value of resistance. Inductance: The property of A.C circuits which opposes any change in the amount of current is called inductance. Its symbol is L and its unit is Henry [H]. If a current changing at the rate of one ampere per second, induces an average e.m.f of one volt in a conductor, the amount of inductance in the conductor will be one Henry. Capacitance: The capability of storing electrical charge by the two conductor plate duly separated by an insulator is known as capacity. Its symbol is C and its unit is Farad..The device is called a capacitor or a condenser.
3 3 When a capacitor is connected to a battery current flows in the circuit which charges its one plate and the other plate is negative. The quantity of electric charge store in the capacitor is directly proportional to the voltage applied to the capacitor. Thus, Q α V Q/V = constant Or Q/V = C Q = C x V where Q = charge in coulombs C =capacity in Farad. V =voltage in volt The property of A.C circuit which opposes any change in the amount of voltage is known as capacity or capacitor Power factor: It may be define as 1) cosine of phase angle between voltage and current.either lead and lag. 2) The ratio R/Z=Resistance/Impedance. 3) The ratio of True power/apparent power = Watt/Volt amp = W/VA. For example,suppose a circuit draws a current of 1000A at a voltage of 20000V and has a power factor of 0.8then, Input=1000*20000/1000=20000KVA Cos ϕ = 0.8 ; sin ϕ =0.6 Hence KW =20000 * 0.8 = 16000; KVAR=20000 * 0.6=12000 Obviously = ie KVA 2 = KW 2 + KVAR 2 2. Study of ohms law and its application, series and parallel application. Ohms Law: In a closed D.C circuit the potential difference developed across a conductor (or a resistor) is directly proportional to the current flowing through it if the temperature and other physical conduction of the conductor have been kept constant. Thus, V α I Or, V/I = constant Or, V/I=R ( Hence V/I = R or, V= I X R Or, I =V/R ) Multiple and sub multiple of ohm Prefix Its meaning Symbol Equal to Mega One million M 10 6 Kilo One thousand K 10 3 Milli One thousandth m 10-3 Micro One millionth µ 10-6 Laws of resistance: The resistance (R) offered by a conductor depends upon 1) Directly on its length (L) 2) Inversely on its cross section (A) 3) On the nature of the conductor material 4) On the temperature of the conductor. Neglecting the last maintained factor we can say that R α L Here R= Resistance of conductor in ohm
4 L α 1/A R = L/A 4 L = Length of the conductor A= Cross sectional area of the conductor Where (rho) is a constant. Where (Rho) depends upon the nature of the conductor material and is known as resistivity. Its unit is ohm-cm. Resistances in series: A combination of two or more resistors which has one and only a series circuit. In this circuit each resistor has its individual voltage drop, hence total voltage V T = V 1 =V 2 = V or V T = I x R xr 2 + I x R or V T /I = R 1 + R 2 +R or V T = I ( R 1 + R 2 + R or R T = R 1 + R 2 + R Resistances in Parallel : A combination of two or more resistors in which all the resistors are getting the same voltage ( i.e they are connected same source of e.m.f.)is called parallel circuit.the current drainage of each resistor connected in parallel is different hence, Total current (I T ) = i 1 + i 2 + i I T = V/R 1 + V/R 2 + V/R I T = V ( 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R I T /V = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 +1/R
5 5 3. Importance of insulation resistance : Insulation resistance is a very important factor in over head and under ground cable. As insulation resistance is inversely proportional to leakage current and leakage current is as minimum as possible in any circuit. So insulation resistance in any circuit (over head or under ground)must be high value for better performance of the circuit. Normally this value is always in Mega ohm range. Insulation resistance is measured by meggar Megger is classified according to the output voltage. It may be 100V,or 500V. 100V megger is used for measuring insulation resistance of U/G cable and 500V megger is used for over head line. 4. Idea about magnetism and magnetic induction: Magnetism and magnetic induction: Magnetic effect is one out of the three principal effect of electric current. A current carrying conductor is always surrounded by a magnetic field. As in the case of a magnetic field of a permanent magnet, a magnetic neddle or compass placed at a point in the magnetic field of a current carrying conductor will rest in the direction of the field acting at that point and not in the N-S direction. the phenomenon is known as electromagnetism. Magnetic field of a straight conductor: The magnetic field of a straight current carrying conductor is composed of concentric magnetic lines of force. The center of these lines of force lies on the axis of the conductor. Magnetic field : The space around a magnet where the field effect of its magnetism can be detected is known as magnetic field A magnet niddle placed at a point in the magnetic field will rest in the direction of the field and not in the N-S direction. Properties of lines of force; 1) A line of force complete its circuit from north pole to south pole out side the magnet and from south pole to north pole inside the magnet. 2) Two lines of force never intersect with each other. 3) The tangent drawn at any point on a line of force represents the direction of magnetic field acting at that point. Magnetic induction: When a magnet is brought near to an iron bar or an iron bar is brought near to an magnet, a magnetism produce in the iron bar. The phenomenon is known as magnetic induction.actually before attracting an iron bar before it, a magnet induces an opposite polarity in the iron bar and then due to attraction due to unlike poles, magnet attracts the iron bar. The magnet need not to touch the iron bar for magnetic induction. In various electrical measuring instrument,soft iron pole pieces are used along with bar magnet in order to give the desire shape to the magnet used, such pole pieces work on the principal of magnetic induction. The intensity of magnetic field is also known as magnetic field strength. The same is called magnetizing force in connection with electromagnet. Then its unit is ampere turn/meter (A-T/m). Magneto Motive Force: The complete path of a lines of force from north pole to south pole outside the magnet and from south pole to north pole inside the magnetic called magnetic circuit.
6 6 The force responsible for producing magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit is called magneto motive force(mmf).like resistance in electrical circuit, the opposition for the production of magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit is called the Reluctance. Its symbol is R. Here R= MMF, R= Reluctance in AT/Wb MMF =Electromagnetic force in A-T = Magnetic flux in Wb. 5. Transformers working principle, rectifier working principle Transformer: A transformer is a static (or stationary) piece of apparatus by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. It can raise or lower the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding decrease or decrease or increase in current. The physical basis of a transformer is mutual induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux. In its simple form, it consists of two inductive coils which are electrically separated but magnetically linked through a path of low reluctance. The two coils is connected to a source of alternating voltage, an alternating flux is set up in the laminated core, most of which is linked with the other coil in which it produces mutually-induced e.m.f (according to faraday s Laws of Electromagnetic Introduction e = MDI/dt). If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flows in it and so electric energy is transferred (entirely magnetically) from the first coil to the second coil.the first coil, in which electric energy is fed from the a.c. supply mains, is called primary winding and the other from which energy is drawn out, is called secondary winding. In brief, a transformer is a device that 1. Transfers electric power from one circuit to another. 2. It does so without a change of frequency 3. It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction and 4. Where the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other.
7 7 Rectifier: The rectifier is a circuit which employs one or more diode to convert AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage. Figure shows single phase full wave rectifier. When input ac supply is switched on, the M and N of transformer secondary becomes +ve and ve alternatively. During the +ve half cycle of the ac input, terminal M is +ve, G is at zero potential and N is at ve potential. Hence being forward biased, diode D 1 conduct( but not D 2 which is reversed biased)and current flows along MD 1 CABG.As a result +ve half cycle of the voltage appears across R L. During the ve half cycle, when terminal N becomes +ve, then D 2 conducts and current flows along ND 2 CABG.So we find that current keeps on flowing through R L in the same
8 8 direction (ie from A-B) in both half cycle of ac input. It means that both half cycle of input ac supply are utilized. Also the frequency of the rectified output voltage is twice the supply the supply frequency. Of course, this rectified output voltage consist of dc component and may ac components of diminishing amplitude. 6. Fuses and Lighting arrestors. Fuses: It is desirable that that the design of a fuse should be such that it will blow quickly and quietly whenever the current through it reaches a dangerous value. It should also be so designed that any arc which may be set up when the fuse wire melts cannot be maintained. A common type of line fuse in which the phosphor-bronze fuse wire is inserted in a small bore porcelain tube with one caps without ventilation holes. It is rated at 1.5A and blows at approximately 3A. Another type of fuse is enclosed in an asbestos tube held between two flat body pieces or pressboard.it is rated at 1.5A and is specified to carry this current continuously with out deterioration. It must blow within 30 sec of the current reaching a value of 3A. The protector device is also the part of safety device. It provides a direct path to reach for lightning or other high voltages discharges The usual type of protector used on subscriber line and junction circuit. The most common type protector consist of two moulded carbon block held together by the mounting spring. The protector has a specified discharge voltage from 500V 700V.In this type protector a thin perforated mica separator is normally used now a days in place of thin film of red anti-dust varnish. Lightning arrestor: The equipment which protect other costly equipment from lightning is called lightning arrestor. It is also called Lightning discharger (LD). It is a protective device. Most of the S&T equipments are protected from higher voltage which may arise either due to natural or artificial cause. Natural cause is lightning and artificial cause is direct contact between power line and S&T equipment. General requirement of Lightning discharger. 1) Lightning discharger shall not be operate under maximum operating voltage. 2) Speech and signaling efficiency should not be reduce on its application. 3) It should promptly operate at specified voltage or currents. 4) It should promptly isolate the apparatus and prevent further action by lightning etc. 5) Current rating should be always such that it should not produce any heat in the component of the main apparatus. 6) It should able to carry the surge current due to heavy lightning up-to the rated value without puncturing or affecting materially the operating characteristic. 7) The material employed in the design and construction shall not create fire hazards due to operation. 8) It should be suitably and compactly house when they are installed independently on poles. 9) The design of lightning discharger shall be economical and and of good engineering practice. 7. Measurement of loop and insulation resistance of cables & overhead lines and measurement of earth resistance. Measurement of loop resistance of cable and over head line.
9 9 BRIDGE MEGGER Stn.-A Instrument used : Bridge megger. Section : Block section to block section( for over head line ) Cable repeater to cable repeater.(for under ground cable) Standard Value: 5.62 Ώ (for over head A.C.S.R -6/1/1.5 conductor) 56.2 Ώ (for R.E cable) Measured value: If the measured value for 10 km is 600 Ώ in under ground cable then loop resistance /km is 600/10 = 60 Ώ Time: Mid day. Action taken : If the measured value is more than standard value 1) Bad joints to be checked 2) No of joints to be reduce by replacing new wire in case of over head line. Measurement of insulation resistance of cable and over head line MEGGER L 1 L 2 Instrument used : Megger 100V for under ground cable and 500V for over head line Section : block section to block section( for over head line ) Cable repeater to cable repeater.(for under ground cable) Standard Value: 8 M Ώ /km for over head line( dry condition ) 1.6 M Ώ /km for overhead line (wet condition)
10 M Ώ /km for under ground cable. Measured value: Time: Action taken : If the measured value for 10 km is 1MΏ in overhead line then insulation resistance /km is 1*10= 10 M Ώ Early morning. If the measured value is below than standard value 1) Broken and crack insulator to be replaced. 2) Tree branches touches with wires to be cut down Measurement of earth resistance It is necessary to earth all telecom equipment inclusive of transmitter, receivers s and associated equipments, Sheath of telecom cable for the following reason. 1) To prevent or to reduce the cross talk. 2) To complete earth return signalling circuit. 3) To avoid shock. 4) To provide direct connection to the earth for lightning protection. Measurement of earth resistance: Earth can be tested by means of a whetstone bridge or GPO detector or a megger earth tester. To test an earth two iron bars with terminals fixed on them, are driven about 6-8 meter from the earth to be tested and 6-8 meter from each as shown in the figure. A Earth to be tested. R 1 6m 6m R 3 B 6m R 2 Iron bar C The bars are used as temporary earth and driven in the ground for 1.25 meter. Now pour salted water to ensure that the bars make a good connection with the earth. In the above diagram A is the earth under test B & C are temporary earths. Measure the resistance between A&B, A&C and B&C with the help of wheatstone bridge or GPO detector or megger earth tester. Let R 1 is the resistance measured between A&B. R 2 is the resistance measured between A&C
11 R 3 is the resistance measured 11 between B&C Therefore the resistance of A can be found by following formula. R 1 + R 2 + R 3 Resistance of A = 2 8. AC & DC principles A.C Principles: Alternating current(ac ) is produced by a voltage source whose terminal polarity keeps alternating (or reversing) with time. The positive terminal at one instant becomes negativel some time later and the negative terminal at one instant becomes terminal at some other instant.as a result of constantly reversing polarity of voltage source, the direction of current flow in the circuit also keeps reversing as shown in the figure. In addition to reversing its direction, current keeps changing in value with time from zero to maximum in one direction and back to zero and then from zero to minimum in the opposite direction and again back to zero. It is obvious that an alternating voltage will cause an alternating current. D.C Principle: D.C is known as direct current which is produces by a voltage source whose terminal have fixed polarity i.e. whose poles do not change their polarity with time. Hence, they provide a current whose direction of flow does not change with time.however, this direct current may be steady. For DC voltage this main source are electric cell, battery, DC generator etc. 9. Brief introduction to Charger, stabilizer, Transformer, UPS, D.C-D.C converter,a.c-d.c converter. Battery charger (automatic) Circuit diagram of the charger is shown in the attached drawing. It consist of input terminals where mains supply is to be connected. The mains supply is connected to primary of mains transformer T through mains ON/OFF switch Sl and flues Fl. The Secondary of mains transformer is connected to a single phase full wave rectifier bridge consisting of SCRs TSI, TS2 and diodes D1 and D2. The diodes are protected by HRC fuses F4, F5 and by RC snubber circuit. The rectified output is then filtered by free whelling diode D3, filter choke, CHL. Filter condenser C6 and bleeder resistance R6. The DC output from the filter section is connected to output terminals through a shunt SH1. This output is for equipment load. The output after the shunt SH1 is also connected to the battery terminals though a battery shunt SH2, fuse F2 and a rotary switch S2. The output voltage /current is precisely regulated by controlling the phase firing angle of SCRs. The control circuit used of latest IC technology and incorporates a built-in-current and voltage limit to protect the battery from over charging and to protect the battery from over discharging and to protect the equipment load also.
12 12 Basically the charger works either as voltage regulator in float mode and current regulator in boost/initial charging mode. In automatic mode it works either flaot or boost mode depending on the charge condition of the battery. Stabilizer Ferro Resonant technology: The stringent operating condition has required the use of Ferro resonant technology. Voltage regulators manufactured with this technology are able to handle a wide variation in voltage and deliver precisely regulated output voltage. Operating on the principal of saturation and the resultant storage capacity, these regulators demonstrate a high degree of immunity to line surges. Ferro Resonant voltage regulators do not use any electronic or electro-mechanical components, resulting in good reliability and are virtually maintenance free. These regulators demonstrate a high degree of self protecting features. The equipment is self protected against overloads, over voltage, short circuits etc. and hence fuses have been eliminated. Working Principle: As soon as the input voltage is given to the regulator, the primary coil of the transformer is energized. Corresponding voltage is also magnetically induced into the secondary coil of the main transformer. Secondary winding, connected in series, with capacitors form a resonating tank at line frequency and drive the transformer into saturation. Once the transformer is saturated, the flux density of the transformer becomes constant. It is this constant flux density available at the transformer, which results in a constant output. In other word, the transformer develops immunity to the input voltage variation. Resultant harmonics, generated by the saturation, are filtered by the combination of filter winding on the main transformer, additional filter chock and capacitor. Transformer: A transformer is a static (or stationary) piece of apparatus by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. It can raise or lower the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding decrease or decrease or increase in current. The physical basis of a transformer is mutual Induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux. In its simple form, it consists of two inductive coils which are electrically separated but magnetically linked through a path of low reluctance. The two coils is connected to a source of alternating voltage, an alternating flux is set up in the laminated core, most of which is linked with the other coil in which it produces mutuallyinduced e.m.f (according to faraday s Laws of Electromagnetic Introduction e = MDI/dt). If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flows in it and so electric energy is transferred (entirely magnetically) from the first coil to the second coil.the first coil, in which electric energy is fed from the a.c. supply mains, is called primary winding and the other from which energy is drawn out, is called secondary winding. In brief, a transformer is a device that 1. Transfers electric power from one circuit to another. 2. It does so without a change of frequency 3. It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction and 4. Where the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other. There are different types of transformer are.
13 13 a) Main or power transformer: Transformer working in power supply of electrical & electronics circuit and also provides various A.C voltag is called main transformer. It may voltage step-up or step-down. b) Auto transformer: It is different type of transformer, which consist on only one winding. The winding has a common tap terminal. One end of the winding and common tap together works as primary, while the other end of the winding and the common tap terminal together works as secondary. This type of transformer can be used as voltage step-up as well as voltage step-down mainly in auto stabilizer. c) Battery eliminator transformer. This type of transformer works on 230V A.C main supply. It is used in power supply unit designed to product L.T.D.C, that is why it is known as battery eliminator transformer. d) Driver transformer: It is used for coupling and impedance matching of the two amplifier is called driver transformer. e) Out put transformer: It is a voltage step-down type marching transformer used in the output stage of radio receiver. f) Push-pull amplifier :A push-pull transformer circuit requires two such driver transformer whose one winding has a center tapped terminal also.the primary winding of the out put push-pull transformer and the secondary winding of the input push-pull transformer have center tapped terminal. These are of two types A.F & R.F. A.F transformer used in receiver of P.A amplifier and R.F transformer used in transmitter. g) I.F transformer: It is specially design to transfer electrical energy at a specified frequency. It is used in radio receiver to keep I.F frequency between 450 Khz to470khz and for T.V kept at 33.4 Mhz. h) R.F transformer: All the transformer working above 20 Khz are called as R.F transformer. The oscillator and antenna coils of a radio receiver R.F transformer. Trouble shooting: Transformer are in use have so many losses like Eddy current loss, Hystresis loss, Copper loss,leakage loss etc. To minimize the losses the core is made by jointing together insulated iron lamination instate of solid bar. The lamination are painted with varnish both side. Other losses can be reduce by using mild steel lamination also. Un interrupted power supply (UPS) Computer requires un-interrupt able power supply because an interruption cause loss of data and damage of hardware resulting on a financial loss. BATTERY RECTIFIER A.C 230V INVERTER STATIC BY PASS SWITCH
14 14 SERVICE SWITCH The 230 V A.C mains supply is given to a rectifier which converts it into D.C. This D.C charges the battery and operates an inverter circuit. The inverter circuit again convert the D.C into A.C of 230V and feed into the load. There is a static bypass switch (SBS) arrangement together with a service switch in its parallel for feeding the load directly by mains line in the event of inverter failure. D.C D.C converter. In may not be always possible to obtain from power source the correct voltage in the required form for operating communication equipment. In such circumstances conversion equipment become necessary for converting the power supply voltage into a form suitable for being fed to the equipment. As long as the power sources is AC, the necessary DC voltage can be conveniently obtained by means of a transformer and a rectifier. But,where only a low voltage D.C supply is available and a higher D.C voltage is wanted, a class of circuits known as D.C D.C converter must be used. It is a device which normally step up a low D.C input to a high D.C output and is only inverter with a rectifier and a filter figure shows how it works D.C I/P D.C/D.C Converter Step-up Transformer Rectifier Filter& Regulator D.C O/P It takes the input from the low voltage D.C supply A and switches it ON and OFF continuously, at an audio frequency in switching circuit B gives an A.C voltage fed into the step up transformer C.The high voltage output form C is fed into a rectifying and smoothing circuit D. form which emerges a final high voltage D.C out.the wave shapes of the A.C voltages are as square wave which is the commonest wave form and A.C sinusoidal wave form can be derived from it. A step-down transformer can also be used to give an output lower than the input voltage.
15 15 A.C--D.C converter. It is a system in which A.C is converted required D.C voltage and is fed directly to the equipment after smoothing D.C through filter. Before filtering the will be pulsating D.C. The basic parts of A.C D.C converter is main transformer and a rectifier. The system is used where the equipment requires only D.C voltages.
16 16
17 17
Walchand Institute of Technology. Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Transformer
Walchand Institute of Technology Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Transformer 1. What is transformer? explain working principle of transformer. Electrical power transformer is a static device
More information3. What is hysteresis loss? Also mention a method to minimize the loss. (N-11, N-12)
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE 6401 ELECTRICAL MACHINES I UNIT I : MAGNETIC CIRCUITS AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS Part A (2 Marks) 1. List
More informationUnit 3 Magnetism...21 Introduction The Natural Magnet Magnetic Polarities Magnetic Compass...21
Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals Unit 1 Matter...3 Introduction...3 1.1 Matter...3 1.2 Atomic Theory...3 1.3 Law of Electrical Charges...4 1.4 Law of Atomic Charges...4 Negative Atomic Charge...4 Positive
More informationPreface...x Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals
Preface...x Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals Unit 1 Matter...3 Introduction...3 1.1 Matter...3 1.2 Atomic Theory...3 1.3 Law of Electrical Charges...4 1.4 Law of Atomic Charges...5 Negative Atomic Charge...5
More informationRadio and Electronics Fundamentals
Amateur Radio License Class Radio and Electronics Fundamentals Presented by Steve Gallafent September 26, 2007 Radio and Electronics Fundamentals Voltage, Current, and Resistance Electric current is the
More information1. What is the unit of electromotive force? (a) volt (b) ampere (c) watt (d) ohm. 2. The resonant frequency of a tuned (LRC) circuit is given by
Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka EXAMINATION FOR THE AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY ISSUED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, SRI LANKA 2004 (NOVICE CLASS) Basic Electricity,
More informationTransformers. gpmacademics.weebly.com
TRANSFORMERS Syllabus: Principles of operation, Constructional Details, Losses and efficiency, Regulation of Transformer, Testing: OC & SC test. TRANSFORMER: It is a static device which transfers electric
More informationELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICITY
INTRODUCTION ELECTRONICS ND ELECTRICITY The science of Electronics and Electricity makes a very important contribution to our everyday existence. Electricity is concerned with the generation, transmission
More informationLesson 3: Electronics & Circuits
Lesson 3: Electronics & Circuits Preparation for Amateur Radio Technician Class Exam Topics Review Ohm s Law Energy & Power Circuits Inductors & Inductance Capacitors & Capacitance Analog vs Digital Exam
More informationPractical Tricks with Transformers. Larry Weinstein K0NA
Practical Tricks with Transformers Larry Weinstein K0NA Practical Tricks with Transformers Quick review of inductance and magnetics Switching inductive loads How many voltages can we get out of a $10 Home
More informationIntroduction. Inductors in AC Circuits.
Module 3 AC Theory What you ll learn in Module 3. Section 3.1 Electromagnetic Induction. Magnetic Fields around Conductors. The Solenoid. Section 3.2 Inductance & Back e.m.f. The Unit of Inductance. Factors
More informationInductors & Resonance
Inductors & Resonance The Inductor This figure shows a conductor carrying a current. A magnetic field is set up around the conductor as concentric circles. If a coil of wire has a current flowing through
More informationConventional Paper-II-2011 Part-1A
Conventional Paper-II-2011 Part-1A 1(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) The purpose of providing dummy coils in the armature of a DC machine is to: (A) Increase voltage induced (B) Decrease the armature resistance
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationSUBELEMENT T5 Electrical principles: math for electronics; electronic principles; Ohm s Law 4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups
SUBELEMENT T5 Electrical principles: math for electronics; electronic principles; Ohm s Law 4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups 1 T5A Electrical principles, units, and terms: current and voltage; conductors and
More informationElectronic Measurements & Instrumentation. 1. Draw the Maxwell s Bridge Circuit and derives the expression for the unknown element at balance?
UNIT -6 1. Draw the Maxwell s Bridge Circuit and derives the expression for the unknown element at balance? Ans: Maxwell's bridge, shown in Fig. 1.1, measures an unknown inductance in of standard arm offers
More informationBasic Electrical Training
Basic Electrical Training Electricians Tools Explain how various hand tools are used by an electrician Discuss the safe use of hand tools and power tools Perform basic calculations and measurement conversions
More informationDefinitions of Technical Terms
Definitions of Technical Terms Terms Ammeter Amperes, Amps Band Capacitor Carrier Squelch Diode Dipole Definitions How is an ammeter usually connected = In series with the circuit What instrument is used
More informationChapter 11. Alternating Current
Unit-2 ECE131 BEEE Chapter 11 Alternating Current Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe how an AC voltage is produced with an AC generator (alternator) Define alternation,
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (Assignment)
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (Assignment) 1. In an A.C. circuit A ; the current leads the voltage by 30 0 and in circuit B, the current lags behind the voltage by 30 0. What is the
More informationUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY By: Fadhil A. Hasan ELECTRICAL MACHINES
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Year: Second 2016-2017 By: Fadhil A. Hasan ELECTRICAL MACHINES І Module-II: AC Transformers o Single phase transformers o Three-phase transformers
More informationUNIT II MEASUREMENT OF POWER & ENERGY
UNIT II MEASUREMENT OF POWER & ENERGY Dynamometer type wattmeter works on a very simple principle which is stated as "when any current carrying conductor is placed inside a magnetic field, it experiences
More informationTRANSFORMERS INTRODUCTION
Tyco Electronics Corporation Crompton Instruments 1610 Cobb International Parkway, Unit #4 Kennesaw, GA 30152 Tel. 770-425-8903 Fax. 770-423-7194 TRANSFORMERS INTRODUCTION A transformer is a device that
More informationSECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. Unit Objectives. Unit Objectives 2/29/2012
SECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Unit Objectives Describe the structure of an atom. Identify atoms with a positive charge and atoms with a negative charge. Explain
More informationEmitter base bias. Collector base bias Active Forward Reverse Saturation forward Forward Cut off Reverse Reverse Inverse Reverse Forward
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS-2 [Transistor, constructional characteristics, biasing of transistors, transistor configuration, transistor as an amplifier, transistor as a switch, transistor as an oscillator] Transistor
More informationDLVP A OPERATOR S MANUAL
DLVP-50-300-3000A OPERATOR S MANUAL DYNALOAD DIVISION 36 NEWBURGH RD. HACKETTSTOWN, NJ 07840 PHONE (908) 850-5088 FAX (908) 908-0679 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...3 SPECIFICATIONS...5 MODE SELECTOR
More informationBasic Electronics. Chapter 2 Basic Electrical Principles and the Functions of Components. PHYS 401 Physics of Ham Radio
Basic Electronics Chapter 2 Basic Electrical Principles and the Functions of Components Figures in this course book are reproduced with the permission of the American Radio Relay League. This booklet was
More informationSingle-Phase Transformation Review
Single-Phase Transformation Review S T U D E N T M A N U A L March 2, 2005 2 STUDENT TRAINING MANUAL Prerequisites: None Objectives: Given the Construction Standards manual and a formula sheet, you will
More informationTable of Contents. Introduction...2 Conductors and Insulators...3 Current, Voltage, and Resistance...6
Table of Contents Introduction...2 Conductors and Insulators...3 Current, Voltage, and Resistance...6 Ohm s Law... 11 DC Circuits... 13 Magnetism...20 Alternating Current...23 Inductance and Capacitance...30
More informationTrade of Electrician. The Transformer
Trade of Electrician Standards Based Apprenticeship The Transformer Phase 2 Module No. 2.1 Unit No. 2.1.10 COURSE NOTES Created by Gerry Ryan - Galway TC Revision 1 April 2000 by Gerry Ryan - Galway TC
More informationCHAPTER 2 A SERIES PARALLEL RESONANT CONVERTER WITH OPEN LOOP CONTROL
14 CHAPTER 2 A SERIES PARALLEL RESONANT CONVERTER WITH OPEN LOOP CONTROL 2.1 INTRODUCTION Power electronics devices have many advantages over the traditional power devices in many aspects such as converting
More informationBASIC ELECTRICITY/ APPLIED ELECTRICITY
BASIC ELECTRICITY/ APPLIED ELECTRICITY PREAMBLE This examination syllabus has been evolved from the Senior Secondary School Electricity curriculum. It is designed to test candidates knowledge and understanding
More informationBASIC ELECTRICITY/ APPLIED ELECTRICITY
BASIC ELECTRICITY/ APPLIED ELECTRICITY PREAMBLE This examination syllabus has been evolved from the Senior Secondary School Electricity curriculum. It is designed to test candidates knowledge and understanding
More informationνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτ ψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπα σδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκ χϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθ
θωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψ υιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδ φγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζ ξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµ Physics θωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψ Current and Electricity υιοπασδφγηϕκτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβν
More informationA.C. Circuits -- Conceptual Solutions
A.C. Circuits -- Conceptual Solutions 1.) Charge carriers in a DC circuit move in one direction only. What do charge carriers do in an AC circuit? Solution: The voltage difference between the terminals
More informationBasic Electronics. Chapter 2, 3A (test T5, T6) Basic Electrical Principles and the Functions of Components. PHYS 401 Physics of Ham Radio
Basic Electronics Chapter 2, 3A (test T5, T6) Basic Electrical Principles and the Functions of Components Figures in this course book are reproduced with the permission of the American Radio Relay League.
More information~=E.i!=h. Pre-certification Transformers
7 Transformers Section 26 of the electrical code governs the use and installations of transformers. A transformer is a static device used to transfer energy from one alternating current circuit to another.
More informationBasic Analog Circuits
Basic Analog Circuits Overview This tutorial is part of the National Instruments Measurement Fundamentals series. Each tutorial in this series, will teach you a specific topic of common measurement applications,
More information1. Explain in detail the constructional details and working of DC motor.
DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, PERAMBALUR DEPT OF ECE EC6352-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND INSTRUMENTATION UNIT 1 PART B 1. Explain in detail the constructional details and
More informationWELCOME TO THE LECTURE
WLCOM TO TH LCTUR ON TRNFORMR Single Phase Transformer Three Phase Transformer Transformer transformer is a stationary electric machine which transfers electrical energy (power) from one voltage level
More information1. If the flux associated with a coil varies at the rate of 1 weber/min,the induced emf is
1. f the flux associated with a coil varies at the rate of 1 weber/min,the induced emf is 1 1. 1V 2. V 60 3. 60V 4. Zero 2. Lenz s law is the consequence of the law of conservation of 1. Charge 2. Mass
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Important Instructions to examiners: 1. The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2. The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationSyllabus OP49 Test electrical conduction in a variety of materials, and classify each material as a conductor or insulator
Physics: 14. Current Electricity Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OP49 Test electrical conduction in a variety of materials,
More informationTable of Contents...2. About the Tutorial...6. Audience...6. Prerequisites...6. Copyright & Disclaimer EMI INTRODUCTION Voltmeter...
1 Table of Contents Table of Contents...2 About the Tutorial...6 Audience...6 Prerequisites...6 Copyright & Disclaimer...6 1. EMI INTRODUCTION... 7 Voltmeter...7 Ammeter...8 Ohmmeter...8 Multimeter...9
More information1. (a) Determine the value of Resistance R and current in each branch when the total current taken by the curcuit in figure 1a is 6 Amps.
Code No: 07A3EC01 Set No. 1 II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ( Common to Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
More informationCode No: RR Set No. 1
Code No: RR310202 Set No. 1 III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions
More informationPHYS 1441 Section 001 Lecture #22 Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2017
PHYS 1441 Section 001 Lecture #22 Chapter 29:EM Induction & Faraday s Law Transformer Electric Field Due to Changing Magnetic Flux Chapter 30: Inductance Mutual and Self Inductance Energy Stored in Magnetic
More informationTechnician Licensing Class T5
Technician Licensing Class T5 Amateur Radio Course Monroe EMS Building Monroe, Utah January 11/18, 2014 January 22, 2014 Testing Session Valid dates: July 1, 2010 June 30, 2014 Amateur Radio Technician
More informationBasic Electronics & Theory Lesson 5
5.1 Metric Prefixes Metric prefixes you'll need to know... 1 Giga (G) = 1 billion = 1,000,000,000 1 Mega (M) = 1 million = 1,000,000 1 kilo (k) = 1 thousand = 1,000 1 centi (c) = 1 one-hundredth = 0.01
More informationChapter Moving Charges and Magnetism
100 Chapter Moving Charges and Magnetism 1. The power factor of an AC circuit having resistance (R) and inductance (L) connected in series and an angular velocity ω is [2013] 2. [2002] zero RvB vbl/r vbl
More informationLesson 2: How Radio Works
Lesson 2: How Radio Works Preparation for Amateur Radio Technician Class Exam Topics How radios work Current Frequency & Wavelength Radio Frequencies Quick review of Metric Electricity Conductors & Insulators
More informationAligarh College of Engineering & Technology (College Code: 109) Affiliated to UPTU, Approved by AICTE Electrical Engg.
Aligarh College of Engineering & Technology (College Code: 19) Electrical Engg. (EE-11/21) Unit-I DC Network Theory 1. Distinguish the following terms: (a) Active and passive elements (b) Linearity and
More informationSmall signal Amplifier stages. Figure 5.2 Classification of power amplifiers
5.1 Introduction When the power requirement to drive the load is in terms of several Watts rather than mili-watts the power amplifiers are used. Power amplifiers form the last stage of multistage amplifiers.
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad
I INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad-500043 CIVIL ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK Course Name : BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Course Code : AEE018
More informationGeneral Licensing Class Circuits
General Licensing Class Circuits Valid July 1, 2011 Through June 30, 2015 1 Amateur Radio General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ELEMENT 3 SUB-ELEMENTS (Groupings) Your Passing CSCE Your New General
More informationEND-OF-SUBCOURSE EXAMINATION
END-OF-SUBCOURSE EXAMINATION Circle the letter of the correct answer to each question. When you have answered all of the questions, use a Number 2 pencil to transfer your answers to the TSC Form 59. 1.
More informationLesson Plan. Week Theory Practical Lecture Day. Topic (including assignment / test) Day. Thevenin s theorem, Norton s theorem
Name of the faculty: GYANENDRA KUMAR YADAV Discipline: APPLIED SCIENCE(C.S.E,E.E.ECE) Year : 1st Subject: FEEE Lesson Plan Lesson Plan Duration: 31 weeks (from July, 2018 to April, 2019) Week Theory Practical
More informationTechnical Bulletin Switch Mode PS Principles Page 1 of 5
Technical Bulletin Switch Mode PS Principles Page 1 of 5 Switch Mode PS Principles By G8MNY (Updated Dec 06) (8 Bit ASCII Graphics use code page 437 or 850) There are 2 types, they work slightly differently
More informationBasics of Electricity
Basics of Electricity A quickstep Online Course Siemens industry, Inc. www.usa.siemens.com/step Trademarks Siemens is a trademark of Siemens AG. Product names mentioned may be trademarks or registered
More informationENGINEERING ACADEMY X V
1. Two incandescent bulbs of rating 230, 100 W and 230, 500 W are connected in parallel across the mains. As a result, what will happen? a) 100 W bulb will glow brighter b) 500 W bulb will glow brighter
More informationUnits 1,2,3,9,12 Delmars Standard Textbook of Electricity
Units 1,2,3,9,12 Delmars Standard Textbook of Electricity 1. What are the two basic types of electric sources? 2. What is the effect of unlike charges on each other? 3. What is the effect of like charges
More informationBakiss Hiyana binti Abu Bakar JKE, POLISAS BHAB
1 Bakiss Hiyana binti Abu Bakar JKE, POLISAS 1. Explain AC circuit concept and their analysis using AC circuit law. 2. Apply the knowledge of AC circuit in solving problem related to AC electrical circuit.
More informationUNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING POWER ELECTRONICS LAB HANDBOOK Dr P.R. Palmer Dr P.R. Palmer 1 2004 1 AIM The aim of the project is to design, construct
More informationThe Ins and Outs of Audio Transformers. How to Choose them and How to Use them
The Ins and Outs of Audio Transformers How to Choose them and How to Use them Steve Hogan Product Development Engineer, Jensen Transformers 1983 1989 Designed new products and provided application assistance
More information4/30/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Practical Circuits. Practical Circuits. Subelement G7. 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups
General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G7 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures G3 Radio Wave Propagation
More informationELECTRIC Circuits Test
ELECTRIC Circuits Test Name: /50 Multiple Choice (1 mark each) ( 13 marks) 1. Circle the best answer for each of the multiple choice questions below: Quantity measured Units used 1 -- potential difference
More informationTechnician Licensing Class T6
Technician Licensing Class T6 Amateur Radio Course Monroe EMS Building Monroe, Utah January 11/18, 2014 January 22, 2014 Testing Session Valid dates: July 1, 2010 June 30, 2014 Amateur Radio Technician
More informationInductance, capacitance and resistance
Inductance, capacitance and resistance As previously discussed inductors and capacitors create loads on a circuit. This is called reactance. It varies depending on current and frequency. At no frequency,
More informationElectrical Theory 2 Lessons for Fall Semester:
Electrical Theory 2 Lessons for Fall Semester: Lesson 1 Magnetism Lesson 2 Introduction to AC Theory Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance Lesson 5 Impedance and AC Circuits Lesson 6 AC
More informationCURRENT ELECTRICITY. 1. The S.I. unit of power is (a) Henry (b) coulomb (c) watt (d) watt-hour Ans: c
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1. The S.I. unit of power is (a) Henry (b) coulomb (c) watt (d) watt-hour 2. Electric pressure is also called (a) resistance (b) power (c) voltage (d) energy 3. The substances which
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad
Course Name Course Code Class Branch INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING : A40203
More informationREQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE UEENEEE104A. Topic and Description NIDA Lesson CARD #
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE UEENEEE104A KS01-EE104A Direct current circuits T1 Topic and Description NIDA Lesson CARD # Basic electrical concepts encompassing: electrotechnology industry static and current
More informationElectromagnetic Induction
Chapter 16 Electromagnetic Induction In This Chapter: Electromagnetic Induction Faraday s Law Lenz s Law The Transformer Self-Inductance Inductors in Combination Energy of a Current-Carrying Inductor Electromagnetic
More informationOverview of Grounding for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Presented By Robert Schuerger, P.E.
Overview of Grounding for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Presented By Robert Schuerger, P.E. HP Critical Facility Services delivered by EYP MCF What is VOLTAGE? Difference of Electric Potential
More informationHIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING(FEEE6402) LECTURER-24
LECTURER-24 GENERATION OF HIGH ALTERNATING VOLTAGES When test voltage requirements are less than about 300kV, a single transformer can be used for test purposes. The impedance of the transformer should
More informationRadio Teacher Technician Test Subelement T4 Notes
Radio Teacher Technician Test These notes cover the information needed to answer the questions on Subelement T4 of the Amateur Radio Technician Test. They can be used by instructors as a reference to make
More informationTRANSFORMER THEORY. Mutual Induction
Transformers Transformers are used extensively for AC power transmissions and for various control and indication circuits. Knowledge of the basic theory of how these components operate is necessary to
More informationUNIT 2. Q.1) Describe the functioning of standard signal generator. Ans. Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation
UNIT 2 Q.1) Describe the functioning of standard signal generator Ans. STANDARD SIGNAL GENERATOR A standard signal generator produces known and controllable voltages. It is used as power source for the
More informationT6A4. Electrical components; fixed and variable resistors, capacitors, and inductors; fuses, switches, batteries
Amateur Radio Technician Class Element Course Presentation ti ELEMENT SUB-ELEMENTS Technician Licensing Class Supplement T Electrical/Electronic Components Exam Questions, Groups T - FCC Rules, descriptions
More informationAlternating Current Study Guide. Preface. This module is DIFFICULT.
Preface This module is DIFFICULT. This material will take more effort to understand and more effort to pass than tests from previous modules. This is on par with a college-level electrical engineering
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS PART A (2 Marks)
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI-621213. UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS PART A (2 Marks) 1. What is meant by tuned amplifiers? Tuned amplifiers are amplifiers that are designed to reject a certain
More informationCHAPTER 8: ELECTROMAGNETISM
CHAPTER 8: ELECTROMAGNETISM 8.1: MAGNETIC EFFECT OF A CURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTOR Electromagnets 1. Conductor is a material that can flow.. 2. Electromagnetism is the study of the relationship between.and..
More informationCHAPTER 2 D-Q AXES FLUX MEASUREMENT IN SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
22 CHAPTER 2 D-Q AXES FLUX MEASUREMENT IN SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 2.1 INTRODUCTION For the accurate analysis of synchronous machines using the two axis frame models, the d-axis and q-axis magnetic characteristics
More informationELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1. Just as a voltage amplifier signal voltage a power amplifier. 1.amplifier power 2.amplifier signal 3.converts the signal ac power into DC power 4.converts a dc power into useful
More informationChapter 3. Electricity, Components and Circuits. Metric Units
Chapter 3 Electricity, Components and Circuits Metric Units 1 T5B02 -- What is another way to specify a radio signal frequency of 1,500,000 hertz? A. 1500 khz B. 1500 MHz C. 15 GHz D. 150 khz T5B07 --
More informationThe Vibrator Power Supply
The Vibrator Power Supply Function: The function of the vibrator power supply is like that of the AC operated supply - to provide the necessary voltages for the receiver. In this case the voltage source
More informationReyrolle Protection Devices. 7PG11-18 Alpha Electromechanical Relays. Siemens. Answers for energy.
Reyrolle Protection Devices 7PG11-18 Alpha Electromechanical Relays Answers for energy. Siemens Alpha Technical Manual Contents Contents Technical Manual Chapters 1. Introduction to Electromechanical
More informationVIDYARTHIPLUS - ANNA UNIVERSITY ONLINE STUDENTS COMMUNITY UNIT 1 DC MACHINES PART A 1. State Faraday s law of Electro magnetic induction and Lenz law. 2. Mention the following functions in DC Machine (i)
More informationDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 1500VA VARIABLE OUTPUT STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 1500VA VARIABLE OUTPUT STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER OGUNDARE AYOADE B., OMOGOYE O. SAMUEL & OLUWASANYA OMOTAYO J. Department of Electrical/Electronic engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic,
More informationRadar. Radio. Electronics. Television. .104f 4E011 UNITED ELECTRONICS LABORATORIES LOUISVILLE
Electronics Radio Television.104f Radar UNITED ELECTRONICS LABORATORIES LOUISVILLE KENTUCKY REVISED 1967 4E011 1:1111E111611 COPYRIGHT 1956 UNITED ELECTRONICS LABORATORIES POWER SUPPLIES ASSIGNMENT 23
More information5. Transducers Definition and General Concept of Transducer Classification of Transducers
5.1. Definition and General Concept of Definition The transducer is a device which converts one form of energy into another form. Examples: Mechanical transducer and Electrical transducer Electrical A
More informationProperties of Inductor and Applications
LABORATORY Experiment 3 Properties of Inductor and Applications 1. Objectives To investigate the properties of inductor for different types of magnetic material To calculate the resonant frequency of a
More informationLine Frequency Transformer
Line Frequency Transformer For frequencies of 50/60 Hz, specify a Frequency Transformer. Line Line Frequency Transformers are customized to meet customer requirements, and are available in various ratings.
More informationInductance in DC Circuits
Inductance in DC Circuits Anurag Srivastava Concept: Inductance is characterized by the behavior of a coil of wire in resisting any change of electric current through the coil. Arising from Faraday's law,
More informationMETAL DETECTOR USING DIFFERENCE RESONATOR
METAL DETECTOR USING DIFFERENCE RESONATOR RAJU BADDI Here is described a simple metal detector using a difference resonator and a couple of transistors. It can detect conductors(metals) in its vicinity
More information15. the power factor of an a.c circuit is.5 what will be the phase difference between voltage and current in this
1 1. In a series LCR circuit the voltage across inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30 V, 30 V and 60 V respectively. What is the phase difference between applied voltage and current in the circuit?
More informationElectrical Fundamentals and Basic Components Chapters T2, T3, G4
Electrical Fundamentals and Basic Components Chapters T2, T3, G4 Some Basic Math, Electrical Fundamentals, AC Power, The Basics of Basic Components, A Little More Component Detail, Reactance and Impedance
More informationFCC Technician License Course
FCC Technician License Course 2014-2018 FCC Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool Presented by: Tamiami Amateur Radio Club (TARC) WELCOME To the SECOND of 4, 3-hour classes presented by TARC to prepare
More informationElectromagnetic Induction - A
Electromagnetic Induction - A APPARATUS 1. Two 225-turn coils 2. Table Galvanometer 3. Rheostat 4. Iron and aluminum rods 5. Large circular loop mounted on board 6. AC ammeter 7. Variac 8. Search coil
More informationKNOW MORE ABOUT THE TRANSFORMERS. Glossary Transformers
KNOW MORE ABOUT THE TRANSFORMERS Glossary Transformers Ambient temperature The existing temperature of the atmosphere surrounding a transformer installation. Ampere The practical unit of electric current.
More information